This work presents a study of how information security has been implemented in the municipal high school. The study covers applications' resistance to intrusion, hardware security, students & the IT department's overall competence, also requirements for confidentiality in relation to municipal and state guidelines. The study includes field visits that have been carried out at two municipal high schools with technical vulnerabilities in focus. Based on this study, a risk and vulnerability analysis and an action plan for identified risks are presented.

Sport in leasure time of highschool students Valentová 2011 ABSTRACT The main subject of interest in the presented thesis is to introduce readers with sport of highschool students in Prague in their leasure time. Requarding their choice, frequence and preferences of sport in their free time. The first section represents specifics of adolescent students from the prospective of behavioural psychology. The next part is focused on theory of leasure time, physical activity, sport and its clasification and lifestyle. The following empirical section is aimed at types of leasure activities in different kinds of highschools located in Prague In the conclusion there are various possibilities and recommendation demonstrated to prove the impact not only on theory but also practice.

Este trabalho resulta de uma pesquisa observacional, realizada no período de 2004 a 2005 em São Paulo, junto a um grupo de professores de física em formação continuada. Nossa problemática mais ampla se insere no contexto da formação de professores, e nosso problema inicial se sustentou no reconhecimento do aprendizado incipiente dos professores nos cursos, a contar pelas poucas mudanças resultantes em sua atuação. A primeira observação mais objetiva que deu origem ao problema específico de pesquisa foi o truncamento da seqüência pedagógica do professor, quando ele ensaia mudanças em sua prática a partir da tentativa de aplicação das propostas do curso. Percebemos que o incômodo do professor com essa ruptura gerada na seqüência muitas vezes o dissuadia de continuar a aplicar a novidade aprendida. Em que consiste esse truncamento e como ocorre? Quais são os obstáculos (conceituais/epistemológicos) do professor que podem causar o truncamento? Essa pergunta nos motivou a estudar quais são as características da atuação do professor em sala de aula e como essas características mudam, ou oscilam, quando o professor está em processo de re-elaboração de sua prática, motivado por um programa de formação. Escolhemos um grupo em formação continuada entendida por nós como construtivista. Analisamos a atuação dos professores sob esse referencial, e agrupamos suas características em três dimensões quanto à atuação mais direta em sala de aula - o professor e as estratégias, o professor e as habilidades e o professor e as atitudes - e duas dimensões quanto à reflexão e avaliação do professor sobre o seu trabalho - avaliação que o professor faz do seu trabalho e meta-avaliação ou tomada de consciência. Relacionamos o truncamento da seqüência pedagógica com a incoerência nas estratégias e atitudes do professor conforme ele aplica a teoria de ensino que está aprendendo, mas mantém aspectos de sua prática ainda embasados na teoria antiga. Concluímos que o aprendizado de uma nova teoria de ensino e sua aplicação em sala de aula requer uma mudança atitudinal de base, mais fundamental do que possíveis mudanças nas estratégias de ensino, passíveis de planejamento. A mudança de atitudes é complexa, porque envolve mais que simples substituições, e prolongada, pois depende de feedback a situações concretas trazidas da prática. / This work is the result of an observational research, carried out in the period of 2004 to 2005, in Sao Paulo, along with a group of highschool physics teachers in in-service teacher training course. Our broader issue is inserted in the context of teacher education and our initial problem was based in the recognition of the incipient learning of teachers in the courses, as identified from the few changes resultant in their practice. The first more objective observation that gave birth to our research question was the teachers\' fragmentation of the pedagogical sequence when trying out changes in their practice; that fragmentation coming from attempts of aplication of the course\'s proposals. We noted that the discomfort of the teacher with this generated disruption in the sequence many times discouraged them from persisting in putting the new learning into practice. What does this fragmentation consist of and how does it occur? What are the obstacles (conceptual, epistemological) of the teacher that can cause the disruption? This question motivated us to study the characteristics of teacher practices in the classroom and how these characteristics change, or oscilate, when teachers are in process of re-elaboration of their practice, fostered by a teacher education program. We chose a group participating of an in-service teacher training program, which we understand as constructivist. We analysed the classroom practice of the teachers within this framework and grouped their characteristics into three dimensions as of their more direct classroom practice - teacher and their strategies, teacher and their habilities, and teacher and their attitudes - and two dimensions as of the reflection and self-evaluation of their work - evaluation that teacher makes of their work and meta-evaluation. We related the fragmentation of the pedagogical sequence with the incoherence in the teachers\' strategies and attitudes when they apply the teaching theory they are learning, but at the same time maintain aspects of their practice still founded into the old theory. We concluded that the learning of a new teaching theory requires a ground attitudinal change, more fundamental than possible changes in the teaching strategies, these ones capable of planning. An attitude change is complex as it involves more than mere substitutions, and time-taking, as it depends on feedback to concrete situations brought from the classroom practice.

Este trabalho resulta de uma pesquisa observacional, realizada no período de 2004 a 2005 em São Paulo, junto a um grupo de professores de física em formação continuada. Nossa problemática mais ampla se insere no contexto da formação de professores, e nosso problema inicial se sustentou no reconhecimento do aprendizado incipiente dos professores nos cursos, a contar pelas poucas mudanças resultantes em sua atuação. A primeira observação mais objetiva que deu origem ao problema específico de pesquisa foi o truncamento da seqüência pedagógica do professor, quando ele ensaia mudanças em sua prática a partir da tentativa de aplicação das propostas do curso. Percebemos que o incômodo do professor com essa ruptura gerada na seqüência muitas vezes o dissuadia de continuar a aplicar a novidade aprendida. Em que consiste esse truncamento e como ocorre? Quais são os obstáculos (conceituais/epistemológicos) do professor que podem causar o truncamento? Essa pergunta nos motivou a estudar quais são as características da atuação do professor em sala de aula e como essas características mudam, ou oscilam, quando o professor está em processo de re-elaboração de sua prática, motivado por um programa de formação. Escolhemos um grupo em formação continuada entendida por nós como construtivista. Analisamos a atuação dos professores sob esse referencial, e agrupamos suas características em três dimensões quanto à atuação mais direta em sala de aula - o professor e as estratégias, o professor e as habilidades e o professor e as atitudes - e duas dimensões quanto à reflexão e avaliação do professor sobre o seu trabalho - avaliação que o professor faz do seu trabalho e meta-avaliação ou tomada de consciência. Relacionamos o truncamento da seqüência pedagógica com a incoerência nas estratégias e atitudes do professor conforme ele aplica a teoria de ensino que está aprendendo, mas mantém aspectos de sua prática ainda embasados na teoria antiga. Concluímos que o aprendizado de uma nova teoria de ensino e sua aplicação em sala de aula requer uma mudança atitudinal de base, mais fundamental do que possíveis mudanças nas estratégias de ensino, passíveis de planejamento. A mudança de atitudes é complexa, porque envolve mais que simples substituições, e prolongada, pois depende de feedback a situações concretas trazidas da prática. / This work is the result of an observational research, carried out in the period of 2004 to 2005, in Sao Paulo, along with a group of highschool physics teachers in in-service teacher training course. Our broader issue is inserted in the context of teacher education and our initial problem was based in the recognition of the incipient learning of teachers in the courses, as identified from the few changes resultant in their practice. The first more objective observation that gave birth to our research question was the teachers\' fragmentation of the pedagogical sequence when trying out changes in their practice; that fragmentation coming from attempts of aplication of the course\'s proposals. We noted that the discomfort of the teacher with this generated disruption in the sequence many times discouraged them from persisting in putting the new learning into practice. What does this fragmentation consist of and how does it occur? What are the obstacles (conceptual, epistemological) of the teacher that can cause the disruption? This question motivated us to study the characteristics of teacher practices in the classroom and how these characteristics change, or oscilate, when teachers are in process of re-elaboration of their practice, fostered by a teacher education program. We chose a group participating of an in-service teacher training program, which we understand as constructivist. We analysed the classroom practice of the teachers within this framework and grouped their characteristics into three dimensions as of their more direct classroom practice - teacher and their strategies, teacher and their habilities, and teacher and their attitudes - and two dimensions as of the reflection and self-evaluation of their work - evaluation that teacher makes of their work and meta-evaluation. We related the fragmentation of the pedagogical sequence with the incoherence in the teachers\' strategies and attitudes when they apply the teaching theory they are learning, but at the same time maintain aspects of their practice still founded into the old theory. We concluded that the learning of a new teaching theory requires a ground attitudinal change, more fundamental than possible changes in the teaching strategies, these ones capable of planning. An attitude change is complex as it involves more than mere substitutions, and time-taking, as it depends on feedback to concrete situations brought from the classroom practice.

Cette thèse vise à mieux comprendre la persévérance en première année d'études supérieures. Avantet après cette période, deux séries d'entretiens semi-directifs sont menés auprès de 47 individus,construits à partir du modèle de l'intégration de l'étudiant de Tinto (1999) et du concept de typed'études de Lahire (1997). Leurs analyses combinant méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives montrentles processus mis en oeuvre dans la persévérance en montrant des liens significatifs avec certainsfacteurs de pré-admission et la majorité des facteurs relatifs à l'expérience étudiante. Les résultatsdifférencient quatre types de persévérance, définis en fonction de deux critères : la réussite/l'échecacadémique et la persévérance dans le même cursus/réorientation dans d'autres études supérieures. / This thesis aims at a better understanding of perseverance in the first year of higher education.Before and after this period, two series of semi-directive interviews were led with 47 individuals,built from the model of the integration of the student (Tinto, 1999) and the concept of studies types(Lahire, 1997). Their analyses, combining qualitative and quantitative methods, explain theprocesses related to perseverance by showing significant links with some pre-admission factors andthe majority of the student experiment factors. The results differentiate four types of perseverance,defined according to two criteria: the success / academic failure and perseverance in the samecourse / reorientation in another higher education institution.

Submitted by Cristiane Shirayama (cristiane.shirayama@fgv.br) on 2011-05-26T18:20:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 62090100005.pdf: 2858009 bytes, checksum: 1101b75d327b3edc6ac332c25745eec5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia(suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2011-05-26T18:43:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 62090100005.pdf: 2858009 bytes, checksum: 1101b75d327b3edc6ac332c25745eec5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia(suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2011-05-26T18:44:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 62090100005.pdf: 2858009 bytes, checksum: 1101b75d327b3edc6ac332c25745eec5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-26T19:10:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 62090100005.pdf: 2858009 bytes, checksum: 1101b75d327b3edc6ac332c25745eec5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-18 / Despite of many analyses on the trends of higher education in Brazil regarding the quality level of superior institutions or politics of social or racial quotas, there are rare investigations intended to better understand the decision for the search of superior education by public highschool graduating students. Empiric works developed with that objective focus individuals already in college, unconsidering those that could have looked for higher education and didn’t work it out. In the city of São Paulo, that contingent represents 81% of 123 thousand highschool graduating students every year. This work intends to explore the factors that could explain the decision for the search of higher education starting from the profile and degree involvement of the family, student’s school performance and working conditions of the sample components with 52 youngs that accomplished public highschool in the city of São Paulo between 2007 and 2009. The contribution of this research based on the exceptional variety of the data collected from these individuals, observed in two different years, 2007 and 2010, and secondary data about their scholar report and school quality where they studied. This exploratory work was still complemented with case studies of six individuals of the sample, submitted to an interview in depth to observe other possible relevant information to understand the decision for the search or not of higher education. Among the picked evidences, it is a surprise the fact that the individuals’ Mathematics performance and school quality where they studied didn't explain the search for superior graduation. Income and parents’ education were less influential than having a computer in the home. On families’ side, those with both, father and mother, presence (biparentals) and with higher expectations of children's education showed as important indicators in the children’s search for higher education. / Apesar de serem muitas as análises sobre tendências do Ensino Superior no Brasil, sobre o nível de qualidade das instituições ou sobre políticas de cotas sociais ou raciais, são raras as investigações destinadas a melhor compreender a decisão pela busca do Ensino Superior por parte dos concluintes do Ensino Médio público. Trabalhos empíricos desenvolvidos com esse objetivo costumam focalizar indivíduos já em graduação, desconsiderando aqueles que poderiam buscar o Ensino Superior e não o fizeram. Na cidade de São Paulo, esse contingente representa 81% dos 123.000 concluintes do ensino médio, todos os anos. Este trabalho busca explorar fatores que expliquem a decisão pela busca do ensino superior a partir do perfil e grau de envolvimento da família, do desempenho escolar e da condição de trabalho dos componentes de uma amostra com 52 jovens que entre 2007 e 2009 terminaram o ensino médio em escolas estaduais da Capital. A contribuição desta pesquisa decorre da excepcional variedade de dados colecionados desses indivíduos, observados em dois anos distintos: 2007 e 2010, e dados secundários sobre seu histórico escolar e sobre a qualidade das escolas em que estudaram. Este trabalho exploratório foi ainda complementado com estudos de caso de seis indivíduos tomados em amostra, submetidos a uma entrevista em profundidade para observar outras possíveis informações relevantes para compreender a decisão pela busca ou não do ensino superior. Dentre as evidências colhidas, surpreendeu o fato que o desempenho em matemática dos indivíduos e a qualidade da escola onde estudaram não explicaram a busca por formação superior. Renda e escolaridade dos pais mostraram-se menos influentes que a posse de computador no domicílio. Da parte da família, a presença do pai e da mãe (biparentais) e com mais elevadas expectativas de escolarização dos filhos mostraram-se importantes indicadores pela busca de maior escolarização por parte dos filhos.

Studiens syfte har varit att undersöka hur studie- och yrkesvägledare, som saknar sakkunskap om neuropsykiatriska funktionsvariationer (NPF), upplever att vägleda elever med dessa diagnoser på gymnasieskolor. Vi har ämnat ta reda på hur studie- och yrkesvägledare bemöter elevernas behov, samt förbereder eleverna inför framtida studie- och yrkesval. De två teoretiska utgångspunkterna för arbetet har varit Self-Determination Theory och den Konstruktivistiska vägledningsteorin. Då studien åsyftar att undersöka studie- och yrkesvägledares upplevelser har vi genomfört kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem studie- och yrkesvägledare. I resultatet framkommer det att respondenterna aktivt arbetar med att anpassa vägledning och förhållningssätt i sitt bemötande av elever med NPF. För att snäva in vårt spektrum något har vi valt att fokusera på de vanligast förekommande diagnoserna, som våra respondenter möter i sitt dagliga arbete; ADHD, autism och dyslexi, De primära verktygen som respondenterna använder sig av är tydlig information, motivation och att hjälpa elever att öka deras självkännedom. Dessa anses vara centrala aspekter när det gäller att förbereda eleverna inför framtida studie- och yrkesval. Slutsatserna som framkommer i studien är att om en studie- och yrkesvägledare ska kunna vägleda elever med NPF är det väsentligt för hen att besitta kunskap om och inneha erforderlig kompetens kring hur NPF påverkar individen. Av lika hög vikt är det att hen vet vilka förutsättningar som råder i samhället gällande studier eller yrken. Vidare har vi också kunnat belysa att vi på vår utbildning inte har fått någon djupare sakkunskap om NPF för att kunna bemöta denna stora grupp elever ute i skolorna. Istället är vi hänvisade till att på egen hand förkovra oss i detta simultant med att vi ska komma ut och vara yrkesverksamma i helt nya arbetssituationer.

The main aim of this diploma thesis was creation of functional experiments and supporting teaching materials for high school students which would clearly demonstrate the processes of photomorphogenesis in plants. Proposed experiments had to be verified in practice on the basis of their reliability, repeatability and reproducibility in schools. It was necessary to drew up the educational materials for each experiment focused on observation of photomorphogenesis plant's reactions. These materials give students the basics of scientific work and specifically they increase the interest in experimental plant biology. The first part of the thesis is literary introduction that provides the theoretical background to the topic of photomorphogenesis for teachers. It summarizes the current of the art mechanisms and manifestations of photomorphogenesis processes of plants. The second didactic part of the introduction deals with the framing up teaching of plant physiology into current curricula of education in the Czech Republic. For the formativ of educational materials experiments had to be designed to demonstrate reliably basic photomorphogenetical processes. Three experiments were designe dat: 1. plant phototropism, 2. negative plant phototropism and 3. plant scotomorphogenesis.To select these experiments I...

Det övergripande problemet vi började med är vad som beskrivs i artikeln En skola utan kanon om att elever läser mindre i skolan på grund av olika faktorer. Vissa av dem är rent tidsmässiga men även att det finns en delad uppfattning om att det helt enkelt inte finns nog med tid för djupgående skönlitterär läsning (Nordlund 1998). Olin-Scheller (2006) förmedlar i sin avhandling att det är svårt för läsare, mest omnämnt gymnasieelever, att ta till sig av den skönlitterära läsningen om den inte stämmer överens med elevernas litterära repertoar. Syftet med vårt översiktsverk är i huvudsak att presentera hur läsning och personlig utveckling hänger ihop samt förmedla varför skönlitterär läsning är både aktuell och viktig för elever. Fokus för vårt översiktsverk ligger på material som berör skönlitterär läsning för elever på gymnasienivå. Vi har använt oss av sökning i olika databaser genom att använda både breda och specifika sökord och termer. Materialet består av både vetenskapliga artiklar, litteratur och avhandlingar relevanta för våra avgränsade söktermer. Den övergripande frågan vi har arbetat med i bred bemärkelse är ”Hur och varför arbetar man med skönlitteratur i skolan?” Genom läsning och avgränsning av materialet utvecklades frågan till ”Hur bidrar läsning till personlig utveckling?” och även en sidofråga utvecklades vid läsningen av materialet ”Gör det någon skillnad på vad man läser?” Gemensamt för alla våra källor är att de alla belyser det faktum att det är viktigt att lägga vikt på den skönlitterära läsningen på gymnasiet. Dels för att alla elever ska få samma möjlighet till utveckling av sin litterära repertoar, dels för att varje elev ska få chansen till en djupare personlig utveckling innan vuxenlivet tar vid på riktigt. Nyckelord: Critical literacy, litterär repertoar, personlig utveckling och skönlitteratur.

I denna studie undersöks hur stor vikt lärare lägger på att skapa och genomföra lektioner där motivation påverkar lektionens planering och genomförande. Information samlades in via en enkät med 119 respondentsvar från lärare. Examensarbetet består av två delar, en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ del. I den kvantitativa delen uppger respondenterna att elevmotivation är viktigt, vilket korrelerar med Hattie (2014) metaanalys. Respondentsvaren visar även att de i mindre utsträckning tar hänsyn till elevmotivation vid lektionsplaneringen. I den kvalitativa delen bearbetas enkätsvaren kring frågeställningen - hur informanterna uppger att de arbetar med att skapa förutsättningar för elevmotivation vid lektionsgenomförande. Respondentsvaren beskriver pragmatiskt arbetet med att skapa förutsättningar för elevmotivation. Analysen visar en spridning i respondentsvaren. Diskussion, variation och praktiska moment är några av de mest förekommande svaren. I det följande steget görs en ytterligare analys av respondentsvaren med hjälp av en analysmodell baserad på Skaalvik och Skaalvik (2016), och deras uppdelning med teorier kring elevmotivation i skolmiljö. Examensarbetets resultat visar att svaren härrör sig från i huvudsak fyra av dessa åtta teorier kring elevmotivation. / This limited study is based on 119 respondents answers on a poll. The purpose of the thesis is delimited to examine how respondents perceive their work regarding creation of possibilities for student motivation. The quantative part focus on lesson planning and the qualitative part focus on the lesson as such. The quantative part of the study clearly shows that teachers perceive motivation as crucial for students learning, supported by Hattie (2014) metaanalysis. The result also shows that less than half of the respondents work actively with thinking and planning for motivation of the students while preparing the lesson. The qualitative part of the study examines how teachers worked with creating possibilities for studentmotivation during their last lesson. The respondants describe their work with student motivation pragmatically. Most frequent wordings are variation, discussion and pratical experiments, as something that generated motivation during the last lesson. The answers are examined following an analysis modell, based on Skaalvik and Skaalvik (2016) and their categorization of motivational theories in school. The thesis result shows that the respondants answers correlate with four of the eight motivational theories in the modell.