<p>The essay investigates the film adaptation <em>The Remains of the Day</em>. The novel and film are used to give examples of ways the story of a novel can change when it is adapted for film. The theoretical framework is based on Linda Hutcheon's concept of orginality and fidelity.</p>

The essay investigates the film adaptation The Remains of the Day. The novel and film are used to give examples of ways the story of a novel can change when it is adapted for film. The theoretical framework is based on Linda Hutcheon's concept of orginality and fidelity.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina Wilmington, 2008. / Title from PDF title page (viewed September 24, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. [63]-[65])

Magistro darbe analizuojama, kokios sovietinės tikrovės aukos ironizuojamos 1987-1989 metų lietuvių ir čekų romanuose. Tiriamoji medžiaga ir šaltiniai – sovietinę tikrovę aprašantys romanai: Milano Kunderos romanas „Nepakeliama būties lengvybė“ (1987 m.) ir Ričardo Gavelio romanas „Vilniaus pokeris“ (1989 m.). Kūrinių pasirinkimą lėmė siužetų skirtingumas ir juos vienijanti politinė situacija. Teorinėje darbo dalyje pristatoma ironizavimo galimybių teorija ir ironijos funkcijos. Tiriamojoje dalyje analizuojamos Kunderos romane „Nepakeliama būties lengvybė“ ir Gavelio romane „Vilniaus pokeris“ ironizuojamos sovietinės tikrovės aukos. Pastebėta, jog tiriamuosiuose romanuose ironizuojamos skirtingos sovietinės tikrovės aukos: Kunderos romane sovietinė tikrovė ironizuojama ironijos aukomis pasirenkant gyvenimo ir būties, gyvenimo ir objektyvios tikrovės vaizdavimo būdus. Kiekvienas veikėjas stengiasi atsakyti į klausimą, ar tai, kas vyksta sovietinėje tikrovėje yra teisinga? Ar išdavystė, nelaisvė, melas, pigumas yra tai, kas pasaulyje iš tiesų turėtų būti? Kunderos romane kultūros sąvoka pateikiama skirtingai: a) kultūra skatina žmonių brandą ir atspindi susiformavusias vertybines nuostatas, b) kultūra yra vertybinių nuostatų kaitos refleksija, maištavimo prieš sovietinę tikrovę būdas. Gavelio romane sovietinė tikrovė ironizuojama ironijos aukomis pasirenkant kultūros objektus: kalbą, rašytojus, tekstus, gyvenimą, kaip žaidimą. Gavelio romane svarbios tampa žmogaus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Master’s thesis analyses what victims of the Soviet reality are ironized in the Lithuanian and Czech novels written within 1987-1989. Research material and sources - Milan Kundera’s novel Nepakeliama būties lengvybė (The Unbearable Lightness of Being, 1987) and Ričardas Gavelis’ novel Vilniaus pokeris (Vilnius Poker, 1989), both of which depict the Soviet reality. The choice of novels was determined by plot difference and common political situation. The theoretical part of the paper presents the theory of the possibility of ironization and irony functions. The research part of the paper analyses ironized victims of the Soviet reality in Kundera’s novel Nepakeliama būties lengvybė and Gavelis’ novel Vilniaus pokeris. The paper reveals that different victims of the Soviet reality are ironized in the novels. The Soviet reality in Kundera’s novel is ironized through the choice of depicting life and existence, life and objective reality as irony victims. Each character tries to answer the following questions: whether what is happening in the Soviet reality is correct? Whether betrayal, prison, lie and cheapness are the things which should really prevail in the world? The concept of culture is presented differently in Kundera’s novel: a) culture promotes human maturity and reflects settled values; b) culture is a reflection of the change of values and the way of rebellion against the Soviet reality. The Soviet reality in Gavelis novel is ironized through the choice of cultural... [to full text]

La construction des personnages et de représentations du pouvoir, ainsi que la mise en place d’une écriture métafictionnelle dans sept romans mexicains publiés dans les années 90 sont les thèmes centraux de cette étude. Pour notre analyse de El disparo de argón, Huatulqueños, La lotería de San Jorge, Una de dos, Salón de belleza, Un asesino solitario et En busca de Klingsor, nous nous sommes inspiré des théories de Roland Barthes et de Philippe Hamon concernant l’étude sémiologique des personnages, ainsi que des modes de représentation narrative décrits par Gérard Genette. Nous sommes également parti des idées ce même auteur sur l’écriture métafictionnelle, ainsi que des travaux de Linda Hutcheon et de Patricia Waugh sur la question. Notre analyse montre que narrateurs, personnages et décors sont construits à l’aide de figures telles que l’hyperbole ou la comparaison. Le paysage peut agir comme un personnage de plus, et engendrer des espaces métaphysiques reflétant l’histoire. Pour ce qui est du rapport au pouvoir, l’on distinguera deux types de personnages : des êtres vulnérables, d’une part, possédant le pouvoir de manière éphémère ; et des puissances invisibles et inhumaines, de l’autre, surveillant et régissant les destinées des personnages. Tandis que les premiers partagent des caractéristiques physiques et des comportements plus ou moins similaires, les puissances invisibles correspondent à des figures telles que le Destin, le Hasard, Dieu ou encore le Diable. Les représentations du pouvoir remplissent toutes une même série de fonctions. Chacun des sept romans envisagés par cette étude déploie des moyens visant à souligner la nature réflexive de l’écriture chez le narrateur. L’analyse des mises en abyme, des métalepses et de la transtextualité au sein du récit permet de mettre au jour et d’évaluer de manière systématique la présence effective de la métafiction. / This essay presents an analysis of the construction of characters, the representations of power and the development of metafictional writing through a discussion of seven Mexican novels published in the nineties. The essay utilizes the theoretical advances of Roland Barthes and Philippe Hamon in regards to semiological analysis of characters and Gérard Genette’s modes of narrative representation to analyze El disparo de argón, Huatulqueños, La lotería de San Jorge, Una de dos, Salón de belleza, Un asesino solitario y En busca de Klingsor. Metafictional writing was looked at using the theoretical lens of not only Genette, but also Linda Hutcheon and Patricia Waugh. In conclusion, narrators, characters and setting are constructed by means of techniques like hyperbole or comparison. In addition, landscape comes to function as another character in the story, creating a metaphysical space that reflects history. When speaking of power, there are two identifiable types of characters: vulnerable creatures with an ephemeral authority and invisible, inhumane powers that patrol and decide characters’ destinies. The first group eventually acquires the same physical characteristics and attitudes, while the invisible powers correspond to figures like Fate, Chance, God or the Devil. The representations of power fulfill a series of similar roles. Each of the seven novels studied in this essay uses techniques which emphasize the narrator’s own awareness of the act of writing. The analysis of the mise en abyme, metalepsis and transtextuality in the narrative allows for a systematic determination and evaluation of the effectiveness of metafiction.

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En adaptionsanalys som utforskar relationen mellan romanen Cloud Atlas av David Mitchell och dess filmatisering (2012) av Tom Tykwer och syskonen Wachowski. Fokuset ligger på skillnader och likheter i narrativ och vilka visuella möjligheter som kunnat tillföras när romanens handlingen gjordes om till filmformat.

The master thesis discusses the novel Spas by Ivan Matoušek published in 2001. The description of the structure and narrative time of the novel is followed by a characterization of the ironic self-conscious narrator and his relationship to the fictional world and the main character. The interpretation is partly inspired by a theoretical paper on irony by Vladimir Jankélévitch, which is compared with Paul de Man's concept of irony. The thesis also refers to Linda Hutcheon's theory of self- reflexivity and metafiction and employs the concept of mise en abyme.

På papiret virker Fight Club [1999] som et sikkert stikk. En litterær adapsjon utført av en kjent regissør (David Fincher) med solide stjernenavn på plakaten(Brad Pitt, Edward Norton). Men Chuck Palahniuks debutroman fra 1996 er et vanskelig verk, preget av mørk satire, flere lag med ironi og radikal subjektivitet. For å oversette en slik fortelling til film trengs ikke bare dristigheten til å fortelle om kontroversielle tema, men også oppfinnsomheten til å oversette en utpreget psykologisk roman til et audiovisuelt språk. Det er nettopp oversettelsen jeg skal undersøke i denne oppgaven, hvordan romanens kildemateriale har blitt gjenskapt i filmmediet. For å gjøre dette så konkret som mulig, snevrer jeg først inn undersøkelsen til filmens voice-over, som er basert på romanens tekst. Hvordan har bokas fortellerstemme blitt adaptert til en fortellende voice-over i filmen? Jeg skal ta for meg denne prosessen i tre deler, basert på tre stadier i adapsjonsprosessen hvor filmskaperne har hatt anledning til å kreativt bearbeide romanens tekst. Første del er voice-overen sett som skriftlig tekst, manusstadiet. Hva er kuttet, forandret og lagt til romanens tekst? Andre del er voice-overen som stemme, innspillingsstadiet. Hvordan forandres skriften i manus, og dermed også romanens tekst, idet en den blir til uttalte ord? Hvilke virkemidler har filmskaperne her benyttet seg av? Tredje del er fortellerstemmen i møte med resten av filmspråket, klippestadiet. Hvordan påvirker bildene og den øvrige lyddesignen vår opplevelse av fortellerstemmen, og hvordan er påvirkningen den andre veien? Deretter skal jeg utvide perspektivet igjen, og undersøke hvilke implikasjoner bruken av voice-over har for filmen som helhet. Hva kan en film kommuniserer Fight Club på denne måten? Tema blir ironi, upålitelighet, subjektivitet, karakterengasjement og kronologi. Anvendte teoretikere inkluderer Linda Hutcheon, Sarah Kozloff, Thomas Elsaesser, Gerard Genette, Seymour Chatman, André Bazin, Murray Smith og Lars Thomas Braaten.

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