Esta pesquisa tem como tema central analisar o processo emigratório/imigratório chileno ocorrido nas três últimas décadas do século XX e evidenciar os dilemas da construção de identidade imigrante neste processo por meio da história oral de vida. Para tanto, foram utilizados os procedimentos metodológicos do Núcleo de Estudos em História Oral da Universidade de São Paulo (NEHO/USP), trabalhando com sete histórias de vida de chilenos da cidade de Campinas/SP. Contextualização histórica e cultural do Chile, contextualização dos chilenos no exterior e conceituação dos termos migratórios foram alguns dos assuntos abordados utilizando a bibliografia selecionada. Razões da emigração, o porquê da escolha do Brasil, quais as formas de adaptação no novo país e a questão do retorno foram alguns dos temas analisados a partir das histórias de vida feitas para a pesquisa. Inserida na problemática principal os dilemas da construção de identidade imigrante a constituição de uma comunidade chilena foi assunto abordado. A descrição de todo o processo investigador também é parte fundamental da dissertação. / The aim of this research is to analize the migratory/immigrate process of Chileans which was occurred on the last three decades of the last century (twentieth ones) and also highlighting the structure of immigrant identity process and their dilemmas throughout some oral history life. For this, we were based on the Oral History Research Office at University of São Paulo (NEHO/USP - Núcleo de Estudos em História Oral da Universidade de São Paulo), a methodological procedures which works with life stories and, in this case, we have worked with seven Chilean persons who live in Campinas city (a small city close to São Paulo). By using a selected bibliography, we tried to contextualize Chile in a cultural and historical way and Chilean people overseas, in terms of migrate concepts. The reasons for migrating, the answer(s) for the choice of Brazil, in which forms they were adapting themselves in the new country, and, the problem of returning to Chile, were the topics analyzed from their oral history life in this reseach. We have also added into the topic of the dilemmas of immigrant identity process, the creation of a \"Chilean community\". The whole investigative method description was also the fundamental part of this research.

Esta pesquisa tem como tema central analisar o processo emigratório/imigratório chileno ocorrido nas três últimas décadas do século XX e evidenciar os dilemas da construção de identidade imigrante neste processo por meio da história oral de vida. Para tanto, foram utilizados os procedimentos metodológicos do Núcleo de Estudos em História Oral da Universidade de São Paulo (NEHO/USP), trabalhando com sete histórias de vida de chilenos da cidade de Campinas/SP. Contextualização histórica e cultural do Chile, contextualização dos chilenos no exterior e conceituação dos termos migratórios foram alguns dos assuntos abordados utilizando a bibliografia selecionada. Razões da emigração, o porquê da escolha do Brasil, quais as formas de adaptação no novo país e a questão do retorno foram alguns dos temas analisados a partir das histórias de vida feitas para a pesquisa. Inserida na problemática principal os dilemas da construção de identidade imigrante a constituição de uma comunidade chilena foi assunto abordado. A descrição de todo o processo investigador também é parte fundamental da dissertação. / The aim of this research is to analize the migratory/immigrate process of Chileans which was occurred on the last three decades of the last century (twentieth ones) and also highlighting the structure of immigrant identity process and their dilemmas throughout some oral history life. For this, we were based on the Oral History Research Office at University of São Paulo (NEHO/USP - Núcleo de Estudos em História Oral da Universidade de São Paulo), a methodological procedures which works with life stories and, in this case, we have worked with seven Chilean persons who live in Campinas city (a small city close to São Paulo). By using a selected bibliography, we tried to contextualize Chile in a cultural and historical way and Chilean people overseas, in terms of migrate concepts. The reasons for migrating, the answer(s) for the choice of Brazil, in which forms they were adapting themselves in the new country, and, the problem of returning to Chile, were the topics analyzed from their oral history life in this reseach. We have also added into the topic of the dilemmas of immigrant identity process, the creation of a \"Chilean community\". The whole investigative method description was also the fundamental part of this research.

<p>The study argues that implicit in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the principle of immigration as human rights is supported by principle of positive freedom, negative freedom, and equal autonomy. The study endorses a liberal egalitarian perspective by claiming that human right to immigrate promotes equal autonomy. The study also investigates why the principle of immigration as a human right has been dismissed by doctrines within Liberalism. It argues that a state lacks a legitimacy to employ a principle of national self-determination against the immigration issue. Instead, a state has a moral obligation to the protection of a human right to immigrate; it also has a duty to provide equal social rights to the immigrants in compared with those of the citizens.</p>

<p>Syftet med min uppsats är att redogöra för och diskutera hur en lärare arbetar med läslust och språkutveckling, samt hur hennes elever upplever denna undervisning. Läslust handlar om mycket mer än att bara tycka om att läsa böcker, såväl i skolan som på fritiden. Elever med läslust kan ta upp en bok att läsa som avkoppling, lika gärna som de kan se på tv.</p><p>För att undersöka mitt syfte har jag studerat en klass i en Stockholmsförort. Jag har intervjuat en lärare, samt fyra av hennes elever, för att ta reda på hur läraren arbetar med att skapa och upprätthålla läslusten hos eleverna, och hur eleverna uppfattar lärarens undervisning kring läslust. Jag har även gjort en enkätundersökning med alla elever i klassen, för att ta reda på hur de upplever läslust, och vad de tycker om lärarens arbetssätt för att skapa läslust.</p><p>Resultaten av min undersökning visar att det är skillnad mellan flickors och pojkars läsning. Oftast är det flickor som läser mest, vilket kan bero på flera faktorer. En anledning är att flickor har fler läsande förebilder och att många pojkar uppfattar läsning som omanligt, och de väljer därför bort det. Jag har även upptäckt att läraren inte medvetet arbetar med läslust, och att hennes elever inte upplever att läraren uppmuntrar dem till läsning.</p><p>Det är väldigt viktigt att elever har goda läsande förebilder som kan motivera och skapa nyfikenhet till läsning. Även att tidigt börja med läsning i skolan, samt att läraren har god bokkännedom och kan föra givande boksamtal efter att ha avslutat en bok, är viktigt. Det är betydande att läraren kan övertyga läsovana elever till att läsning är ett nöje, och att läraren hittar rätt bok till rätt elev.</p> / <p>My study’s aims are to describe and discuss how a teacher work with reading-inclination and language acquisition, and how her pupils perceive this teaching. Pupils that have reading-inclination can take a book and read it at home, as well as they can turn on the TV.</p><p>To achieve my aim I have studied a multilingual class in a suburb to Stockholm. I have interviewed one teacher and four of her pupils. I have also done a questionnaire-investigation with all the pupils in her class. I want to know if the teacher is aware of how she is working with the pupils to make them have reading-inclination while they are reading books. I would also like to know what the pupils think of reading-inclination and if they like to read.</p><p>The results of my study show that there is a large difference between the girls’ and the boys’ reading. The girls like to read more than the boys. One reason can be that girls have more reading models and that boys think reading is something feminine. I have also discovered that the teacher is not deliberately working with reading-inclination and her pupils don’t feel like she is encouraging them to read.</p><p>It’s very important with good role models that can justify and make the pupils curious about reading. It’s important for the pupils to start reading early in school, and for the teacher to have a good book-knowledge and lead profitable book-conversation after finishing a book. It’s also important for the teacher to convince pupils that are unaccustomed book-readers that reading is a pleasure, and to find the right book too the right pupil.</p>

Syftet med min uppsats är att redogöra för och diskutera hur en lärare arbetar med läslust och språkutveckling, samt hur hennes elever upplever denna undervisning. Läslust handlar om mycket mer än att bara tycka om att läsa böcker, såväl i skolan som på fritiden. Elever med läslust kan ta upp en bok att läsa som avkoppling, lika gärna som de kan se på tv. För att undersöka mitt syfte har jag studerat en klass i en Stockholmsförort. Jag har intervjuat en lärare, samt fyra av hennes elever, för att ta reda på hur läraren arbetar med att skapa och upprätthålla läslusten hos eleverna, och hur eleverna uppfattar lärarens undervisning kring läslust. Jag har även gjort en enkätundersökning med alla elever i klassen, för att ta reda på hur de upplever läslust, och vad de tycker om lärarens arbetssätt för att skapa läslust. Resultaten av min undersökning visar att det är skillnad mellan flickors och pojkars läsning. Oftast är det flickor som läser mest, vilket kan bero på flera faktorer. En anledning är att flickor har fler läsande förebilder och att många pojkar uppfattar läsning som omanligt, och de väljer därför bort det. Jag har även upptäckt att läraren inte medvetet arbetar med läslust, och att hennes elever inte upplever att läraren uppmuntrar dem till läsning. Det är väldigt viktigt att elever har goda läsande förebilder som kan motivera och skapa nyfikenhet till läsning. Även att tidigt börja med läsning i skolan, samt att läraren har god bokkännedom och kan föra givande boksamtal efter att ha avslutat en bok, är viktigt. Det är betydande att läraren kan övertyga läsovana elever till att läsning är ett nöje, och att läraren hittar rätt bok till rätt elev. / My study’s aims are to describe and discuss how a teacher work with reading-inclination and language acquisition, and how her pupils perceive this teaching. Pupils that have reading-inclination can take a book and read it at home, as well as they can turn on the TV. To achieve my aim I have studied a multilingual class in a suburb to Stockholm. I have interviewed one teacher and four of her pupils. I have also done a questionnaire-investigation with all the pupils in her class. I want to know if the teacher is aware of how she is working with the pupils to make them have reading-inclination while they are reading books. I would also like to know what the pupils think of reading-inclination and if they like to read. The results of my study show that there is a large difference between the girls’ and the boys’ reading. The girls like to read more than the boys. One reason can be that girls have more reading models and that boys think reading is something feminine. I have also discovered that the teacher is not deliberately working with reading-inclination and her pupils don’t feel like she is encouraging them to read. It’s very important with good role models that can justify and make the pupils curious about reading. It’s important for the pupils to start reading early in school, and for the teacher to have a good book-knowledge and lead profitable book-conversation after finishing a book. It’s also important for the teacher to convince pupils that are unaccustomed book-readers that reading is a pleasure, and to find the right book too the right pupil.

The study argues that implicit in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the principle of immigration as human rights is supported by principle of positive freedom, negative freedom, and equal autonomy. The study endorses a liberal egalitarian perspective by claiming that human right to immigrate promotes equal autonomy. The study also investigates why the principle of immigration as a human right has been dismissed by doctrines within Liberalism. It argues that a state lacks a legitimacy to employ a principle of national self-determination against the immigration issue. Instead, a state has a moral obligation to the protection of a human right to immigrate; it also has a duty to provide equal social rights to the immigrants in compared with those of the citizens.

本文所要討論的重點是台灣紡織業在外移與轉型的過程中，國家機關所扮演的角色，並探究在過去與現在不同的階段中國家的角色是否有所變化，研究範圍是台灣的上市紡織公司。而本文所指的外移是在國外擁有生產線；而轉型則包括了紡織業的轉業或轉投資，以及進行產業升級與提昇產品競爭力。 紡織業是國民政府遷台後，首先發展的重要產業，而紡織業之所以能夠發展，除了大陸來台的紡織資本外，因為紡織業具有創匯快的特性，因此政府提供了保護與優惠的措施，加上美援的因素都使得台灣紡織業在1950年代之後得以發展，而這也是發展型國家（Developmental State）由國家機關帶短產業發展的實例。 但1990年代之後的台灣紡織業面臨了各項生產成本的提高與工時減少，及資金不易取得等不利因素，國外的保護主義亦使得出口受到阻礙，使得台灣紡織業的獲利空間和競爭力逐漸遭到壓縮，面臨這樣的困境，台灣紡織業選擇的是將生產線外移或從事於轉業或轉投資，以及產業升級與提昇產品競爭力，藉以增加獲利空間。而本文所討論的重點即是在於面對台灣紡織業的困境、外移以及轉型的過程當中，國家機關所提出的輔導與協助措施，探究這些措施對於台灣紡織業的發展是否有所助益，以及給予正面的效果？在目前紡織業的發展上國家是否仍扮演重要的角色？ 本文的研究發現：面臨紡織業發展上的困境，以及外移轉型的選擇，國家機關即使提供了若干的政策及計畫，可是成效卻是有限。本文認為，紡織業外移轉型的選擇與國家角色的式微是全球化趨勢的表徵，因為全球化使得國家能力與國家自主性減弱，無法如過去以強國家(Strong State)的型態保護與協助產業的成長；相較於廠商經過了國家機關過去的保護與協助以及資本積累的過程，可以運用比較利益尋求低廉的生產成本，或開拓市場等因素進行跨國的投資；進行轉業或轉投資也是廠商為尋求獲利而進行的自發性策略，並不需要國家機關的協助；在產業升級與提昇產品競爭力方面，雖然國家提供了諸多輔導與協助計畫和措施，亦有部分成效，但仍無法徹底改變台灣紡織業偏重製造但研發能力薄弱的生產結構。對照於過去台灣國家機關的角色，發現目前國家機關的角色在產業發展中有弱化的現象。 最後，本文將針對研究出的結果，提出研究發現及研究建議，認為在目前的國家機關不可能再扮演領導產業發展的角色，也無法扮演管制者的角色，而是作為輔導者與支持者的角色，提供產業發展良好的投資環境，協助方式上則是在不違反市場原則下，協助業者提升在市場上的競爭力。