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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
231

Crohn's disease with special reference to intestinal malabsorption : a clinical study based on patients from northern Sweden

Nyhlin, Henry January 1984 (has links)
Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease which may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract with a preference for the terminal ileum and ileocaecal region. The disease was first described in 1932 and has increased during the last decades. The clinical manifestations could be referred to as inflammation, malabsorption and obstruction. The annual incidence of Crohn's disease in the county of Västerbotten, North Sweden, was found to be 4.9/105 inhabitants. In a study of 87 patients in a medical gastrointestinal unit, 23% of non-operated patients and 66% of resected patients had increased fecal fat excretion. D-xylose test and lactose tolerance test were abnormal 1n 19% and 24% respectively of the non-operated patients. No clear relation could be found between the outcome of these malabsorption tests and localization, extension or activity of the disease. This suggests the cause of malabsorption 1n Crohn's disease to be complex and multi- factorial . The morphology of jejunal biopsies from 18 patients with Crohn's disease elsewhere 1n the gastrointestinal tract demonstrated an abnormal picture 1n 13 patients when assessed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A high proportion of these patients had abnormal Intestinal absorptive tests. Skeletal muscle biopsies were performed 1n 13 patients showing a depletion of muscle potassium content and more Infrequently low skeletal muscle magnesium content. This depletion 1s not reflected by subnormal plasma concentration. In the Initial clinical assessment of a new gamma labelled synthetic bile ac1d-SeHCAT, 45 patients, 19 of whom had Crohn's disease, were studied. The outcome of the test correlated well with the excretion of fecal bile acids. It was possible to discriminate patients with terminal Ileal disease from other patient groups. In a follow-up study, the SeHCAT test was modified as to make it simpler and to shorten the test period. Nine patients with Crohn's disease were tested, showing a suffi cent accuracy of the outcome of the test within 48 hours, using simple equipment available in many hospitals. The elimination of radioactivity was calculated as WBR50*» the time for 50% of the administered dose to be excreted. This gives information as to the rate of excretion, reflecting the degree of terminal ileal malfunction. / <p>S. 1-41: sammanfattning, s. 43-115: 5 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu
232

Régulation du trafic des protéines de la membrane apicale dans les cellules épithéliales polarisées humaines Caco-2/TC7 : Rôle du complexe Crumbs3A et de la Drebrine E2.

Vacca, Barbara 19 November 2012 (has links)
Des pathologies lourdes, telles que les dystrophies de la rétine et certains cancers, impliquent une désorganisation de l'épithélium et la famille Crb, dont la protéine apicale Crumbs3 (isoformes Crb3A et Crb3B) fait partie. Les protéines transmembranaires Crb possèdent un domaine intracellulaire fortement conservé et des partenaires communs. Il est donc essentiel de comprendre comment ces protéines Crb sont régulées afin de mieux appréhender ces pathologies. Pour cela, j'ai étudié le complexe de polarité apical Crb3A (Crb3A, Pals1, PATJ) impliqué dans l'établissement et le maintien de la polarité apico-basale. Je me suis, tout d'abord, intéressée à la régulation des isoformes de Crb3 par leurs partenaires (Pals1 et PATJ), puis, à la régulation des protéines de la membrane apicale, dont Crb3A, par la Drebrine E2, un nouveau partenaire de Crb3A impliqué dans l'organisation du cytosquelette d'actine et la morphogenèse apicale. Mon travail a permis de mettre en évidence: 1) la régulation de la dynamique membranaire des isoformes de Crb3 par PATJ dans les cellules Caco-2/TC7, une lignée épithéliale intestinale humaine, mais aussi, 2) d'identifier une nouvelle fonction de la Drebrine E2 dans la régulation du trafic de plusieurs protéines de la membrane apicale dans ces cellules, dont, par exemple, la DPPIV (DiPeptidyl Peptidase IV). Dans les cellules déplétées en Drebrine E2, l'expression des protéines apicales est diminuée et leur endocytose est augmentée, puis, elles sont relocalisées dans le compartiment majeur de dégradation, le lysosome. / Some serious diseases like retinal dystrophies and some cancers involve epithelial cells disorganization and the Crumbs (Crb) proteins family. The apical Crb3 (Crb3A and Cr3B isoforms) protein belongs to Crb family. The transmembrane proteins Crb have a conserved intracellular domain with common partners. It is unclear how Crb proteins are regulated by their partners and this information is required to better understand these pathologies. Here, we decided to study the apical polarity Crb3A complex (Crb3A, Pals1, PATJ) which is involved in apico-basal polarity establishment and maintenance. First, I investigated Crb3 isoforms regulation by their partners (Pals1 and PATJ). Then, I studied the regulation of apical membrane proteins, such as Crb3A, by Drebrin E2, a new partner of Crb3A which is involved in actin cytoskeleton remodeling and apical morphogenesis. During my thesis, I demonstrated: 1) the regulation of Crb3 isoforms dynamics by PATJ in Caco-2/TC7 human intestinal epithelial cells, but also, 2) a new function for Drebrin E2 in regulating the trafficking of apical membrane proteins, like DPPIV (DiPeptidyl Peptidase IV). In Drebrin E2 KD cells, apical membrane proteins expression is decreased and we observe an increased endocytosis. This leads to relocalization of the apical membrane proteins to the main degradative compartment, the lysosome. These new datas suggest a role for Drebrin E2 in the regulation of apical membrane proteins recycling pathway. The Drebrin E2 KD cells phenotype is reminiscent of the microvillar inclusions disease (MVID). Now, I am trying to investigate the link between theses pathways.
233

Comparação de Aspectos Microbiológicos, Patológicos e Zootécnicos entre frangos e perus de corte desafiados com Salmonella Heidelberg

Vellano, Igor Henrique Bastos. January 2019 (has links)
Orientador: Raphael Lucio Andreatti Filho / Resumo: O agronegócio representa uma fatia expressiva do PIB (produto interno bruto) nacional e no setor produtivo, frangos e perus de corte são responsáveis por boa parte da produção e exportação de produtos cárneos. A Salmonella spp. continua sendo uma toxinfecção alimentar de importância em saúde pública, sendo que nos últimos anos o sorovar Heidelberg (SH) vem ganhando destaque por sua característica mais invasiva, com plasmídeos responsáveis pela transmissão de genes de resistência. Ele também pode provocar danos à mucosa intestinal, semelhantes aos causados pelo sorovar Enteritidis (SE) e sua detecção pode ser realizada por cultivos microbiológicos e através de suabes, mesmo que estes apresentem uma baixa confiabilidade devido à excreção intermitente da bactéria. Devido a carência de informações a respeito da patogenia da SH em ambas as espécies, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a sensibilidade de frangos e perus de corte às ações da SH. / Abstract: Agribusiness represents a significant share of GDP (gross domestic product) national and the productive sector, broilers and turkeys are responsible for much of the production and export of meat products. Salmonella spp. continues to be a food poisoning of public health importance, and in recent years serovar Heidelberg (SH) has been highlighted by its more invasive characteristics, with plasmids responsible for the transmission of resistance genes. It can also cause damage to the intestinal mucosa, similar to those caused by serovar Enteritidis (SE), and their detection can be performed through swabs, even if they present a low reliability due to the intermittent excretion of the bacteria. Due to the lack of information about the pathogenicity in both species, the objective of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity of broilers and turkeys poults to SH actions. / Mestre
234

Influence des modalités d'exercices sur le microbiote intestinal et la masse grasse abdominale : interrelation intestin / tissu adipeux sur des modèles de pathologies inflammatoires. / Influence of physical activity on gut microbiota and abdominal fat mass : relationship between intestine and adipose tissue on models of inflammatory pathologies

Maillard, Florie 10 September 2018 (has links)
L’obésité et la maladie de Crohn (MC) sont deux pathologies inflammatoires chroniques caractérisées par un développement de la masse grasse viscérale et une dysbiose. L’activité physique (AP) impactant positivement ces deux paramètres, elle apparait donc comme une stratégie thérapeutique prometteuse dans la prise en charge de ces patients. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de ce travail était d’étudier l’effet de l’AP sur l’interaction microbiote-tissu adipeux. Sur un versant clinique, nos résultats ont confirmé l’efficacité de l’entrainement intermittent de haute intensité (HIIT) pour diminuer le tissu adipeux viscéral chez des sujets en surpoids et/ou obèses. Sur un modèle d’obésité génétique (rat Zucker), nos travaux ont montré que l’entraînement de type HIIT diminuait la masse grasse totale et viscérale mais cela indépendamment du microbiote intestinal. L’étude de la voie de la lipolyse a montré un effet anti-lipolytique du HIIT dans le tissu adipeux sous-cutané, pouvant ainsi partiellement expliquer la diminution du tissu adipeux viscéral. En outre, le HIIT améliore, pour une moindre durée de pratique (vs. l’entraînement continu d’intensité modérée), la tolérance au glucose et le statut inflammatoire. Dans un modèle d’inflammation intestinale mimant la MC, nous avons également mis en évidence que l’AP spontanée augmentait l’expression des protéines des jonctions serrées pouvant participer à la réduction de l'endotoxémie métabolique. En parallèle, l’AP spontanée favorise les bactéries bénéfiques pour la santé et augmente les niveaux de butyrate dans les selles. Ces adaptations participent à la réduction du tissu adipeux viscéral mésentérique caractérisant la MC. En conclusion, l’AP, à travers différentes modalités d’exercice, se révèle comme une « thérapie » attractive et innovante dans la prévention et/ou la prise en charge de ceux pathologies inflammatoires chroniques. / Obesity and Crohn's disease (CD) are two chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by development of visceral fat mass and dysbiosis. Physical activity (PA) has a positive impact on these two parameters. Consequently, PA appears as a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of these patients. In this context, the objective of this work was to study the effect of PA on the microbiota-adipose tissue cross-talk. Our clinical results confirmed the effectiveness of high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) to reduce visceral adipose tissue in overweight and/or obese volunteers. Then, using an animal model of genetic obesity (Zucker rats), we found that HIIT decreases total and visceral fat mass, independently of gut microbiota. Analysis of the lipolysis pathway showed an anti-lipolytic effect of HIIT in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, and this could explain the decrease in visceral adipose tissue. In addition, compared with continuous moderate intensity training, HIIT improved glucose tolerance and the inflammatory status despite the shorter exercise duration. Finally, in an animal model of CD, we found that spontaneous PA increased the expression of tight junction proteins, contributing to the reduction of metabolic endotoxemia. Concomitantly, spontaneous PA promoted healthy bacteria in the colon and increased fecal butyrate levels. These adaptations limited the expansion of mesenteric visceral adipose tissue, a typical CD feature. In conclusion, PA, through different exercise modalities, appears as an attractive and innovative « therapy » for these two chronic inflammatory diseases.
235

Fibra na dieta de poedeiras comerciais / Fiber in the diet of commercial laying hens

Leite, Brunna Garcia de Souza 24 August 2018 (has links)
O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão de fibra na dieta de poedeiras comerciais. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 416 poedeiras comerciais, da linhagem Lohmann LSL, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em quatro tratamentos com 13 repetições de oito aves em cada unidade experimental. Os níveis de fibra estudados consistiram em dietas com a inclusão de 0,0; 0,2; 1,0 e 2,0% de uma fonte comercial de fibra. O período experimental foi conduzido da 24ª a 40ª semana de idade das poedeiras, totalizando quatro ciclos de 28 dias cada. Os dados de desempenho produtivo (produção de ovos, consumo de ração, peso e massa de ovos, conversão alimentar por dúzia e por massa de ovos e percentagem de ovos vendáveis) e a qualidade de ovos (resistência da casca, coloração da gema, altura de albúmen, unidade Haugh e espessura de casca) foram avaliados ao final de cada ciclo de 28 dias. No final do experimento, uma ave por unidade experimental foi separada, para a obtenção dos dados de morfometria intestinal, em que foi retirado o trato intestinal para as avaliações de peso de moela, comprimento de intestino e altura das vilosidades e profundidade de cripta dos segmentos (duodeno, jejuno e íleo). Os dados experimentais do desempenho produtivo obtidos pela média do período experimental foram utilizados para a realização da análise econômica. Observou-se que no desempenho produtivo, os níveis de inclusão de 1,0 e 2,0% de fibra na dieta promoveram efeito significativo positivo sobre o peso e massa de ovos. Na qualidade de ovos os diferentes níveis de fibra apresentaram melhora sobre a resistência e espessura de casca. Na análise de morfometria intestinal observou que as aves alimentadas com diferentes níveis de fibra na dieta obtiveram maior comprimento de intestino, maior altura de vilosidade no jejuno e melhor relação altura da vilosidade:profundidade de cripta no íleo. Em relação à análise econômica o nível de inclusão de 0,2% de fibra na dieta obteve resultados iguais aos da dieta controle sobre custo total, custo total por ave e entre o custo total sobre a renda total. Concluindo-se que a inclusão de 1,0 e 2,0% de fibra na dieta de poedeiras pode causar efeitos positivos sobre os parâmetros de desempenho produtivo, qualidade de ovos e no desenvolvimento da mucosa intestinal. E pelo ponto de vista econômico a inclusão de 0,2% de fibra na dieta é mais viável. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fiber inclusion on the diet of laying hens. Therefore, 416 commercial laying hens of the Lohmann strain were distributed in a completely randomized design in four treatments with thirteen replicates of eight birds per experimental unit. The fiber levels studied consisted of diets with inclusion of 0,0; 0.2; 1,0 and 2,0% from a commercial source of fiber. The trial was conducted from the 24th to 40th week of birds\' age, totaling 4 cycles of 28 days each. The data of productive performance (egg production, feed intake, egg weight and mass, feed conversion per dozen and egg mass and percentage of salable eggs) and egg quality (eggshell strength, yolk color, albumen height, Haugh unit and eggshell thickness) were evaluated at the end of each 28-day cycle. At the end of the experiment, one bird per experimental unit was separated to obtain the intestinal morphometry data, in which the intestinal tract was removed for gizzard weight, intestine length and villus height and crypt depth of the segments (duodenum, jejunum and ileum). The experimental data of the productive performance obtained by the mean of the experimental period were used for the accomplishment of the economic analysis. It was observed that in the productive performance, inclusion levels of 1,0 and 2,0% of dietary fiber promoted a significant effect on egg weight and egg mass. In the egg quality the different levels of fiber presented improvement on the resistance and thickness of the shell. In the analysis of intestinal morphometry, it was observed that the birds fed different levels of fiber in the diet obtained a longer intestine length, a higher villus height in the jejunum and a better villus height ratio: crypt depth in the ileum. Regarding the economic analysis, the inclusion level of 0.2% fiber in the diet obtained results equal to the control diet over feeding cost, feeding cost per bird and between feeding cost over total revenue. It was concluded that the inclusion of fiber in the laying diet can cause positive effects on parameters of productive performance, egg quality and intestinal mucosa development. And from the economic point of view the inclusion of 0.2% fiber in the diet is more viable.
236

Efeito das fito-hemaglutininas de feijões (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) sobre a mucosa intestinal / Effects of phytohemagglutinins from phaseolus beans (P. vulgaris L.) on intestinal mucosa

Mancini Filho, Jorge 21 December 1982 (has links)
Não consta resumo na publicação / Biological and immunological properties of phytohemagglutins from two brazilian varieties of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were studied. Through immunoprecipitation in agar gel, immuoenzymatic assays (ELISA) and eletrophoretic behavior after affinity chromatography purification it was shown that the lectins are similar. Both lectins when given to rats are toxic. They reduce growth and intestinal dissacharidase activity. They also able to smooth the \"microvillous\" of the enterocyte and to induce the appearance of autophagosomes in the enterocyte citoplasm. All this modification result in a reduced rate of carbohydrates absorption either in \"vitro\" or \"in vivo\".
237

Desenvolvimento de novo método ex vivo para estudo da permeabilidade de fármacos utilizando epitélio intestinal de rã-touro (Rana catesbeiana) / Development of a new ex vivo method to study drugs permeability using intestinal epithelium of frog (Rana catesbeiana)

Monteiro, Talita Ferreira 07 December 2012 (has links)
Este trabalho teve como objetivo propor novo método para estudar a permeabilidade de fármacos, utilizando epitélio intestinal de rã-touro (Rana catesbeiana) em método ex vivo, empregando células de Franz. Por utilizar epitélio intestinal, um material de descarte proveniente de um animal utilizado como alimento humano, pode ser considerado um método alternativo, pois não implica no sacrifício de animais. A quantidade de fármaco permeada foi determinada por método de eletroforese capilar com detecção ultravioleta e validado para os antivirais lamivudina, zidovudina e aciclovir, na presença de metoprolol e floridizina. O fármaco escolhido como modelo nos ensaios de permeabilidade foi a lamivudina. Para estabelecimento do protocolo experimental dos estudos de permeabilidade, foi proposta uma análise de variância three-way para verificar a influência na permeabilidade dos fármacos, das seguintes variáveis: secção intestinal, pH da solução de Ringer e temperatura. Foram determinados a quantidade total de fármaco permeado (Qt), o coeficiente de permeabilidade aparente (Papp) e a constante de absorção de primeira ordem (ka). A partir da análise do planejamento experimental, os efeitos das variáveis não foram significativos, exceto para a secção intestinal. Os resultados de coeficiente de permeabilidade aparente (Papp) obtidos foram de 0,09 x 10-4 cm/s para lamivudina e de 0,22 x 10-4 cm/s para o metoprolol. O valor de Papp obtido de para o metoprolol é próximo dos valores encontrados na literatura para outras técnicas. Para a lamivudina, entretanto, a diferença encontrada em comparação às células Caco-2 pode ser devida às diferentes técnicas empregadas. / This work aimed to propose a new method for studying drug permeability using frog intestinal epithelium (Rana catesbeiana) in ex vivo method, using Franz cells. By using intestinal epithelium, a disposal material from an animal used as human food, can be considered an alternative method, because it doesn\'t involve the sacrifice of animals. The amount of permeated drug was determined by capillary electrophoresis method with UV detection and validated for antiviral drugs lamivudine, zidovudine and acyclovir in the presence of metoprolol and floridizina. The drug chosen as a model in permeability studies was lamivudine. To establish the experimental protocol for the permeability studies, a three-way analysis of variance was proposed to check the influence of intestinal section, pH of Ringer\'s solution and the temperature on the permeability. Total amount of drug permeated (Qt), apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) and first-order constant absorption (ka) were determined. By the analysis of experimental design, the effects of the variables were not significant, except for intestinal section. The results of apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) obtained were 0.09 x 10-4 cm/s for lamivudine and 0.22 x 10-4 cm/s for metoprolol. The value of Papp obtained for metoprolol is quite close to the values found in literature for other methods. For lamivudine, however, the difference found in comparison to Caco-2 cells may be due to different techniques.
238

Efeito da suplementação de uma substância simbiótica sobre a permeabilidade intestinal, a inflamação sistêmica, a cognição e sintomas depressivos em idosos da comunidade / Effects of nutritional supplementation with a synbiotic substance on the intestinal permeability, systemic inflammation, cognition and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling elderly.

Louzada, Eliana Regina 21 November 2017 (has links)
Objetivos: O presente trabalho é secundário a um estudo clínico randomizado, que teve por objetivos investigar os efeitos de uma substância simbiótica sobre a permeabilidade intestinal, a inflamação sistêmica, a cognição e sintomas depressivos em idosos. Métodos: quarenta e nove participantes, 65-90 anos de idade, ambos os gêneros, foram randomizados em dois grupos: grupo S (uso de simbióticos); e grupo P (uso de placebo). As seguintes avaliações foram realizadas no início e no final do experimento: Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS-15); Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM); % de gordura corporal (%gordura); citocinas pró-inflamatórias e regulatórias no soro (IL-6, TNF-&#945; e IL-10); e marcadores de permeabilidade intestinal no soro (DAO, IFABP e LPS). Resultados: A interação entre tempo e grupo mostrou maior redução do LPS no grupo P e maior aumento do IL-10 no grupo S. Considerando somente o fator tempo, ambos os grupos reduziram a %gordura, TNF-&#945; e DAO. O IL-6, o GDS-15 e MEEM aumentaram em ambos os grupos. O valor final de GDS-15 foi explicado negativamente por DAO, IL-10, TNF-&#945;, %gordura, ser mulher e estar alocado no grupo P. As variáveis que explicaram positivamente o valor final do GDS-15 foram IL-6, IFABP, e LPS. As variáveis positivamente associadas aos valores finais do MEEM foram IL-10, DAO, ser mulher e estar alocado no grupo P; foram encontradas associações negativas entre o MEEM e IL-6, TNF-&#945;, %gordura, IFABP e LPS. Foi discutida a possibilidade de alguma interferência dos medicamentos utilizados pelos idosos, nas variáveis de interesse do estudo. Conclusões: de acordo com nossas condições experimentais, foram encontrados efeitos sutis da suplementação de simbióticos sobre sintomas depressivos e cognição em idosos da comunidade, aparentemente saudáveis; entretanto, os efeitos sobre a cognição parecem ter sido mais otimistas. Estudos futuros, com indivíduos com diagnóstico de depressão ou de comprometimento cognitivo, poderão clarear questões levantadas no presente estudo. / Objectives: This secondary study from a randomized clinical trial aimed to investigate the effect of a synbiotic substance on intestinal permeability, systemic inflammation, cognition and depressive symptoms in elderly. Methods: Forty-nine participants, 65-90 years old, both genders, were randomly assigned into two groups: S-group (synbiotic); and P-group (placebo). Evaluations performed at the beginning and at the end of the experiment were: Geriatric Depressive Symptoms scale (GDS-15); Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE); % of body fat (%fat); pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines (serum IL-6, TNF-&#945; and IL-10); gut permeability (serum DAO, IFABP and LPS). Results: The interaction between time and group showed higher reduction of LPS in P-group and higher increase of IL-10 in S-group. Considering only time, both groups had reduced their %Fat, TNF-&#945; and DAO. The IL-6, GDS-15 and MMSE were increased in both groups. The GDS-15 final was negatively explained by DAO, IL-10, TNF-&#945;, %Fat, being woman and being allocated in P-group. The variables that positively explained the GDS-15final were the IL-6, the IFABP, and the LPS. The variables that were positively associated to MMSE final were the IL-10, DAO, being woman, and being allocated in P-group; The negative associations were IL-6, TNF-&#945;, %Fat, IFABP and LPS. We discussed the possibility of some interference of the medicines used by the elderly on our outcomes of interest. Conclusions: our experimental conditions demonstrated weak effects of synbiotic supplementation in the management of depressive symptoms or cognitive decline in apparently healthy elderly living in the community, although the effect on cognition seems to be more optimist. Other comparative studies, with individuals diagnosed as depressive morbidity or cognitive decline, may clarify our hypothesis.
239

Microbiota intestinal de pacientes portadores da Síndrome do Intestino Curto / Intestinal microbiota of patients with Short Bowel Syndrome

Furtado, Eduarda de Castro 01 October 2010 (has links)
Introdução: A Síndrome do Intestino Curto (SIC) é definida como um conjunto de sinais e sintomas conseqüentes de alterações nutricionais e metabólicas secundária a insuficiência intestinal funcional e/ou orgânica, como nos casos de grandes ressecções do intestino delgado. Ressecções intestinais eliminam sítios de colonização, alteram a área de absorção e, o uso freqüente de antibióticos devido a infecções recorrentes, presença de alimentos não digeridos no cólon, trânsito acelerado e diarréia, nestes mesmos pacientes, podem contribuir para a alteração da microbiota intestinal. Objetivo: Caracterizar a microbiota intestinal de pacientes portadores da Síndrome do Intestino Curto atendidos na Unidade Metabólica e do HCFMRP/USP. Casuística e Métodos: Foram recrutados os pacientes portadores de síndrome do intestino curto atendidos na Unidade Metabólica do HCFMRP/USP (uso de terapia nutricional parenteral). Para o grupo controle foram recrutados indivíduos sadios e eutróficos da comunidade e pareados segundo sexo e idade. Foram avaliadas amostras de fezes e exames bioquímicos, estes últimos foram somente dos pacientes. A avaliação do consumo alimentar foi feita por meio do inquérito Diário Alimenta e a avaliação do estado nutricional a partir de medidas antropométricas. Para detecção de cepas patogênicas foram realizados cultivos e testes bioquímicos específicos em meio aeróbio para determinação de espécies da família Enterobacteriaceae. Em cada cepa de E. coli isolada foram aplicados anti-soros para determinação de possível patogenicidade. Metodologia molecular também foi utilizada para determinação do perfil da microbiota intestinal bacteriana: sequenciamento de bibliotecas de DNAr 16S e PCR para detecção de genes característicos de cepas patogênicas de E. coli. Resultados: Verificou-se a presença de subnutrição protéico-calórica no grupo Paciente mesmo com terapia nutricional para recuperação deste estado nutricional. Quanto a microbiota, observou-se maior diversidade de Gram negativas, porém menor quantidade por grama de fezes da família Enterobacteriaceae em pacientes com SIC. Porém a análise molecular mostrou a manutenção na proporção de espécies bacterianas, equivalente a microbiota intestinal saudável. Conclusão: Apesar da subnutrição, retirada maciça do intestino delgado, uso freqüente de antibióticos, depressão do sistema imune, presença de alimentos não digeridos no trato gastrintestinal e transito intestinal acelerado, a relação e proporção entre as espécies bacterianas intestinais permanecem similares à normalidade. / Introduction The short bowel syndrome (SBS) is defined as a set of signs and symptoms resulting from nutritional and metabolic changes after major small bowel resections. Intestinal resections eliminate colonization sites and alter the absorption area. Besides, the frequent use of antibiotics due to recurrent infections, the presence of undigested food remaining in the intestinal tract, rapid transit and diarrhea in these same patients may contribute to the change of intestinal microbiota. Objective: To characterize the intestinal microbiota of patients with short bowel syndrome treated at the Metabolic Unit and HCFMRP / USP. Materials and Methods: We recruited all the patients with short bowel syndrome treated at the Metabolic Unit of HCFMRP / USP (use of parenteral nutrition therapy). The control group was composed by healthy individuals matched by age and sex. Samples of feces and biochemical tests from the patient group were evaluated. The control group had no biochemical tests, only feces samples to be analysed. The nutritional status was evaluated through anthropometric measurements and the assessment of food intake through food diary survey. The pathogenic strains from Enterobacteriaceae were detected by cultivation and specific biochemical tests in aerobic environment. In each strain of isolated E. coli antisera were applied for determination of pathogenicity. PCR analysis was also used to determine the profile of intestinal bacterial microbiota: sequencing libraries of 16S rDNA and PCR for detection of genes characteristic of pathogenic strains of E. coli. Results: Although receiving periodic parenteral nutrition the Patient group had protein-calorie malnutrition. In regards to the microbiota there was greater diversity, but lower concentration of the family Enterobacteriaceae in patients with SBS. However, the molecular analysis showed the a proportion of bacterial species equivalent to the intestinal flora from the control group. Conclusion: Although the protein-calorie malnutrition, massive resection of the small intestine, frequent use of antibiotics, immune system depression, presence of undigested food in the gastrointestinal tract and rapid intestinal transit rate, the ratio and the proportion of the intestinal bacterial species remain similar to normal.
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Ácidos orgânicos como alternativa ao uso de antimicrobiano melhorador de desempenho em frangos de corte / Organic acids as alternative to antimicrobial growth promoter in broilers

Franco, Luciana Gouvêa 14 September 2009 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação de diferentes associações de ácidos orgânicos como alternativa ao uso de antimicrobiano melhorador de desempenho em frangos de corte de 1 a 41 dias. Foram utilizadas 1296 aves distribuídas em blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos e seis repetições com 36 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram: controle negativo - dieta basal sem adição de antimicrobiano ou ácidos orgânicos; controle positivo - dieta basal com 0,005% de Halquinol, sem adição de ácidos orgânicos; dieta basal com 0,2% da Mistura A (ácidos orgânicos protegidos); dieta basal com 0,2% da Mistura A e 0,2% da Mistura B (ácidos orgânicos e sal ácido livres); dieta basal com 0,2% da Mistura A e 0,04% da Mistura C (ácidos orgânicos livres) adicionada na água de bebida; dieta basal com 0,4% da Mistura A. Foram avaliadas características de desempenho e morfologia intestinal das aves. O índice de conversão alimentar (CA) dos tratamentos com ácidos orgânicos foi significativamente (P=0,042) melhor do que a CA do controle positivo no período de 1 a 21 dias de idade. No período de 1 a 35 dias, o ganho de peso (GP) dos animais tratados com ácidos orgânicos foi significativamente maior (P=0,031) quando comparado aos animais que receberam o antimicrobiano. Para o ciclo completo de produção de 1 a 41 dias de idade, a associação das misturas de ácidos orgânicos protegidos adicionados na ração e ácidos orgânicos livres adicionados na água foi a mais eficiente comparado aos demais tratamentos em relação a CA (P=0,05 e P<0,05). Quanto a viabilidade e o índice de eficiência produtiva (IEP), ambos foram significativamente superiores (P = 0,008 e P = 0,007, respectivamente) para os animais suplementados com ácidos orgânicos quando comparados aos que receberam antimicrobiano. Avaliando a morfometria intestinal aos 7 dias, apenas a associação da mistura de ácidos protegidos com a mistura de ácidos livres fornecidos via ração, apresentou maior relação vilo:cripta (V:C) no jejuno (P = 0,017) comparado ao controle positivo. Não houve diferença significativa no duodeno e jejuno entre os demais tratamentos quanto a altura dos vilos, profundidade de criptas e V:C. Portanto, conclui-se que a suplementação de ácidos orgânicos pode ser uma alternativa viável aos antimicrobianos melhoradores de desempenho. / The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different associations of organic acids supplementation as alternative to antimicrobial growth promoter in broilers from 1 to 41 days. It was conducted an experiment with 1296 birds distributed in a randomized block design with six treatments and six replications of 36 chicks each. The treatments were: negative control basal diet without antimicrobial and acids; positive control basal diet with 0.005% of Halquinol without acids; basal diet with 0.2% of Mixture A (blend of protected organic acids); basal diet with 0.2% of Mixture A and 0.2% of Mixture B (blend of free organic acids and salt acid); basal diet with 0.2% of Mixture A and 0.04% of Mixture C (blend of free organic acids) added in drinking water; basal diet with 0.4% of Mixture A. Performance and intestinal morphometry were evaluated. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of organic acids treatments were significantly better (P = 0.042) than positive control at 21 days. Evaluating the period from 1 to 35 days, the body weight gain (BWG) of the birds treated with organic acids were significantly higher (P = 0.031) than birds that received antibiotic. Considering the total period of rearing from 1 to 41 days, the association of protected organic acids added in feed with free organic acids added in drinking water was the most efficient in FCR compared to the others treatments (P=0.05 and P<0.05). Concerning viability and production efficiency index (PEI), both were significantly higher (P = 0.008 and P = 0.007, respectively) for the organic acid treatments than positive control. Evaluating intestinal morphometry at 7 days, only the association of protected blend with free organic acids blend supplied by feed had significantly higher villi:crypt ratio (V:C) (P = 0.017) in jejunum compared with positive control. There were no significantly differences in duodenum and jejunum between the other treatments concerning villi height, crypt depth and V:C. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that organic acids supplementation could be an feasible alternative to antimicrobials growth promoter.

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