Abstrakt  Invandringen till Sverige har medfört ett högt tryck på skolorna, vilket leder till att elever som inte har svenska som modersmål ofta har svårt att nå kunskapsmålen i SO. Detta skriver vi mer om i inledningen. Frågeställningen behandlar SO-lärares upplevelser i årskurserna 4–6 gällande elever som inte har svenska som modersmål. Syftet är att förbättra undervisningen för eleverna och öka medvetenheten inom detta område för aktuella och blivande SO-lärare. Under rubrikerna teoretiska perspektiv och tidigare forskning har vi sammanställt vilka perspektiv vi har haft i åtanke under studiens gång, samt vilka teorier och begrepp andra forskare har ansett vara av vikt för andraspråkselevers framgång. Vidare har kvalitativa metoder beskrivits för vår studie, där urval och etiska principer ingår. Semistrukturerade intervjuer har varit det val som vi ansåg vara mest förnuftigt. Material och tillvägagångssätt redovisas där, med bland annat intervjufrågorna som hade förberetts. Resultatet från intervjuerna analyseras och tolkas med hjälp av de teoretiska perspektiven vi har använt oss av, innan vi besvarar frågeställningen och diskuterar resultatet.

Under de senaste årtiondena har mångkulturalitet och flerspråkighet ökat i skolorna i såväl Sverige som internationellt. Studiens syfte är att identifiera vilka hinder som andraspråkselever frekvent möter i grundskolans matematikundervisning. Utgångspunkt i studien är frågeställningen: Vilka utmaningar och hinder möter andraspråkselever i grundskolans matematikundervisning? För att besvara frågan har vi systematiskt tagit fram, analyserat och sammanställt tidigare forskning. Vår slutsats indikerar att andraspråkselevers situation i klassrummen inte alltid bemöts utifrån de styrdokument skolan och lärarna har att förhålla sig till. Detta beror möjligtvis på att lärarna inte besitter den kompetens som krävs för att bemöta dessa elever, utifrån eventuella språkliga och kulturella hinder. Flertalet forskare konstaterar att den största orsaksfaktorn till att hinder uppstår för andraspråkselever i matematiken, är bristande kunskaper i undervisningsspråket. Vi har emellertid stött på flera forskningsstudier som pekar på olika diskurser samt lärares kompetens och förmåga att anpassa undervisningen, som viktigare faktorer än elevernas språkliga kunskaper. De skilda resultaten tros bero på det faktum att området inte är särskilt väl beforskat. Uppfattningen är att mer forskning behöver utföras kring just de hinder som uppstår och varför. Genom bredare och djupare kunskap om dessa hinder och diskurser, ges lärare större möjlighet att skapa gynnsam språkutvecklande undervisning och en skola för alla. / In recent decades multiculturalism and multilingualism have increased in schools in both Sweden as well as internationally. The purpose of the study is to identify obstacles frequently encountered by second language students, learning mathematics in compulsory school. The study is based on the question: What challenges and obstacles do second language students encounter in compulsory school mathematics. To answer this question, we have conducted systematic searches, analyzed, and compiled previous research. Our conclusion indicates that the second language students' situation in the classroom is not always governed by the regulatory documents that the school and teachers must relate to. It is possible that the teachers do not possess the necessary competence to acknowledge these students' linguistic and/or cultural obstacles in speaking a second language in school education. Most researchers concur that the largest determining factor in hindering second language students in mathematics is a lack of knowledge of the school official language. We have however encountered several research articles that indicate different discourses and teachers’ skills and ability to adapt the teaching, as more key factors than linguistic knowledge itself. The differing opinions are believed to be, since this area is not well researched. The general perception is that more research needs to be conducted concerning these obstacles that emerge and why they emerge at all. Through a broader and deeper understanding about the obstacles and discourses, teachers are given a greater opportunity to establish a favorable language developing education and a school for everyone.

Syftet med studien är att belysa och bidra till kunskap om lärares strategier för andraspråkselevers språkutveckling i matematikundervisningen. Intentionen är vidare att belysa de förutsättningar lärare erbjuds och har, för att detta ska vara möjligt. Studien är därmed gjord utifrån ett lärarperspektiv. För att besvara frågeställningen har en kombination av kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder använts för att samla in empiri, där sammanlagt 127 verksamma matematiklärare i grundskolan har deltagit. Ramverket utgår dels från det sociokulturella perspektivet som innefattar begreppen Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) och stöttning, dels från translanguaging som ligger utanför valt teoretiskt perspektiv. Forskning visar att tvåspråkighet och translanguaging kan användas som resurs för att främja elevernas resultat och utveckling inom matematik. Utifrån frågeställningen “Vilka strategier använder lärare i grundskolan och vilka förutsättningar har de för att främja andraspråkselevers språkutveckling i matematikundervisningen?” visar de huvudsakliga resultaten att translanguaging tillåts i viss mån i klassrummen men förefaller sig inte uppmuntras av studiens deltagande lärare. Bristande kunskaper i elevernas modersmål samt prioritering av användningen av det svenska språket framlyfts som anledningar till detta. Sammanfattningsvis visade resultaten att användandet av modersmålet som resurs, lärande i interaktion med andra, samt stor lärarkompetens, var frekvent förekommande strategier för språkutvecklande matematikundervisning. Vidare belyste lärarnas utsagor en stor kunskapslucka och önskemål om kompetensutveckling. Övergripande slutsats är att det finns behov av kompetensutveckling i språkutvecklande matematikundervisning.

<p>Our work is based on a mathematics test which the students accomplished, interviews with student and teachers who are working on this program and the current literatures. The purposes of this work are to search the importance and the effect of the languages understanding in students learning of mathematic in the Individual high school curriculum. In total, sex students and three teachers took part in our study. Tow of the students is mother tongue language student and the remains are second language student. Our study should answer tow important questions:</p><p>• Do the student in the Individual high school curriculum have the fundamental knowledge in mathematic?</p><p><em><strong></strong></em></p><p>• How does the understanding of Swedish language effect in the understanding of the mathematic problems and in the students results in mathematic test?</p><p><em><strong></strong></em></p><p>In order to answer those questions, the students have to complete a mathematic test that consists of four parts. To answer the first questions the student must finish the first three parts of the test. It is about how to calculate addition, subtraction, multiplication and divisions problems and to account number in decimal and break shape. The mother tongue language student passed the test with excellence degree and they refused doing the fourth part. It was voluntary to participate and for this we couldn’t change there mind. Two students didn’t pass this test and they can not complete the fourth part. From the interviews we know that they have problem with concentration, they have ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder) and DAMP. For this they didn’t participate in the forth part. </p><p>Just two students finished the fourth part and they passed it with good degree. To analyse the difference in the test results between the students, we make some interviews with teachers and students in the IV program. From the final results of the test and interviews, we realized that the second language students’ difficulties are depended on the defect in the vocabulary in Swedish language, defect in understanding of concepts and expressions and some others factors which can effect in students learning.</p>

Our work is based on a mathematics test which the students accomplished, interviews with student and teachers who are working on this program and the current literatures. The purposes of this work are to search the importance and the effect of the languages understanding in students learning of mathematic in the Individual high school curriculum. In total, sex students and three teachers took part in our study. Tow of the students is mother tongue language student and the remains are second language student. Our study should answer tow important questions: • Do the student in the Individual high school curriculum have the fundamental knowledge in mathematic? • How does the understanding of Swedish language effect in the understanding of the mathematic problems and in the students results in mathematic test? In order to answer those questions, the students have to complete a mathematic test that consists of four parts. To answer the first questions the student must finish the first three parts of the test. It is about how to calculate addition, subtraction, multiplication and divisions problems and to account number in decimal and break shape. The mother tongue language student passed the test with excellence degree and they refused doing the fourth part. It was voluntary to participate and for this we couldn’t change there mind. Two students didn’t pass this test and they can not complete the fourth part. From the interviews we know that they have problem with concentration, they have ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder) and DAMP. For this they didn’t participate in the forth part.  Just two students finished the fourth part and they passed it with good degree. To analyse the difference in the test results between the students, we make some interviews with teachers and students in the IV program. From the final results of the test and interviews, we realized that the second language students’ difficulties are depended on the defect in the vocabulary in Swedish language, defect in understanding of concepts and expressions and some others factors which can effect in students learning.

The study focused on the student service related problems of culturally distinct groups of students attending a community college. The groups selected for the study were sixty international students and sixty English as a Second Language students. The researcher administered the Michigan International Student Problem Inventory, an instrument which has been widely used to indicate foreign students' problems. Combining the use of naturalistic research methodology, the researcher utilized an indepth interview to document the problems they were facing. Patterns and trends among the problems were analyzed and reported. The results indicated that many international students experienced concerns in the area of financial aid, had difficulties with some of the immigration regulations and work restrictions, and experienced forms of racial and social discrimination. The English as a Second Language students tended to experience most difficulties in the area of English language functioning but also experienced problems related to academic functioning and making friends. The student service areas most closely related to the international students' concerns were Financial Aids, Admissions, Placement, Counseling, and English Language Services. English as a Second Language students' problems were most closely related to the areas of English Language Services, Admissions, Counseling, and Academic Advisement. Recommendations generated by the study include the development of a new instrument to include topics generated by the students in the open-ended section of the questionnaire, a translation of the instrument into the major languages of the English as a Second Language population, and the need for future research on subgroups of the populations who indicated a greater number of problems than the others. Institutional recommendations are included which focus on how the college could address the problems which the students identified.

This study aims to investigate how a number of students who are at the end of a teachers’ educations program in social studies, geography, religion and history interpret that the national curriculums states that every teacher is responsible for students language development and should be supportive of language backgrounds. In the light of the curriculums the study explores how the teacher education students feel that the education has prepared them for teaching children with Swedish as a second language. The study also examines how the teacher education students think that the teacher education could improve in matters like preparing future teachers to teach social studies, geography, religion and history to second language children. The study is based on interviews with seven university students and shows that they feel a responsibility to develop their future students’ language. It also shows that the teacher education students don’t experience that their education has addressed these challenges. The study also reveals that the participants understand the difficulties with teaching second language students. A lot of their thoughts on the subject are similar to what previous research stresses as central to teaching these students despite that the teacher education students don’t feel prepared. The question of possible improvement in the teacher education shows that the participants in the study believe that there is room for improvement in the teacher education regarding second language students.

Läsförståelse är en av de viktigaste kunskaperna elever behöver ha med sig i sin skolgång där de enligt läroplanen ska möta olika typer av texter, bland annat faktatexter. Utan förståelse för texten blir innehållet bara sidor med ord utan innebörd. För SvA-elever är detta speciellt påtagligt. För att förstå textens innehåll behöver eleven ha förkunskap om innehållet. För att utveckla SvA-elevers läsförståelse kan läraren arbeta med olika metoder för förkunskapsarbete. Denna studie undersöker förkunskapsarbetets betydelse för SvA-elevers läsförståelse av faktatext i åk 3. Den baseras på ett experiment med tre grupper SvA-elever om deras förkunskapsarbete och läsförståelse av faktatext. Studiens syfte är att studera utfallen av läsförståelse av faktatext dels utan förkunskapsarbete dels med förkunskapsarbete i bildstödsprogrammet Symwriter och med lärares synonymer, gester och omformuleringar. Efter experimentet har en intervju gjorts med SvA-läraren om hur hon arbetar med förkunskap för läsförståelse. Resultatet visar att förkunskaparbete ger eleverna ökad läsförståelse. Metoderna för förkunskapsarbete i experimentet visade på liknande resultat.

This thesis deals with the integration of the cross-curricular topic of personality and social education into the teaching Czech as a foreign language for pupils of the elderly school age, especially at the second level of elementary schools and in grammar schools. The first part introduces personality and social education, its aims and its importance in learning. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with the teaching and integration of pupils of elderly school age with a different mother tongue in the Czech educational environment. The second part of the thesis contains a description of model teaching lessons combining the teaching of the Czech language with personal and social objectives and their evaluation. Another content of this diploma thesis is a set of other activities that teachers can use to integrate personal and social education into the teaching of Czech as a foreign language and possible suggestions as to work with personal and social education in teaching Czech as a foreign language. The aim of the diploma thesis is to make a proposal to involve the methods of personality and social education in the teaching of Czech as a foreign language in order to develop together with the language competence also the self-awareness and cultural awareness of the pupils and to offer activities...

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / RESUMO A motivaÃÃo para desenvolver essa pesquisa originou-se do fato de que os alunos nÃo aprendiam InglÃs na sala de aula, em uma escola pÃblica de Campo Grande (MS), em 2002. A questÃo principal para esse estudo foi: Por que os alunos nÃo aprendem InglÃs no Ensino Fundamental? E os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: mostrar as expectativas dos alunos, com relaÃÃo ao processo de ensino e de aprendizagem do InglÃs, analisar as falas dos professores sobre os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem da LÃngua Inglesa e de suas prÃticas pedagÃgicas. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram: alunos e professores da 8 sÃrie do Ensino Fundamental da rede pÃblica e particular de Campo Grande-MS. O instrumento para anÃlise dos dados coletados constituiu-se na tÃcnica da AnÃlise de ConteÃdo. A anÃlise dos dados levantados mostrou que os alunos nÃo sabem porque aprendem o InglÃs, nÃo tÃm posicionamentos ou justificativas, quanto ao significado de aprender esta lÃngua-alvo e a maioria deles ainda afirma que nÃo gosta da maneira como o seu professor ensina este idioma. Os professores tambÃm revelam que desconhecem as normatizaÃÃes que determinam o ensino de InglÃs nas escolas e que nÃo tÃm um referencial teÃrico definido para orientar a prÃtica docente. O estudo possibilitou-me atingir alguns âpontos de chegadaâ, como por exemplo: indicaÃÃes de que os alunos nÃo agÃentam mais aprender o InglÃs pela abordagem tradicional do ensino de idiomas e que a aÃÃo do professor de LÃngua Inglesa precisa ser norteada por uma prÃtica crÃtico-reflexiva que o possibilita a reconhecer o que està fazendo em sala de aula e mudar sua aÃÃo pedagÃgica se necessÃrio for, diante das expectativas e necessidades dos seus alunos. / ABSTRACT The motivation for this research was the fact that the students didnât learn English in the classroom at a public school in 2002. The main question for this research was: Why havenât the students learned English at the end of the Junior High School? So, the aims of this research were: show the studentâs expectations towards the English Teaching and Learning Process and analyzing the speech of their teachers about the English Learning Acquisition Process and the English Teaching Process and also their practice in the classroom. The ones who got involved in this research were students and teachers respectively from the 8th grade of a public and private Junior High Schools in Campo Grande-MS. The used methodological tool for this research was the Analyses of the Speech. Some of the found results were: the results from the interviews with the students showed that they donât know why they learn English and they donât have explanations for the meaning of this foreign language in their curriculum. The majority of the students say that they donât like the way how their teachers teach this target language. And the results from the interviews with the teachers showed that they donât know the legal rules that guide their English Teaching Practice and the meaning of having a theoretical pedagogic way to guide them in the classroom. Besides, the results also showed me that the English Teaching Practice (the tradicional one) need to be changed towards a Reflective Teaching Practice for helping the teacher to think what he had been doing at the classroom and change his pedagogic way to the studentâs necessities, if itâs necessary, in any time.