This essay will describe the working method of wage subsidies at the Employment Service and provide an insight into how legal these decisions are in Västra Götalandslän. Through qualitative interviews, prosecutors at the Swedish Employment Service have described the process how a wage subsidy is taken at the employment service. In addition, Lennart Lundqvist's theory of "our public ethos" in which the paper sets the ethics of ethics to see how legal the process is in decision making. The conclusion was that the workforce's workforce could be further improved in order to be able to be more confident.

Uppsatsen utforskar några omständigheter kring vilka de omfattande förändringarna i Stockholms centrala delar vid mitten av 1900-talet dokumenterats, i första hand genom fotografiska bilder. I de "minnesböcker" där dessa bilder står i förgrunden får "Klarakvarteren" i en viss mening stå som symbol för det moderna Stockholm i och med anläggandet av den nya centralstationen på 1870-talet, samt genom att utgöra den självklara platsen för otaliga tidningsredaktioner, hotell och kaféer. Som sinnebilden för det moderna stadslivet i Stockholm är "Klarakvarteren" förbundna med en annan viktig aspekt av moderniteten: den fotografiska bilden. "Klarakvarteren" finns idag, i spåren efter den omfattande omdaningen av stadskärnan, i allt väsentligt enbart kvar som minnesbilder i form av text och fotografier. Genom att undersöka en i sammanhanget central fotografisk bok, med en längre essä av Per Wästberg tillika fotografier av Lennart af Petersens, som i många år arbetat som fotograf för Stockholms stad, hoppas föreliggande uppsats kunna väcka frågor kring hur minnen, fotografier och tillvaron i den moderna staden kan sägas gå samman i dessa "minnesböcker" som publicerats under, liksom efter, dessa storskaliga arkitektoniska förändringar. / This essay explores some of the circumstances under which the extensive changes in central Stockholm in the mid 20th century were documented, primarily by means of photographic pictures. In a certain sense, "Klarakvarteren" stands as a symbol of  modernity, and in certain books featuring these documentary photographs "Klarakvarteren" has, as such, been epitomized as the centre of modern Stockholm following the construction of the new Central station in the 1870s, in addition to being the obvious location of numerous editorial offices and many hotels and cafés. As a symbol of modern city life in Stockholm, "Klarakvarteren" also relates to another key feature of modernity: the photographic image. Following the total reconstruction of the city centre, "Klarakvarteren" in this day essentially consists of memory images in the form of texts or photographs. In examining a central photographic book featuring an extensive essay by author Per Wästberg as well as pictures by Lennart af Petersens, long in service as photographer with the City of Stockholm, this essay hopes to uncover how certain questions of memory, photographic images and modern urban life are intertwined in respect to these "memory books" published during, as well as after, these large-scale architectural changes.

<p>Uppsatsen ingår i Skapande svenska C, 30 hp inom ämnet Litteraturvetenskap vid Umeå universitet</p>

Denna uppsats undersöker de fem svenska utgåvorna av Ett barn blir till från 1965, 1976, 1990, 2003 och 2009 för att se hur den gravida kvinnan skildras i relation till medicinska yrkesgrupper och ny teknik. Genom att studera samtliga utgåvor har det varit möjligt att belysa en förändring över tid när det gäller skildringen av kvinnan, medicinen och tekniken. Det har blivit tydligt att medicinsk paternalism till stor det har övergetts för ett ökat patientperspektiv, och att de senare utgåvorna av boken tecknar en bild av mödravården istället för ett porträtt av en enskild läkare. Skildringen av den nya tekniken synliggör dels en distansering mellan kvinnan och hennes upplevelse av att vara gravid, och dels en fascination för teknikens möjligheter. De nya reproduktiva teknikerna leder dock till en ökad betoning på den heterosexuella kärleken och innebär inte någon förändring i kvinnans roll i boken. Uppsatsen visar på att det finns ett dokumentärt anspråk i Ett barn blir till och att fotografierna i kombination med text utger sig för att skildra verkligheten så som den är och att detta innebär en maktfaktor.

The discussion on whether the aesthetics or the pedagogy of children´s literature is the most important trait of the genre has been going on for quite some time. As children´s literature rose from a will to educate it is argued that pedagogy is forever imbued in the literature that addresses the child as its main reader. Literary scholars voices concern that the discussions about aesthetic expressions are being shunned in favor of that of educational values but does one exclude the other? In this essay I focus on two of Swedens most prominent authors of children´s literature, Lennart Hellsing and Ulf Stark. They are both part of the aesthetics/pedagogy debate, in their fictional works for children as well as with articles and essays on the subject. And even though they have similar standpoints regarding children´s literature their main directives with their own works differ. While Hellsing, an aesthetically oriented author has pedagogy as his foremost objective, Stark vehemently dissociates himself from that point of view thinking that literature for children should  aim to be literature for literature´s sake. In this essay I try to find the opposite directives of these two writers in their own stories for children, that is to say pedagogic designs in Stark´s Liten och Stark and aesthetic intentions in Hellsings Krakel Spektakel-boken.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how public ethos is expressed and articulated by public employees. Lennart Lundqvist’s theory of Public ethos and Max Weber’s theory of Bureaucracy was chosen as a theoretical starting point, based on the purpose of this study. The analysis is based on 8 qualitative interviews with public employees reasoning about public values. The overall data that was collected focused on what type of public values become expressed and articulated by public employees. The result shows that parts of a public ethos are expressed through a stance on what is right and wrong in everyday stories about work situations, and that it is not part of everyday life for public employees to talk in their workplace about the values that govern their practical work. Furthermore, the result points at a third public value; ethics of care, and the authors suggest that it might be equally included alongside the democratic and economic values in a contemporary public ethos.

<p>Obemannade flygplan med attackförmåga (UCAV) används i allt större utsträckning i konflikter idag. En av de främsta fördelarna med dessa är att det inte finns någon risk att mista en pilot, då dessa är fjärstyrda. I attacker utförda av amerikanska UCAV:er i framför allt Afghanistan och Pakistan, har collateral damage inträffat vid ett flertal tillfällen. Det innebär att civila oavsiktligt fallit offer för attacker. Enligt krigets lagar kan sådana händelser rättfärdigas av att militär nödvändighet föreligger, men det är tveksamt om det går att hävda det när man inte riskerar egna förluster. Detta innebär i så fall att collateral damage alltid är krigsbrott när det orsakats av UCAV. Då är det viktigt att det går att utkräva ansvar ur obemannade system och det finns farhågor att ansvarsförhållandena blir otydligare när det inte sitter en pilot i flygplanet som ”trycker på knappen”. Men så länge den obemannade farkosten fjärrstyrs och besluten tas av en människa går det inte att se några skillnader i möjligheten till ansvarsutkrävande från bemannade system.</p> / <p>The use of Unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAV) has seen an increasing use in modern conflicts. One of the main advantages of these is the fact that there is no risk of losing a pilot, as the aircraft are remote-controlled. The attacks carried out by U.S. UCAVs in Afghanistan and Pakistan have resultet in a number of incients with collateral damage. According to the laws of war, only military necessity can justify such incidents and it is highly doubtful if you can claim such necessity when you do not risk any loss of life yourself. This would mean that collateral damage caused by UCAVs automatically becomes a war crime. This raises the issue of accountability and wether it is possible to extract such from unmanned systems. There are fears that this would be difficult when no pilot is present in the aircraft to ”pull the trigger”. However, as long as operators remotely control the unmanned aircraft and the decision to release weapons in anger are made by humans, there are no differences to be found in terms of accountability between manned and unmanned systems.</p>

Obemannade flygplan med attackförmåga (UCAV) används i allt större utsträckning i konflikter idag. En av de främsta fördelarna med dessa är att det inte finns någon risk att mista en pilot, då dessa är fjärstyrda. I attacker utförda av amerikanska UCAV:er i framför allt Afghanistan och Pakistan, har collateral damage inträffat vid ett flertal tillfällen. Det innebär att civila oavsiktligt fallit offer för attacker. Enligt krigets lagar kan sådana händelser rättfärdigas av att militär nödvändighet föreligger, men det är tveksamt om det går att hävda det när man inte riskerar egna förluster. Detta innebär i så fall att collateral damage alltid är krigsbrott när det orsakats av UCAV. Då är det viktigt att det går att utkräva ansvar ur obemannade system och det finns farhågor att ansvarsförhållandena blir otydligare när det inte sitter en pilot i flygplanet som ”trycker på knappen”. Men så länge den obemannade farkosten fjärrstyrs och besluten tas av en människa går det inte att se några skillnader i möjligheten till ansvarsutkrävande från bemannade system. / The use of Unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAV) has seen an increasing use in modern conflicts. One of the main advantages of these is the fact that there is no risk of losing a pilot, as the aircraft are remote-controlled. The attacks carried out by U.S. UCAVs in Afghanistan and Pakistan have resultet in a number of incients with collateral damage. According to the laws of war, only military necessity can justify such incidents and it is highly doubtful if you can claim such necessity when you do not risk any loss of life yourself. This would mean that collateral damage caused by UCAVs automatically becomes a war crime. This raises the issue of accountability and wether it is possible to extract such from unmanned systems. There are fears that this would be difficult when no pilot is present in the aircraft to ”pull the trigger”. However, as long as operators remotely control the unmanned aircraft and the decision to release weapons in anger are made by humans, there are no differences to be found in terms of accountability between manned and unmanned systems.

The dissertation deals with the Municipal Theatre of Göteborg with special reference to the period between 1967 and 1971, during which the group theatre developed and paved the way for a repertoire of social criticism. The theatre debate is viewed against the background of the socio-economic, ideo­logical, and cultural development of the 1960,s. After describing conditions at the Municipal Theatre of Göteborg under Mats Johansson's management from 1962 onwards, the study concentrates on analysing three group theatre plays produced by Lennart Hjulström: Flotten (spring 1967) by Kent Andersson, Hemmet (autumn 1967) by Kent Andersson and Bengt Bratt, and Sandlådan (autumn 1968) by Kent Andersson. The first play thematizes the ideological confusion of the middle-aged generation, the second the disappointment of the aged at the betrayal of socialist ideals, and the third the manipulative repression of children's education. A series of stagings with strong elements of social criticism caused a long and intense debate in the summer of 1969 about both the repertoire and the internal conditions of the Municipal Theatre. In spring, 1971, Kent Andersson and Bengt Bratt wrote Tillståndet (an ambiguous title meaning both 'condition' and 'permission'), by which the authors intended to ex­pose the repressive tolerance of bourgeois society. This play functions as an evaluation of both the group theatre period and the situation of the theatre as a whole, and it is therefore analysed in a metaperspective. It also functions as a summary of the criticism of the Swedish welfare state. / digitalisering@umu

The aim of this study is to investigate the dossier and delegation selections’ pros and cons and examine how the Swedish Migration Agency, in collaboration with UNHCR, work to ensure impartiality and efficiency. The study is based on two theories: the main one is Lennart Lundquist’s theory of democratic and economic values, which we combine with Michael Lipsky’s theory of “street-level bureaucrats” with the bottom-up perspective. By interviewing six people, differently involved in the selection of quota refugees - experts as well as administrators and managers - we arrive at the result that there are both positive and negative parts of the selections and both methods are needed. Democratic and economic values make the foremost sense and we have found that the Swedish Migration Agency works in a way to find a balance between them. This study provides practical knowledge concerning challenges the people working within this area might meet and how they work to solve them. Hopefully, it will inspire people to do more research within this area of interests for a more effective, democratic and equitable selection of quota refugees in the future.