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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
151

Essays on Market Structure and Technological Innovation

Anderson, Benjamin Christopher 26 September 2011 (has links)
No description available.
152

Determiner removal in Balinese nonpivot agents

Driemel, Imke, Tebay, Sören E. 05 January 2024 (has links)
Patient-voice clauses within the symmetric voice system of Balinese disallow any extraction from the external-argument position, while definite external arguments are blocked from occurring altogether. The former fact is traditionally taken as evidence for syntactic ergativity in Austronesian. The latter fact has recently been argued to provide evidence for postsyntactic case licensing via adjacency with the verb. In this article, we offer a simple alternative explanation for the in-situ properties of patient-voice agents in Balinese—one that does not make reference to case.We argue that patient-voice heads come with a feature that triggers removal of the external argument’s DP shell, resulting in the loss of a determiner and a category-D feature that would otherwise enable extraction.
153

Ethical tissue: a not-for-profit model for human tissue supply

Adams, Kevin, Martin, Sandie W. 08 September 2010 (has links)
No / Following legislative changes in 2004 and the establishment of the Human Tissue Authority, access to human tissues for biomedical research became a more onerous and tightly regulated process. Ethical Tissue was established to meet the growing demand for human tissues, using a process that provided ease of access by researchers whilst maintaining the highest ethical and regulatory standards. The establishment of a licensed research tissue bank entailed several key criteria covering ethical, legal, financial and logistical issues being met. A wide range of stakeholders, including the HTA, University of Bradford, flagged LREC, hospital trusts and clinical groups were also integral to the process.
154

Gestão do patrimônio arqueológico em contexto minerário: construindo um modelo a partir do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro

Morais, Filipe de 12 August 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Filipe de Morais.pdf: 3048561 bytes, checksum: 3c1d6e23425b634478fbddc8f4af6ded (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-12 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo / This dissertation, entitled Management of Archaeological Heritage in a Mining Context: Building a Model from the Brazilian Legal System", aims to propose a technical-scientific model for environmental licensing of potentially harmful mining activities regarding the speleological heritage in cases where it contains evidence of archaeological materials (lithics, ceramics, hearths or rock art) showing the presence of ancient indigenous occupations. Based on discussion of the theoretical, conceptual, methodological and legal bases, the text focuses on the possible interaction between the speleological comprising aspects of the physical and biotic environment, as natural environmental assets and the archaeological heritage comprising the signatures anthropogenic the past, such as cultural environmental assets. From this point of view, we propose a technical-scientific model for cultural resource management studies linked to environmental licensing of mining activities that may impact the natural cavities as natural and cultural environmental assets / Esta dissertação de mestrado intitulada Gestão do Patrimônio Arqueológico em Contexto Minerário: construindo um modelo a partir do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro tem por objetivo construir e propor um modelo técnico-científico para o licenciamento ambiental de empreendimentos minerários potencialmente lesivos ao patrimônio ambiental espeleológico qualificado pela presença de evidências ou indícios de materiais arqueológicos (líticos, cerâmicas, estruturas de combustão ou arte rupestre) que demonstram a presença de antigas ocupações indígenas. A partir da discussão das bases teóricas, conceituais, metodológicas e jurídicas, o texto foca a interação possível entre o patrimônio espeleológico que compreende os aspectos do meio físico e biótico, como bens ambientais naturais e o patrimônio ambiental arqueológico que compreende as assinaturas antrópicas do passado, como bens ambientais culturais. A partir dessa colocação, é proposto um modelo técnico-científico para os estudos de arqueologia preventiva vinculados ao licenciamento ambiental de empreendimentos minerários que possam impactar as cavidades naturais como bens patrimoniais ambientais naturais e culturais
155

智慧財產權授權與高科技事業經營策略-以專利權為中心

洪健雄, Hung,Chien-Hsiung Unknown Date (has links)
長期以來,商業交易多半是單純為取得某種物品或權利,由交易雙方協商並訂立合約,如買方為取得房地而願給付價金,賣方為取得金錢乃願出售房屋。然而二十世紀之後,經濟型態的轉變為交易的內容帶來了重大的轉變,智慧財產權的讓與或授權交易漸趨熱門,在商業經營中時時刻刻上演。如同典型的交易一樣,就取得權利者而言,其願意將所有的專利、商標、著作權等權利加以利用,以獲取金錢利益;反之,欲利用者則透過與權利擁有者訂立合約的方式,將之利用於所生產的商品或服務,增加其邊際效用,獲取更大的利潤。 在此背景之下,智慧財產的讓與或是授權,其交易的型態與方式漸行複雜,對於企業的經營更是有著決定性的影響,加上智慧財產權,可說是法律所創設出來的權利,其異於傳統財產實體的特質,更難以令習慣傳統交易的我們加以掌握,因此有深入研究的必要,本論文即基於此背景,開始關於智慧財產諸多活動中的一個課題-「授權」活動展開研究。 因此,本篇論文研究有以下的目的: 一、 從高科技產業獨特的環境去瞭解智慧財產授權所扮演的角色。 二、 智慧財產授權對於高科技企業經營策略之影響與作用,反之,高科技經營策略之擬定後,是否可以傑由授權達成其目的。 三、 高科技企業在面臨智慧財產授權契約談判時,應如何爭取最佳利益。 四、 高科技企業營運策略中,關於簽訂授權契約可能引發的法律相關議題應如何面對。 本研究即基於上述目的,從法律面及商業管理的角度去探討智慧財產授權活動所引發企業經營的策略意涵,以三個層次分別來說明:一、企業經營層次;二、授權契約談判層次;三、相關法律議題層次。透過三個層次的分析與歸納,本研究針對高科技企業之經營與智慧財產權授權的策略運用提出下列數點之建議: (一) 智慧財產授權是一個複雜的領域,涉及法律、管理、技術等面向,因此我國高科技企業必須走出權利金追索與授權的泥沼中,重新架構授權與企業的經營策略。 (二) 我國高科技企業若欲藉由授權活動予以獲利,則最重要的是將企業轉型為真正的知識型企業,持續研發,蓄積優質的智慧財產權,如此才能將智慧財產授權活動的功用發揮到最大。 (三) 企業應培養相關智慧財產權授權相關人才,並考量是否建制一個獨立的智慧財產授權部門。 (四) 授權契約的簽訂將會影響企業未來研發的發展方向,因此建議企業於簽署授權契約時,必須考量企業本身是否可以自行研發該技術,或是其他替代性技術的可行性,切勿因為被國外的企業一警告,即簽署智慧財產權的授權契約。 (五) 反之,既然專利訴訟需耗費大量的人力、物力、時間與金錢,因此面對專利侵權訴訟時,應考量接受授權的可能性,授權所付出的成本與進行訴訟的成本相較後取其較低者。但是需注意的是,縱使獲得他人授權,然亦不代表會侵害第三人之專利,換言之獲得一家企業的授權,並不表示已經一勞永逸的無侵權可能性。故建議企業在接受專利授權時,必須詳細的評估該專利的範圍。 (六) 授權與智慧財產的保護與執行有緊密的關係,因此企業應加強智慧財產的保護與執行,才可以降低授權活動所面臨的風險。 (七) 智慧財產授權,基於智慧財產的無形性的特性而生,與傳統的有形財產有迥然不同的性質,善加利用智慧財產權的特性,將可使企業擺脫傳統的營業模式,邁向新的獲利境界。建議企業應重新的審視自己所有的智慧資產,加以稽核與評估,結合本研究所提出的授權策略架構,重新思索企業的營運方向與智慧資產的利用是否完善,有效的提升企業的競爭地位,創造更多的經營優勢。
156

Pubs, Punters, And Pints: Anthropological Reflections On Pub Life In Ireland

Cucchiara, Jason 01 January 2009 (has links)
Ireland is a country with a rich and unique cultural heritage. It is difficult to imagine that certain facets of Irish culture (e.g. Saint Patrick's Day, the Blarney Stone, or the Ring of Kerry) can ever be taken for granted since they are so widely recognized internationally. One common feature of Irish life that possibly warrants more scholarly attention is the public house or pub. Much has been written about pubs as quaint institutions in popular literature and fiction. Curiously, they remain largely overlooked as vital aspects of Irish culture by anthropologists and others in the social sciences. In many ways, socio-cultural research on pub life in Ireland is woefully under examined. In an effort to better evaluate the significance of traditional pub life to Irish culture, my thesis seeks to integrate and critically assess the existing socio-cultural literature on Irish pub life. Such work will not only help highlight both the commonalities and discrepancies within this area of study, it will more significantly identify those areas of Irish pub life that can benefit from further academic investigation. Two recent trips to Ireland in September 2004 and May 2006, allowed me to observe important aspects of pub life first hand. It became apparent from these encounters that, like the history of Ireland itself, local pubs have a rich historical foundation. Many of the pubs that I visited have been in existence or operational since the Middle Ages. Based on this longevity, one can reasonably argue that pubs in Ireland function largely as locales of social significance and cultural reproduction, not just centers of recreational drinking. Using my travel experience as a starting point for the critical analysis phase of this thesis project, I have developed three general research questions that I will explore to varying degrees in the context of this work. These are: (1) what are the origins of pubs in Ireland?; (2) what explicit and implicit functions do pubs serve in Irish communities?; and (3) what possible developments are likely to affect Irish pubs in the near and distant future?
157

El contrato de licencia de obtención vegetal

Miranda Ribera, Eduardo 04 September 2023 (has links)
[ES] El objeto del presente trabajo es el contrato de licencia de obtención vegetal y su estructura se articula conforme a las instituciones básicas del contrato: se inicia el estudio con el concepto, clases y notas características de la licencia; en segundo lugar, se abordan los principales elementos del régimen jurídico del contrato; en tercer lugar, se analizan los principales elementos (personales, formales y reales), la formación y la estructura del contrato; en cuarto lugar, se estudia el contenido y cumplimiento del contrato; en quinto lugar, se analiza la terminación del contrato; y, previo a las conclusiones, se delimitarán las figuras afines al contrato de licencia para explotar un determinado material vegetal. El estudio se centra en el contrato de licencia configurado sobre un título de obtención vegetal comunitario y nacional. Por ello, las referencias normativas se realizarán a la normativa europea y nacional de obtenciones vegetales y, cuando proceda, de las disposiciones del Convenio de la Unión de París sobre Obtenciones Vegetales y de Derecho comparado alemán, francés e italiano. Para analizar el derecho de obtención vegetal como objeto de un contrato de licencia es necesario abordar instituciones tan importantes como el concepto de variedad vegetal, variedad vegetal protegible, alcance de la protección y la protección provisional, con especial atención a la sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea de 19 de diciembre de 2019 y sus importantes implicaciones sobre la solicitud de protección como objeto del contrato de licencia. Quedan fuera del presente trabajo el estudio del contrato de licencia configurado sobre un derecho de propiedad industrial, distinto del de obtención vegetal, que proteja el material vegetal o cualquier conocimiento o técnica susceptible de protegerse por un secreto empresarial y dé lugar a una licencia de know-how. No obstante, se analizará la posibilidad de configurar un contrato de licencia con objeto plural en el que concurran, además de un derecho de obtención vegetal, una patente, una marca o un secreto empresarial. El análisis del contenido del contrato se realizará desde el punto de vista contractual y antitrust. En cuanto al análisis antitrust, al tratarse el contrato de licencia de obtención vegetal de un acuerdo de transferencia de tecnología será de aplicación el Reglamento (UE) N.º 316/2014 de la Comisión de 21 de marzo de 2014 relativo a la aplicación del artículo 101, apartado 3, del Tratado de Funcionamiento de la Unión Europea a determinadas categorías de acuerdos de transferencia de tecnología. Sin embargo, se hace referencia también a acuerdos de comercialización del derecho, sobre los que recae el análisis antitrust conforme a las disposiciones del Reglamento (UE) 2022/720 de la Comisión de 10 de mayo de 2022 relativo a la aplicación del artículo 101, apartado 3, del Tratado de Funcionamiento de la Unión Europea a determinadas categorías de acuerdos verticales y prácticas concertadas. / [CA] L'objecte d¿aquest treball és el contracte de llicència d'obtenció vegetal i la seua estructura s'articula conforme a les institucions bàsiques del contracte: s'inicia l'estudi amb el concepte, classes i notes característiques de la llicència; en segon lloc, s'aborden els principals elements del règim jurídic del contracte; en tercer lloc, s'analitzen els principals elements (personals, formals i reals), la formació i l'estructura del contracte; en quart lloc, s'estudia el contingut i compliment del contracte; en cinqué lloc, s'analitza la finalització del contracte; i, abans de les conclusions, s'analitzaran les figures afins al contracte de llicència per a explotar un determinat material vegetal. L'estudi es centra en el contracte de llicència configurat sobre un títol d'obtenció vegetal comunitari i nacional. Per això, les referències normatives es realitzaran a la normativa europea i nacional d'obtencions vegetals i les disposicions del Conveni de la Unió de París sobre Obtencions Vegetals i de Dret comparat alemany, francés e italià. Per analitzar el dret d'obtenció vegetal com a objecte d'un contracte de llicència és necessari abordar institucions tan importants com el concepte de varietat vegetal, varietat vegetal protegible, l¿abast de la protecció i la protecció provisional, amb especial atenció a la sentència del Tribunal de Justícia de la Unió Europea de 19 de desembre de 2019 i les seues implicacions sobre la sol·licitud de protecció com a objecte del contracte de llicència. Queden fora d¿aquest treball l'estudi del contracte de llicència configurat sobre un dret de propietat industrial, diferent del d'obtenció vegetal, que protegisca el material vegetal o qualsevol coneixement o tècnica susceptible de protegir-se per un secret empresarial i done lloc a una llicència de know-how. No obstant això, s'analitzarà la possibilitat de configurar un contracte de llicència amb objecte plural en el qual concórreguen, a més d'un dret d'obtenció vegetal, una patent, una marca o un secret empresarial. L'anàlisi del contingut del contracte es realitzarà des del punt de vista contractual i antitrust. Quant a l'anàlisi antitrust, en tractar-se el contracte de llicència d'obtenció vegetal d'un acord de transferència de tecnologia serà aplicable el Reglament (UE) Núm. 316/2014 de la Comissió de 21 de març de 2014 relatiu a l'aplicació de l'article 101, apartat 3, del Tractat de Funcionament de la Unió Europea a determinades categories d'acords de transferència de tecnologia. No obstant això, es fa referència també a acords de comercialització del dret, sobre els que recau l'anàlisi antitrust conforme a les disposicions del Reglament (UE) 2022/720 de la Comissió de 10 de maig de 2022 relatiu a l'aplicació de l'article 101, apartat 3, del Tractat de Funcionament de la Unió Europea a determinades categories d'acords verticals i pràctiques concertades. / [EN] The aim of this research is the license agreement of plant variety rights, whose structure is articulated according to the basic elements of the contract: the study begins with the concept, types and characteristics of the license; secondly, the main elements of the legal regime of the contract are analysed, ; thirdly, its main elements, negotiation and structure are examined; fourthly, the content of the contract is studied; fifthly, the termination of the contract is analysed; and, prior to the conclusions, the related contracts to the license to exploit a certain plant material will be delimited. The study focuses on the license agreement of a community and national plant variety right. Therefore, European and national plant variety legislation references will be made, and, where appropriate, also references to the provisions of the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants and comparative German, French and Italian law will be made. To analyse the plant variety right as the subject matter of a license agreement, it is necessary to explain such important elements as the concept of plant variety, scope of rights and provisional protection, with special attention to the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union of 19 December 2019, and its consequences on the application for protection as the subject matter of a license agreement. It will not be included in the scope of this research, the analysis of the license agreement stablished on an intellectual property right, different from a plant variety right, which protects any knowledge or technique which can be protected by a trade secret and gives rise to a know-how license. Nonetheless, the possibility of negotiating a license agreement with different intellectual property rights in which, in addition to a plant variety right, a patent, a trademark or a trade secret could be involved, will be also analysed. The analysis of the content of the contract will be carried out from a contractual and antitrust point of view. Regarding the antitrust analysis, since the plant variety license is a technology transfer agreement, Commission Regulation (EU) No 316/2014 of 21 March 2014 on the application of Article 101(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to categories of technology transfer agreements will be applicable to the plant variety license. Furthermore, it is necessary to bear in mind that the antitrust analysis of commercialisation agreements should be made according to the Commission Regulation (EU) 2022/720 of 10 May 2022 on the application of Article 101(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to categories of vertical agreements and concerted practices. / Miranda Ribera, E. (2023). El contrato de licencia de obtención vegetal [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/196879
158

Patent pools and competition law : an examination of the enforcement strategies of competition authorities

Fellig, Menachem M. 08 1900 (has links)
"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en droit, option recherche" / In the past decade, we have seen a resurgence of patent pools. These pools have emerged in our high-tech world to overcome a number of transaction costs involved in assembling patents necessary for the creation of new technologies. While patent pools can be pro-competitive; they can also present a number of anti-competitive features, such as sheltering collusion and eliminating competition between rival firms. This has been said to explain the enormous swings in the analytical approach of enforcement agencies with respect to patent pools. The introduction of the Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property by American competition authorities marked an important shift in patent pool enforcement, reflecting the view that intellectual property and competition law are actually complementary, both seeking to enhance innovation as well as competition. Based on these Guidelines, enforcement agencies' identified potential problems and have offered a number of guiding principles and recommendations - in the form of Business Review Letters - to help pooling parties avoid running afoul of competition law. A review of some of these guidelines reveals that following them indiscriminately, without regard to the particular circumstances, can in fact have a negative impact on innovation and industry. Four areas where a clarification and refinement of policy are necessary are highlighted; namely, the essentiality doctrine, pool, independent licensing and grantback clauses. We maintain that guidance from the competition authorities is too rigid, and that a more carefully tailored approach is necessary to achieve an optimal outcome in both competition and innovation. / Au cours de la dernière décennie, nous observons une renaissance de l'institution des communautés de brevets (patent pools), constitués pour surmonter les coûts afférents a la réunion des brevets nécessaires pour la création des nouvelles technologies. Bien que ces communautés de brevets en général favorisent la concurrence, elles peuvent aussi avoir des effets anti-concurrentiels, entre autre, en permettant la collusion et l'élimination de la concurrence entre compagnies rivales. On a dit que ceci explique les étonnantes oscillations dans l'approche analytique qu'ont adoptée les organismes d'application à l'égard des communautés de brevets. L'introduction des Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property par les autorités de la concurrence américaines marque un point tournant dans l'analyse des communautés de brevets, reflétant le fait que les lois de la propriété intellectuelle et celles de la concurrence sont, en réalité, complémentaires en ce qu'elles tendent toutes les deux à améliorer l'innovation et la concurrence. Se basant sur ces lignes directrices, les agences ont identifié les problèmes potentieis et ont offert un certain nombre de directives et de recommandations sous forme de lettres de revue (Business Review Letters) pour aider ceux qui entendent constituer des communautés de brevets à éviter d'enfreindre la Loi. Toutefois, une révision de certaines de ces lignes directrices démontre que, suivies d'une façon inconsiderées, sans égard aux circonstances particulières, elles peuvent avoir un impact négatif sur l'innovation et l'industrie. Quatre sections ont été mises en évidence où les règles doivent être clarifiées et nuancées, à savoir la doctrine de l'essentialité, les droits d'exclusivité, les services indépendants délivrant les licences et les clauses de rétrocession. Nous soutenons que les règles adoptées par les autorités de la concurrence sont trop rigides et qu'une approche plus nuancée est nécessaire pour atteindre un résultat optimal, à la fois pour la concurrence et pour l'innovation.
159

Aplicação da abordagem sistêmica para análise da efetividade da Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental no Brasil: um estudo para os Estados de São Paulo e sul de Minas Gerais / Application of the systems approach to analyze the effectiveness of Environmental Impact Assessment in Brazil: a study in the states of São Paulo and South of Minas Gerais

Almeida, Maria Rita Raimundo e 17 December 2013 (has links)
A Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA), uma ferramenta internacionalmente difundida e estabelecida, apresenta limitações em relação à influência que exerce sobre as decisões tomadas, que sugerem um baixo grau de efetividade para o instrumento. Nesse contexto, a análise de sua efetividade tem sido realizada a partir de diferentes abordagens, com prevalência de estudos focados em procedimentos específicos e/ou partes do processo de AIA, ou, ainda, orientados para a verificação do cumprimento de critérios ou diretrizes para sua aplicação. Diante de sua complexidade, sugere-se, então, que tanto a AIA quanto os fatores intervenientes em sua efetividade sejam compreendidos a partir de um enfoque mais amplo, que considere as relações existentes entre as etapas do processo, seus componentes e atores envolvidos. O desenho da pesquisa realizada se orienta por elementos desenvolvidos no campo da Teoria Geral dos Sistemas e, como tal, assume que as diferentes relações entre os componentes de sistemas complexos fazem emergir propriedades que condicionam o seu próprio funcionamento. Adotando-se como objeto de estudo os sistemas de AIA e licenciamento ambiental implementados nos estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais (Sul de Minas), o presente trabalho é voltado para a identificação e discussão dos fatores intervenientes na efetividade da aplicação dos instrumentos envolvidos, a partir de um enfoque sistêmico. Dentre as ferramentas sistêmicas existentes foi escolhida a Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) conhecida por fomentar o aprendizado dos atores envolvidos e aplicada a sistemas não quantificáveis como a AIA para identificar as lacunas e propor ações para melhoria destes dois sistemas. Os resultados obtidos permitem apontar diferenças na organização e capacidade de resposta dos sistemas estudados, concentradas na estruturação do órgão ambiental, na definição do escopo, nas janelas de participação, na quantidade de atores envolvidos nas arenas de decisão e no tempo de trâmite dos processos. As principais limitações identificadas para os dois sistemas estão em consonância com o que aponta a literatura internacional, que incluem a participação, a consideração de alternativas para o projeto, a avaliação de efeitos cumulativos e a influência de fatores externos na tomada de decisão. A abordagem utilizada apresentou-se como interessante para avaliar os sistemas de AIA, contribuindo para um melhor entendimento de sua organização e funcionamento. / Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), an internationally widespread and established tool, has limitations with respect to its influence on decision-making, suggesting a low degree of effectiveness for the instrument. In this context, its effectiveness analysis has been carried out from different approaches, with a prevalence of studies focused on specific procedures and/or parts of the EIA process, or even targeted for the verification of compliance with criteria or guidelines for its implementation. Given its complexity, it is suggested, then, that both the EIA as intervening factors in its effectiveness are understood from a broader approach that considers the relationships between the steps of the process, its components and actors involved. The design of the research is guided by elements developed in the field of General Systems Theory and, as such, assumes that the different relationships between components of complex systems are emerging properties that determine its own functioning. Adopted as the study object the EIA and environmental licensing systems implemented in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais (Sul de Minas), the present work is focused on the identification and discussion of the factors involved in the effectiveness of the application of the instruments involved, based on a systemic approach. Among the existing systemic tools was chosen the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) known to foster learning of the actors involved and applied to non-quantifiable systems like EIA to identify gaps and propose actions for the improvement of these two systems. The results may point out differences in the organization and responsiveness of the studied systems, concentrated in environmental agency structuring, in the scope, in the participation windows, in the number of actors involved in the decision arenas and in the processes time. The main constraints identified for the two systems are in line with the international literature points, which include participation, consideration of project alternatives, the assessment of cumulative effects and the influence of external factors in decision-making. The approach presented as interesting to evaluate the EIA systems, contributing to a better understanding of its organization and operation.
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Implicações socioambientais do turismo e o licenciamento na bacia hidrográfica do rio Formoso - Bonito MS / Tourism Activity Implications and Licensing processes of Formoso River Basin in Bonito-MS

Xavier, Lucy da Silva Sá 26 October 2011 (has links)
A Bacia hidrográfica do Rio Formoso, Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul, sofreu um acelerado processo de alteração nas suas margens, decorrente da expansão das práticas turísticas, iniciadas a partir de 1990, quando os donos de terras do seu entorno começaram a desmembrar suas propriedades em pequenos módulos a serem vendidos aos interessados em desenvolver atividades turísticas. Estudar as implicações dessas atividades junto aos novos empreendimentos localizados na faixa contínua do Rio Formoso, no período de 1996 a 2008, e levantar dados referentes ao Licenciamento Ambiental e às ações desenvolvidas pelo empresariado e pelas instituições públicas são os objetivos desta tese. As informações obtidas poderão vir a ser relevantes subsídios para o poder público, para a orientação e fiscalização do desenvolvimento turístico sustentável da região, sendo também fundamentais para a tomada de decisão por parte dos empreendedores que investem neste segmento. A pesquisa é exploratória, qualitativa e descritiva, baseando-se na análise de dados secundários - bibliográficos, legislação ambiental e cartográficos- e primários, obtidos por meio de questionários e entrevistas, como técnicas de investigação. A partir das observações feitas nas propriedades pesquisadas, verificou-se que o município de Bonito, principalmente às margens do Rio Formoso, a partir 1990, sofreu intervenções em áreas de APP (Áreas de Preservação Permanente), para implementação da atividade turística, sem licença ambiental, em desacordo com a legislação. Os órgãos competentes tomaram providências para equacionar o problema, incentivando o licenciamento ambiental, obtendo adesão dos proprietários de empreendimentos de turismo. Os moldes de gestão turística e ambiental observados em Bonito indicam a presença orquestrada dos poderes público e privado que estimulam a diversificação da economia local, trazendo, sim, benefícios socioambientais. Também ficou bem claro que a sociedade local pode ter uma nova relação com a natureza por meio da atividade turística, procurando passar por um processo de apropriação do espaço menos predador, mais conservacionista e inclusivo. / The Formoso River watershed in Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul State, has gone through an accelerated changing process over its banks, due to expansion of tourism practices. This process has happened since 1990, when the landowners around divided their properties into smaller farms to be sold for those who wanted to set up activities related to tourism. The objectives of this thesis was to study the implications of tourism activities in connection to new developments situated along the Formoso River over the period from 1996 to 2008, and to present data related to environmental licensing process of enterprises and public institutions. The information obtained can be an important support for the public segment, to the orientation and supervision of the sustainable development of tourism in the region, besides being a determinant factor for the decision-making of enterprises. This exploratory, qualitative and descriptive research is based on analysis of secondary data - bibliographical, environmental law and cartographic data- and primary data obtained from questionnaires and interviews. Through observations of surveyed properties, it was verified, in Bonito and along Formoso River, the intervention in permanent preservation areas for implementation of tourism activities, with no environmental permit, at odd with current legislation Bodies in charge of this problem have taken steps to solve it by encouraging owners to legalize their areas of service. The features of tourism and environmental management in Bonito show a good relation between public and private sectors that motivates the diversification of the local economy, thereby bringing social and environmental benefits. It also came out very clearly that local society can get a new good relation with nature through tourism practices, seeking a less destructive land appropriation, with a more conservationist and inclusive approach.

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