L’« énergétique comparée » propose de considérer les textes comme des dispositifs à la fois économiques, sémiotiques et praxéonomiques (dont l’utilisation produit des types de subjectivations, des modes de pensée et des domaines idéologiques). Afin de comprendre la nature du roman et de l’épopée, nous confrontons, dans chacune de ces trois dimensions, l’analyse de ces genres littéraires. L’économie du dispositif est à la fois une théorie de la production et de la consommation ; la sémiotique se décompose en rhétorique et en noétique ; la praxéonomie en politique et en éthique.L’énergétique se veut ainsi une nouvelle approche de la littérature, nourrie autant par l’anthropologie culturelle que par la narratologie, par la métaphysique de Hegel que par la pragmatique d’Austin. Enfin, dans chaque partie, un « contrepoint » permet d’aiguiser, transversalement, les instruments d’analyse sur des oeuvres particulières qui semblent a priori échapper à la distinction entre roman et épopée (du roman populaire chinois au roman postcolonial) ou qui prétendent donner à la modernité son épopée (de la poésie épique à l’épopée humanitaire). Ces « contrepoints » se font également le lieu d’un débat de l’énergétique comparée avec les poétiques « indigènes » de leurs auteurs ou de leurs contemporains.L’énergétique, s’opposant à la « poétique des traits génériques » comme à l’« esthétique des registres » permet ainsi de fournir une définition comparée de l’effort de l’épopée (dispositif politique de subjectivation collective par mobilisation de la tradition dans la cérémonie de la reconnaissance) et de celui du roman (dispositif éthique de subjectivation individuelle par valorisation de l’originalité dans la performance d’émancipation), ainsi que la mise en évidence des conditions de possibilité d’une épopée contemporaine. / This dissertation attempts to understand what it is exactly that makes an epic and a novel. Through a "comparative energetics" we propose to consider literature as a set of ‘economical’, ‘semiotical’ and ‘praxeonomical’ dispositions the use of which contributes to specific types of subjective rendering, ways of thinking and ideological domains. These three categories constitute the framework of the current endeavor: Textual economics is a theory of both production and consumption; semiotics decomposes into rhetorics and noetical analysis; praxeonomy into politics and ethics.Energetics consists in a new approach to literature, influenced by cultural anthropology, narratology, Hegel’s metaphysics and Austin’s pragmatics. Each section of the dissertation includes a “counterpoint" bringing up a transversal approach to works outside the main corpus considered, that either seem to escape the distinction between the established genres of novel and epic, e.g. popular Chinese novels, postcolonial novels, or purport to give its proper epic (epic poetry, humanitarian epic, etc) to modernity. These "counterpoints" also allow a comparison between the energetic approach and the “indigenous” poetics of the authors considered or their contemporaries.Energetics, both objecting to the "poetics of features" and to the "aesthetics of registers," provides a comparative definition of the epic (political disposition of collective subjectification by mobilizing tradition in the ceremony of recognition) and of the novel (ethical dispositif of individual subjectifive rendering by valuing originality in the performance of emancipation). It also sets the conditions for a possible modern epic.

Existe-t-il un mythe littéraire du forçat ? Peut-on dire que le roman de forçat est un genre voire un sous-genre littéraire ? A ces deux problématiques nous tentons de répondre dans notre thèse. Nous donnons tout d’abord une définition historique, sociale et physiologique du forçat, puis, en nous appuyant sur la notion de « bassin sémantique » établie par Gilbert Durand, nous analysons différents mythes et mythèmes tels que le diable, Napoléon ou encore le surhomme. Ce qui nous amène à la conclusion suivante que le forçat est bien un mythe littéraire. En prenant ensuite comme paradigme le roman de Ponson du Terrail, Le Bagne de Toulon, nous établissons une grille de lecture des thèmes et motifs récurrents – le bagne, l’évasion, la paternité, la poursuite ou encore la vengeance - que l’on peut trouver dans les romans où cette figure apparaît. Nous voyons enfin comment ce personnage est représenté dans la littérature étrangère et les formes qu’il a pu prendre depuis la période classique jusqu’à nos jours, galérien, bagnard et prisonnier. Nous montrons également qu’il a trouvé sa place aussi bien dans le théâtre que le cinéma et qu’il s’est imposé en tant que héros de la paralittérature : polar, science-fiction, western, roman d’aventures, bande-dessinée, etc. Par ailleurs, nous examinons, à travers l’œuvre d’Albert Londres et Henri Charrière, comment le récit de témoignage a contribué à la renaissance du roman de forçat. Le roman de forçat a encore de beaux jours devant lui comme l’illustrent les réécritures d’œuvres célèbres telles que Les Misérables ou Le Comte de Monte Cristo. / Is there such thing as a literary myth about the convict ? Can we say that literature dealing with convicts is a genre or even a sub-genre? These are the two issues we will adress in our thesis. First we give a historical, social and physiological definition of the convict ; the notion of “bassin sémantique” as established by Gilbert Durand, helps us analyse different myths and mythemes, such as the devil, Napoleon or even the superman and this leads us to the conclusion that the convict as a literary myth does exist. Secondly, we use the Bagne de Toulon by Ponson du Terrail as a pattern to discuss the recurrent themes and motives pervading the novels where such a figure appears : penal colony, escape, paternity, pursuit or even revenge. At last ,we consider the way this character is represented in foreign literature and the different forms it has taken since the classical period until to-day, whether it be galley slave, convict or prisoner. We also show that it is also present in other genres such as the theatre or the cinema and that it features prominently in marginal literature : detective novel, science-fiction, western, adventure story, comic strip. Besides, we examine how the accounts of Albert Londres and Henry Charrière contributed to a rebirth of the convict novel for which , as is illustrated by the rewriting of famous works such as les Misérables or The Count of Monte Cristo there are good times ahead .

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:58:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rute Augusto Possebom.pdf: 763691 bytes, checksum: 2b4ee5b898bc4143e6f36825ca9c395e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-28 / The objective of this dissertation is to reflect upon the problematic proposed by Infância by Graciliano Ramos. The reading, analysis and even the process of research of secondary sources reinforce, repeatedly, the possibility of interpreting the text as a composition proper to fictional narratives or even as an autobiography. It is in this two-way perspective that this investigation is proposed. The hypothesis is to test, based on the traces of memory and on the voices that were part of the narrator‟s childhood, the value of the work as part of the genre of autobiography. A second hypothesis takes us to a reading of the texts in its fragmentary characteristics which denote a structure that forms a group of stories and, consequently, a fictional work. So as to verify the hypotheses, a study was carried out about autobiography, memory in the construction of the story, the importance of poetic language and, using selected extracts, the exposure of facets of the narrator in his relationships in the context associated with family and school, as well as his own self-portrait. As a conclusion, the research suggests a double reading of the work. If, on the one hand, aspects of Graciliano Ramos‟s life are present in the narrative, on the other hand, poetic language constitutes a mask and pretence. Therefore, the predominance of aspects strongly founded on memory allows one to apprehend traces of reality and, at the same time, transforms the past of the boy, characterizing him as the protagonist of a narrative which is also fictional / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo refletir sobre a problemática proposta pela obra Infância, de Graciliano Ramos. A leitura, a análise e mesmo a pesquisa da fortuna crítica recolocam, de forma reiterada, a possibilidade de se interpretar o texto como uma composição própria da narrativa ficcional ou, ainda, como uma autobiografia. É nessa perspectiva de mão dupla que esta investigação se propõe. Como hipótese de trabalho, buscamos testar, a partir das marcas da memória e das vozes que fizeram parte da infância do narrador, a qualidade da obra como pertencente ao gênero autobiográfico. Uma segunda hipótese leva-nos à leitura do texto em suas características fragmentárias que apontam para uma estrutura que se compõe como um conjunto de contos e, portanto, como uma obra ficcional. Para a verificação das hipóteses, estudou-se o gênero autobiográfico, a memória na construção da história, a importância da linguagem poética e, por meio de excertos selecionados, a exposição das faces do narrador em suas relações no contexto familiar e escolar, assim como o seu próprio autorretrato. Como conclusão, a pesquisa sugere uma leitura dupla da obra. Se por um lado, aspectos da vida de Graciliano Ramos estão presentes na narrativa, por outro, a linguagem poética institui a máscara e o fingimento. A dominância do caráter memorialístico permite, portanto, a apreensão de traços do real e, ao mesmo tempo, transmuta o passado do menino, caracterizando-o como protagonista de uma narrativa também ficcional

The aim of this paper was to analyze the impact of the genre on the use of cohesive devices in the literary and legal texts. To achieve the aim the following objectives were specified: to determine the typical patterns of the use of cohesive devices in literary and legal texts and to identify similarities and differences of the use of cohesive devices in the texts of different genres under investigation. The approaches to the research were quantitative and qualitative as well as content analysis method was chosen for the analysis. The research demonstrated that the genre has an evident influence on the density and distribution of cohesive devices. It also demonstrated that most often used cohesive devices in fiction belong to the group of reference and in legal documents to the group of lexical cohesion. The amassed data showed that the literary genre demonstrates all possible types of substitution and ellipsis whereas in the legal genre this type of cohesive devices has very low frequency. In addition, conjunction was identified as the least commonly employed type of cohesive devices in fiction as well as in the legal documents. Cohesive devices are important in all types of communication as they signal to the addressee the connections between the sentences of the text; therefore, the further studies are required to determine the influence of textual genre on the choice of cohesive devices in the genres that were not thoroughly investigated before. / Tyrimo tikslas yra panagrinėti, kokią įtaką teksto žanras turi renkantis tarpfrazinio ryšio priemones literatūriniame ir teisiniame žanruose. Suformuluoti šie tyrimo uždaviniai: apibrėžti tipiškus tarpfrazinio ryšio priemonių vartojimo literatūriniame ir teisiniame tekstuose modelius ir identifikuoti tarpfrazinio ryšio priemonių vartojimo panašumus ir skirtumus tirtuose skirtinguose žanruose. Tarpfrazinio ryšio priemonių vartojimo dažnumui ištirti buvo taikytas kiekybinis požiūris. Žanro įtaka tarpfrazinio ryšio priemonių pasirinkimui buvo vertinta kokybiniu požiūriu. Tarpfrazinio ryšio priemonėms tekstuose išskirti buvo panaudotas turinio analizės metodas. Tyrimas parodė, kad teksto žanras iš esmės nulemia tarpfrazinio ryšio priemonių vartojimo dažnumą ir jų pasiskirstymą tekste. Dažniausiai vartojamos tarpfrazinio ryšio priemonės literatūriniame tekste priklauso referencijos tipui, o teisiniuose dokumentuose – leksinio tarpfrazinio ryšio priemonių tipui. Literatūrinio žanro tekste sutinkami visi substitucijos ir elipsės tipai, tuo tarpu kai teisinio žanro tekste šis tarpfrazinio ryšio tipas yra vienas iš rečiausiai vartojamų. Jungtukinis ryšys ir literatūrinio, ir teisinio žanrų tekstuose yra rečiausias. Tarpfrazinio ryšio priemonės yra svarbios visoms komunikacijos formoms, nes jos signalizuoja adresatui jungtis tarp sakinių. Siekiant apibrėžti teksto žanro įtaką tarpfrazinio ryšio priemonių pasirinkimui žanruose, kurie iki šiol nėra pakankamai ištirti, yra reikalingos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Nur na escuridão (1999) tells the story of a Lebanese family that decides to leave their homeland and emigrate to the Americas, in order to find better living conditions. The crossing from this family between distinct worlds, as the East and West are, is constituted as indelible mark in the way of being and feeling from the characters and the narrator himself. In this scenario, crossing between worlds, cultures and traditions, it is inscribed the Salim Miguel s narrative, and their own life experience as an Arab immigrant. From these initial considerations, this dissertation sought to verify the role of narrator and his relationship with the memoirist discourse, as well as to examine, in the work, the interrelation of different literary genres such as (auto)biography, memories, biography and fiction itself. / Nur na escuridão (1999) conta a história de uma família de libaneses que decide abandonar sua terra natal e emigrar rumo às Américas, buscando melhores condições de vida. A travessia dessa família entre mundos tão distintos, como são o Oriente e Ocidente, constitui-se como marca indelével no modo de ser e sentir das personagens e do próprio narrador. Nesse cenário, de travessia entre mundos, culturas e tradições, é que se inscreve a narrativa de Salim Miguel, bem como a sua própria experiência de vida enquanto imigrante árabe. A partir dessas considerações iniciais, esta dissertação busca verificar a função do narrador e sua relação com o discurso memorialista, bem como analisar, na obra, a inter-relação de diferentes gêneros literários, como a autobiografia, as memórias, a biografia e a própria ficção.

Depuis le début des années 2000, l’un des traits distinctifs de la littérature nigériane tient dans son utilisation du genre littéraire du Bildungsroman , dont cette thèse considère les différentes évolutions chez les romancières et romanciers dits de la troisième génération. En examinant une vingtaine de romans, de Waiting for an Angel (2002) de Helon Habila à Freshwater (2018) d’Akwaeke Emezi, ce travail se propose de brosser un portrait panoramique d’un pan de la littérature nigériane ultra-contemporaine par le prisme du Bildungsroman. Prenant appui sur les études de genre, cette étude considère tout d’abord les différentes variations féminines d’un genre littéraire au penchant androcentrique. Les réécritures féminines du Bildungsroman mettent en lumière le développement (ou son échec) d’un point de vue et d’une voix individuels alors que les héroïnes tentent de (se) construire un moi unifié. La tendance allégorique du Bildungsroman sous sa forme traditionnelle est également centrale, et l’Histoire de la nation nigériane, depuis la guerre civile (ou guerre du Biafra, 1967-1970), jusqu’au début des années 2000, est au cœur des intrigues tissées par les ouvrages du corpus : la Bildung des protagonistes se fait en parallèle de celle de la nation. Enfin, au XXIè siècle, les frontières nationales ne semblent plus être tout à fait pertinentes pour les romancières et romanciers nigérians qui, de par leur propre expérience en tant qu’individus, détaillent les nouvelles conditions de développement dans une société mondialisée, multiculturelle, ou transculturelle, où les frontières (géographiques, identitaires, génériques) tendent à s’estomper voire à disparaître. Nous proposons donc de nous interroger sur l’existence d’une spécificité nigériane du Bildungsroman en ce début de XXIè siècle. / Since the beginning of the 2000s, one of the distinctive features of Nigerian literature has been the use of the literary genre of the Bildungsroman . This thesis considers the different evolutions of this genre among male and female third-generation Nigerian novelists. It examines more than twenty novels, from Waiting for an Angel (2002) by Helon Habila to Freshwater (2018) by Akwaeke Emezi, thereby providing a picture of contemporary Nigerian fiction. This study aims at analysing contemporary Nigerian fiction through the genre of the Bildungsroman. By using gender theory, it considers the feminine variations on an androcentric genre. These feminine rewritings put forth the development (or lack thereof) of the heroines from an individual viewpoint as they try to build a unified self. The allegorical tendency of the traditional Bildungsroman is also central, and the History of the Nigerian nation, from the civil war (or Biafra war, 1967-1970), to the beginning of the 2000s, is at the heart of the plots woven by the novels chosen in the corpus: the Bildung of the protagonist parallels the Bildung of the nation. Finally, in the 21st century, national borders do not seem to hold any longer for the third-generation writers who, because they experience mobility themselves, describe the new conditions of development in a globalized society, which is increasingly multicultural or transcultural; borders (whether they be geographical, linked to identity, or generic) tend to fade away, or disappear. This thesis examines whether or not a Nigerian specificity of the Bildungsroman exists in the 21st century.

Individually Published Czech Festive and Occasional Preachings of the End of the 17th and the First Two Thirds of the 18th Century Miloš Sládek The thesis concentrates on the area of festive and occasional homiletics in Bohemia after the Battle of White Mountain. Since the end of the 17th century, homiletics had represented the Czech leading literary genre with extraordinary influence on the masses. This influence was even strenghtened when printed preachings gradually became popular reading. The main focus of the thesis is on the questions of preparation of preaching, problematics of preaching handbooks, relationship of a preacher and his listeners, as well as the area of Classicist and conceptual preaching. The Baroque concept is described in connections with the aspect of growing author's self-esteem at that time. Editions of chosen sixteen preachings with introductions are added to demonstrate (or relativise) the conclusions of the first part of the thesis. Festive preaching in Bohemia was essentially influenced by legends, German Catholic preaching and myths and folk-tales. Emphasis on Christian morality is typical for Sunday preaching, however, it also appears in festive preachings. The influence of festive and occasional preaching of the end of the 17th and the first half of the 18th century on...

This dissertation asks: what has happened to the children and grandchildren of former industrial workers, those who came of age in the shadow of industrial ruination in the Rust Belt? It draws on 105 interviews with working-class descendants who grew up in or near the Mon Valley in Pennsylvania, to explore how those descendants engage with industrial ruins. For most, the ruins recalled the breakdown of the employer-employee social contract, a sense of betrayed tradition, and the current (abysmal) state of affairs for the working class. Most advocate for the destruction of the ruins, as the loss and failure embodied by industrial ruination acts as a trap, imprisoning them in the past. Their attempts to build a new working-class identity require letting go of industrial work and the memories of the lost past. For a wider range of perspectives, two other groups of descendants were interviewed—fifteen arsonists and four cultural producers (novelists). The arsonists, who set fire to abandoned buildings, draw on regional fire symbolism and maintain their inherited association between work and identity as they struggle to resurrect industry. The novelists, who have all published in the vein of American Gothic literature, are seeking to reinterpret the past to serve the needs of the present, using supernatural figures alongside ruins in their novels in order to allow the main characters to identify, recover, and reinterpret a hidden past, which allows for mourning and the formulation of a new class identity. Each of these groups of descendants is cobbling together different versions of working-class identity, but all show that navigation of economic restructuring is a process of continual transformation. Descendants’ imaginative constructions are emblems not of solidity or permanence, but rather revision and reinvention.

En comparaison avec les autres genres littéraires, la nouvelle peut être considérée comme un phénomène littéraire totalement nouveau. Même s’il n’est passé sur son apparition en Occident qu’environ deux siècles, les critiques ont nommé l’ère moderne comme « l’ère du roman et de la nouvelle ». Ces critiques affirment que la poésie et la prose ont été influencées par la littérature romanesque et par ses auteurs, d’où la nécessité d’étudier cette dernière afin de découvrir une période littéraire précise. Et de fait, l’importance de la nouvelle, sur le plan littéraire, est le résultat des changements sociopolitiques des sociétés. La Nouvelle est le porte-parole de ces changements dans la mesure où elle décrit et raconte les événements qui marquent la société. C’est ainsi que ce genre littéraire a eu un bon accueil chez les créateurs comme chez les lecteurs. En Iran, la Révolution a été l’évènement politique et social le plus important du XXe siècle, car elle a provoqué des changements et des transformations radicales dans la société à plus d’un titre. Ces changements sont remarquables dans les domaines culturels et littéraires, d’autant plus qu’ils ont permis à la littérature romanesque, par exemple, d’acquérir de nouvelles dimensions de forme et de thèmes. La présente thèse se propose de dessiner, dans une perspective diachronique, les contours de la nouvelle depuis la période de la Révolution constitutionnelle jusqu’à la Révolution Islamique. Pour répondre à cet objectif, nous avons étudié les événements historiques, sociaux et politiques qui ont entouré la nouvelle depuis sa naissance jusqu’à son établissement comme genre indépendant. / In comparison with other literary genres, the short-story may be considered as an utterly new literary phenomenon. Even though it first appeared in the western literature about two centuries ago, critics viewed the modern era as “the era of the novel and the short-story”. Those critics assert that poetry and prose were influenced by the novelistic literature and its authors, hence the need to study that genre in order to find an accurate literary period. And indeed, on the literary plane, the importance of the short-story is the outcome of social and political changes that occurred in societies. The short-story is the mouthpiece of those changes insofar as it depicts and relates the events which put their stamps on society. This is how that literary genre was warmly welcomed by creators as well as by readers. In Iran, the Revolution was the most outstanding political and social event of the twentieth century, for it instigated radical changes and transformations in society to more than one way. Those may be observed in the cultural and literary spheres, all the more so since, as an example, they let novelistic literature gain new dimensions of forms and themes. This thesis aims at highlighting, in a diachronic perspective, the contours of the short-story from the period of the constitutional Revolution to the Islamic Revolution. To meet this objective, we studied the historical, social and political issues around the short-story from its birth to its founding as an independent genre.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study, entitled: Cordel, literary literacy and verb-visuality: three concepts, an author, a history, a pamphlets, objectified to carry through the reading verb-appearance of the cordel pamphlets A mulher que se casou dezoito vezes…, of Valeriano Felix dos Santos, propitiating the literary literacy for pupils from the Eighth grade – Elementary Level – from Professor Luiz Antonio Barreto Basic School, tied to the Municipal Teaching Network, in Riachão do Dantas, in the State of Sergipe, native city of the mentioned author. Reasoned on the studies of Maranhão (1981), Terra (1981; 1983), Curran (1987), Abreu (1999), Bakhtin (1997; 2010), Roiphe (2011; 2013), Cosson (2014), among other authors, this work was structuralized around a didactic sequence that contains several activities and games that, for its performance, needed the simultaneous reading of the constitutive verbal and visual languages from the cordel pamphlets. The sequence was applied in the selected class and the students learned what cordel is, met another author from their land, read and analyzed his most significant work. They did the simultaneous both word and image for a more complete production of the senses present in the studied pamphlets, from the expectation of them to use this practice more effectively in their everyday life, when reading other texts constituted verb-visually, especially the cordéis. The obtained results were exposed in this report and the developed sequence was affixed to the pedagogical notebook – final product of this work. / Este estudo, intitulado "Cordel, letramento literário e verbo-visualidade: três conceitos, um autor, uma história, um folheto”, objetivou realizar a leitura verbo-visual do folheto de cordel A mulher que se casou dezoito vezes..., de Valeriano Felix dos Santos, propiciando o letramento literário a alunos da 8ª série, da Escola do Ensino Fundamental Professor Luiz Antônio Barreto, vinculada à Rede Municipal de Ensino, em Riachão do Dantas (SE), cidade natal do mencionado autor. Fundamentado nos estudos de Maranhão (1981), Terra (1981; 1983), Curran (1987), Abreu (1999), Bakhtin (1997; 2010), Roiphe (2011; 2013), Cosson (2014), dentre outros autores, o trabalho foi estruturado em torno de uma sequência didática que contém uma série de atividades e jogos que, para sua execução, necessitaram da leitura simultânea das linguagens verbal e visual constitutivas do folheto de cordel. A sequência foi aplicada na turma selecionada e os alunos aprenderam o que é cordel, conheceram mais um autor de sua terra e leram e analisaram sua obra mais significativa. Realizaram a leitura concomitante da palavra e da imagem para a produção mais completa dos sentidos presentes no folheto estudado, a partir do que se espera que passem a utilizar essa prática mais efetivamente no seu dia a dia, quando da leitura de outros textos constituídos verbo-visualmente, sobretudo os cordéis. Os resultados obtidos foram expostos neste relatório e a sequência desenvolvida foi aposta no caderno pedagógico, produto final desse trabalho. / São Cristóvão, SE