Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a escrita autoficcional de Caio Fernando Abreu (1948-1996) segundo as concepções, respectivamente, dos teóricos franceses Serge Doubrovsky e Vincent Colonna, destacando-a e diferenciando-a de uma escrita pretensamente autobiográfica, segundo a concepção do também francês Philippe Lejeune. Se para Doubrovsky a escrita autoficcional é identificável pela condição do homonimato entre autor-narrador-personagem, para Colonna tal condição não se faz necessária para a identificação dessa escrita. Desse modo, no caso da autoficção segundo Colonna, para identificação da autoficção de Caio F., propõe-se o critério da sobreposição de textos com base nos paratextos genettianos. Procura-se, assim, estabelecer as bases diferenciais de uma escrita autoficcional que congrega em sua estrutura fatos reais e ficcionais elaborados pela linguagem, em contraposição a uma escrita dita autobiográfica baseada num pretenso pacto de verdade, entendendo ser a autoficção a forma de escrita amplamente praticada por Caio F. Para demonstração dessa escrita autoficcional, promove-se a análise e interpretação de textos significativos de Caio F., neles identificando as estruturas que os tornam autênticas autoficções. / This work aims to study the autofictional writings of Caio Fernando Abreu (1948-1996) according to the French scholars Serge Doubrovsky and Vincent Colonna, emphasizing and differentiating it from a supposedly autobiographic writing and also according to Philippe Lejeune. If, according to Doubrovsky, autofictional writing is recognizable by the requisite of homonimity author-narrator-character, to Colonna such requirement is not necessary. According to the latter, to identify Caio F.s autofiction, one must adopt the criteria of superposition of texts, based on Genets concept of paratext. Therefore, our goal is to establish the differential basis of an autofictional writing which creates in its structures of real and fictional facts elaborated by the language, as opposed to a writing considered autobiographic based on a intended pact of truth. Consequently, autofiction is the way of writing widely practiced by Caio F. In order to demonstrate this autofictional writing, we analyse and interprete Caios most important texts, identifying in them the structures that make them genuine autofictions.

L’écriture fragmentaire est le lieu d’un flou théorique. Elle est tout d’abord le fruit d’une appréhension intuitive, pragmatique : est fragmentaire tout texte perçu comme tel. D’Héraclite aux surréalistes en passant par Montaigne ou les frères Schlegel, l’écriture fragmentaire est protéiforme. Cependant, dans le champ de la théorie littéraire française, elle n’est généralement envisagée que dans son versant aphoristique et définie à partir d’un corpus composé de textes au statut littéraire à la limite d’un autre champ disciplinaire (la critique, la philosophie), majoritairement en langues occidentales, relevant d’une énonciation sérieuse et factuelle dont la fragmentation relève d’une démarche consciente de pensée et d’écriture. Cette thèse a ainsi pour objectif de montrer, à travers le cas particulier de la poétique singulière du fragment chez Akutagawa Ryūnosuke, l’existence d’un fragment non purement factuel, provenant d’une aire culturelle non occidentale, qui s’inscrit plus largement dans cette écriture de la crise qu’est le fragment moderne selon Françoise Susini-Anastopoulos. Les textes d’Akutagawa qui font l’objet de cette étude sont de nature variée : narratifs, autobiographiques, factuels, fictionnels, aphoristiques ou encore poétiques, ils relèvent néanmoins d’une même esthétique fragmentaire. En confrontant ces textes d’un écrivain japonais du début du XXe siècle aux réflexions théoriques tant japonaises que françaises sur les écritures brèves discontinues, nous tentons de redéfinir les contours d’une écriture fragmentaire littéraire tout en proposant une nouvelle grille de lecture pour des textes divers pour lesquels la catégorisation générique est souvent problématique. Le fragment chez Akutagawa s’articulerait ainsi autour de deux pôles : un brouillage du cadre générique dans lequel s’inscrit le texte, ainsi qu’une énonciation ironique, souvent secondée par un usage prégnant de l’intertextualité. / Fragmentary writing is difficult to define. It is, first of all, the result of a pragmatic, intuitive understanding: a text is called fragmentary when it is perceived as such. From Heraclitus, Montaigne, the Schlegel brothers to the surrealists, fragmentary writing takes many forms. However, in French literary theory, it is often limited to aphoristic texts. Its corpus is made of literary texts mostly written in European languages, which could also belong to another field (like critic or philosophy), which are non-fictional, and where fragmentation is a conscious, voluntary process of thinking and writing.This thesis aims to show, through the concrete example of Akutagawa Ryūnosuke’s poetics of fragmentary writing, the existence of a fragment outside the fiction / non-fiction dichotomy, from a non-western cultural area, which belongs to the modern fragment as crisis literature defined by Françoise Susini-Anastopoulos.In this thesis, we look at various texts written by Akutagawa. Be they narrative, fictional, non-fictional, autobiographical, poetic or aphoristic: all these texts have a common fragmentary aesthetic, despite their diversity. By reading these texts written by a Japanese writer who lived at the beginning of the 20th century under the light of Japanese and French critical works on short and discontinuous writings, we are trying to redefine the outline of a literary fragmentary writing while suggesting a new way of reading them beyond the very different generic categories they are usually thought to belong to. Accordingly, two features could describe Akutagawa’s fragmentary writing: a problematical generic categorization deliberately constructed in the texts, and an ironic voice, which is often accompanied by intertextuality. This thesis aims to show, through the concrete example of Akutagawa Ryūnosuke’s poetics of fragmentary writing, the existence of a fragment outside of the fiction / non-fiction dichotomy, from a non-western cultural area, which belongs to the modern fragment as crisis literature defined by Françoise Susini-Anastopoulos.In this thesis, we look at various texts written by Akutagawa. Narrative, fictional, non-fictional, autobiographical, poetic, aphoristic: all the texts have, despite their diversity, a common fragmentary aesthetic. By reading these texts, written by a Japanese writer who lived at the beginning of the 20th century, under the light of Japanese and French critical works on short and discontinuous writings, we are trying to redefine the outline of a literary fragmentary writing while suggesting a new way of reading problematical texts in terms of literary genre. Accordingly, two features could describe Akutagawa’s fragmentary writing: a problematical generic categorization deliberately constructed in the text and an ironic voice, which is often accompanied by a prominent intertextuality.

A perspectiva deste trabalho será a de que as diferentes experiências históricas de Henrique de Carvalho (Expedição Portugueza ao Muantiânvua: Ethnographia e história tradicional dos povos da Lunda- 1884-1888) (1890), Castro Soromenho (Lueji Ilunga na terra da amizade) (1945) e Pepetela (Lueji: o nascimento dum império) (1989) definem a forma literária, respectivamente, literatura de viagem, um conto tensionado e um romance. Três formas literárias distintas que mantêm o elo com o texto historiográfico, pois Castro Soromenho e Pepetela se apropriam do texto de Henrique de Carvalho para elaborarem seus enredos centrais que giram em torno do espaço Lunda. Tendo em vista que tal espaço potencializa as três narrativas, levaremos em conta que \"A forma não pode ser compreendida independentemente do conteúdo, mas ela não é tampouco independente da natureza do material e dos procedimentos que este condiciona. A forma depende, de um lado, do conteúdo e, do outro, das particularidades do material e da elaboração que este implica.\" (Bakhtin, M. 1992, p. 206) / In this work we aim to show that the different historical experiences by Henrique de Carvalho (Expedição Portugueza ao Muantiânvua: Ethnographia e história tradicional dos povos da Lunda - 1884-1888) (1890), Castro Soromenho (Lueji Ilunga na terra da amizade) (1945) and Pepetela (Lueji: o nascimento dum império) (1989) define certain literary forms, respectively, travel literature, tension short story and novel. These three distinct literary forms are connected with historiographic writings, for Castro Soromenho and Pepetela appropriate Henrique de Carvalho text to elaborate their central plots which focus the space of Lunda. Having in mind that space potentializes the three narratives, in this study we will take into consideration that \"The literary form cannot be understood separate from the content, and neither is it independent from the nature of the subject and the proceedings which are conditioned by this same content. Form depends on the content, and also on the particular aspects of the subject and on the elaboration it implies.\"* (Bakhtin, M. 1992, p.206)

Sob a máscara de Tereza Quadros, Clarice Lispector jornalista produziu a coluna Entre mulheres no jornal Comício, em 1952. Ao lado de receitas e conselhos, comuns na imprensa feminina, a colunista publicou textos em que há um discurso pouco convencional sobre o que se consideravam os modelos femininos. Essa postura, em certa medida transgressora para a época, pode ser comprovada também pelo fato de a colunista citar trechos em que a emancipação da mulher está tematizada. Nesta pesquisa, identificamos que a principal fonte de inspiração para Clarice Lispector foi o livro O segundo sexo, de Simone de Beauvoir, publicado em 1949 na França e, à época, não traduzido no Brasil. Além de citar um trecho da própria escritora francesa, a colunista retirou da obra outras referências e trechos de terceiros. Isso revela que, ao mesmo tempo em que ratificava o estereótipo da mulher burguesa da década de 1950, com conselhos sobre tarefas domésticas, Clarice Lispector contestava esse mesmo estereótipo, por meio da apresentação de leituras avançadas para a época. Além disso, a colunista escreveu crônicas com incontestável valor literário, sendo que algumas delas deram origem a contos publicados posteriormente com assinatura da escritora. Dessa forma, a produção de Tereza Quadros é bastante diferenciada daquelas desenvolvidas por Helen Palmer e Ilka Soares, outras máscaras da escritora na imprensa feminina. / Under the mask of Tereza Quadros, Clarice Lispector wrote the column \"Among Women\" for the newspaper Comício, in 1952. Alongside recipes and advice, common in women\'s press, the writer published texts in which there is a somewhat unconventional discourse in regards to what were considered female role models. This posture, transgressive to a point for its time, can be confirmed by the fact the columnist quoted passages on the emancipation of women. In this research, we have identified the primary source of inspiration for Clarice Lipector as the book The Second Sex, by Simone de Beauvoir, published in 1949, France, and not translated in Brazil back then. Apart from quoting directly from the french writer, the columnist also took from her work other references and excerpts from other authors. That reveals that, at the same time she ratified female role models for the middle-class woman in the years of 1950, with advice on domestic chores, Clarice Lispector contested that same stereotype through introducing new, advanced reads for her time. In addition, the columnist wrote chronicles with undeniable literary value, some of which gave origin to short stories later published with the writer\'s signature. Therefore, the writing production of Tereza Quadros is quite different from the ones of Helen Palmer and Ilka Soares, other masks the writer has used in women\'s press.

Il existe une abondance extraordinaire de récits de voyage et d'oeuvres de fiction en langue allemande focalisant l'outre-mer et en premier lieu les Etats-Unis d'Amérique. Ces textes écrits au cours du XIX et pendant la première moitié du XX siècle représentent un phénomène notable mais peu commenté qui se prête tout à fait à un traitement historique: ces écrits accompagnent, appuient, commentent et vilipendent la très forte émigration allemande vers les Amériques, notamment l'Amérique du Nord. Le présent travail s'attache à rendre compte du roman d'aventures outre-mer de langue allemande et ce faisant s'efforce de cerner ce qui fait la spécificité de la perspective allemande. Dans cette optique ont été retenues douze oeuvres composées par des auteurs germanophones aussi différents les uns des autres que les Allemands Friedrich Gerstäcker (1816-1872), Karl May (1842-1912), Ernst Friedrich Löhndorff (1899-1976), L'Austro-Américain Karl Postl alias Charles Sealsfield (1793-1864), l'Autrichien Franz Kafka (1883-1924), le Germano-Mexicain B. Traven (1882-1969). Après un chapitre d'exposition traitant de l'horizon d'attente présent dans l'Allemagne du XIX siècle, onze chapitres sont consacrés à l'étude des romans sélectionnés. L'analyse de ces oeuvres permet de mettre en évidence quelques caractéristiques saillantes qui sont propres au genre tant au niveau de l'esthétique , de la logique, des thématiques et des schémas idéologiques qu'au niveau de l'organisation en affrontements axiologiques entre un univers de la rationalité et de la civilisation et un monde considéré comme relevant de la "sauvagerie". Sont aussi analysées la silhouette de l'aventurier littéraire, les différentes approches de l'altérité entre refus et attrait, la tentation récurrente de la transgression, l'inscription du récit dans un système de codes et de stéréotypes préexistants. / There are many German travel stories as well as works of fiction focusing on overseas territories, in the first place on the United States of America. These texts that were written in the course of the nineteenth century and during the first half of the twentieth century represent a noteworthy phenomenon that has been little commented on and lends itself well to a historical approach. Indeed, these pieces of writing accompany, comment on and vilify the German mass migration to the American continent, especially to North America. The present work attempts to account for the German adventure novel the plot of which takes place overseas. In so doing it tries to define the specificity of the German perspective. Twelve novels have been selected that were written by several german-speaking authors very different from one another: the German Friedrich Gerstäcker (1816-1872), Karl May (1842-1912), Ernst Friedrich Löhndorff (1899-1976), the Austro-American Karl Postl aka Charles Sealsfield (1793-1864), The Austrian Franz Kafka (1883-1924), the Germano-Mexican B. Traven (1882-1969). Following an introductory chapter dealing with the horizon of aspirations in nineteenth-century Germany are eleven chapters each devoted to the study of one selected novel.The analysis of these works shows some striking features that belong to the genre either at the level of the aesthetics, logic, set of themes and ideological patterns or at the level of axiological confrontations between a rational, civilized world and the so-called "savageness". Other items in the study are the figure of the literary adventurer, the different approaches to the alterity phenomenon, the recurrent temptation of transgression, the insertion of the text in a pre-existent codes and stereotypes system.

This project asserts that much of the cultural anxiety found in Gothic-infused late-Victorian fiction derives from literary revelations of the nested spaces, shifting identities, and spontaneous connections inherent to the late-Victorian metropolis. The three literary texts studied here – The Hound of the Baskervilles by Arthur Conan Doyle, Raffles: The Amateur Cracksman by E.W. Hornung, and The Thirty-Nine Steps by John Buchan – all depict London as fundamentally suitable for those who seek to evade the disciplinary gaze and to pursue menacing schemes of criminality and invasion. Doyle’s text illustrates the interconnectedness of the spaces within London as well as the passable threshold between London and the English countryside; both the villain Stapleton and the hero Sherlock Holmes use these connections to attack and defend, respectively, the city and its inhabitants. Hornung’s stories depict the machinations employed by the gentleman-thief Raffles as he alters his identity and his codes of behaviour in order to free himself to pursue criminal ends and thus as he challenges cultural barriers. Buchan’s text, building on the others, explores the dissolution of cultural boundaries and identities incumbent upon the spontaneous connections made between those who attack English culture and those, like Richard Hannay, who defend it. There emerges in these texts a vision of London (and by extension Great Britain) as a swirling vortex of motion, an unknowable labyrinth perpetually threatened by menacing agents from without and within. I have employed Victor Turner’s theories of liminality and communitas to describe how criminal agents, and their equally menacing “good-guy” pursuers, separate themselves from structured society in order to move freely and to gain access to the contested thresholds they seek to infiltrate. I also invoke theories of the Gothic, surveillance, and travel, as well as Jeffrey Cohen’s monster theory, to characterize the anxiety embedded in such invasions. / The transformation of contested space : Baker Street, Grimpen Mire and the battle for thresholds in The hound of the Baskervilles -- Hornung's code-switching monster : threatening ambiguity and liminoid mobility in Raffles, the amateur cracksman -- Towards a more inclusive Britishness : Richard Hannay's transformative connections and evolving identity in The thrity-nine steps. / Department of English

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2008.

This study explores the construction of the Gothic female body in three films by the director Tim Burton, specifically Batman Returns (1992), Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007) and Dark Shadows (2012). Through a deployment of Julia Kristeva’s theory of abjection, the intention is to indicate the degree to which Burton crafts his leading female characters as abject Others and embodiments of Barbara Creed’s ‘monstrous-feminine’. In this Gothic portrayal, the director consistently draws on the essentialised stereotypes of Woman as either ‘virgin’ or ‘whore’ as he shapes his Gothic heroines and femmes fatales. While a gendered duality is established, this is destabilised to an extent, as Burton permits his female characters varying degrees of agency as they acquire monstrous traits. This construction of Woman as monster, this study will show, is founded on a certain fear of femaleness, so reinstating the ideology of Woman as Other. / English Studies / M.A. (English Studies)

Master thesis deals with changes of elements, that constitute a fairy tale of the Cinderella in different times, cultural and media contexts. Therefore, thesis analyzes and compares different literal and film renderings of the story based upon morfological composition of the fairy tale and motives and gender stereotypes present in it. Individual features of tales are then processed and divided on archetypal and changeable. Main character, the Cinderella , is also considered, and her common characteristic is documented within gender analysis for every version of the story. Thesis also deals with fairy tale in general, with its definition, characteristic and theory of origin. Fairy tale is then interpreted as a part of folklore creation and as a literary work.

A perspectiva deste trabalho será a de que as diferentes experiências históricas de Henrique de Carvalho (Expedição Portugueza ao Muantiânvua: Ethnographia e história tradicional dos povos da Lunda- 1884-1888) (1890), Castro Soromenho (Lueji Ilunga na terra da amizade) (1945) e Pepetela (Lueji: o nascimento dum império) (1989) definem a forma literária, respectivamente, literatura de viagem, um conto tensionado e um romance. Três formas literárias distintas que mantêm o elo com o texto historiográfico, pois Castro Soromenho e Pepetela se apropriam do texto de Henrique de Carvalho para elaborarem seus enredos centrais que giram em torno do espaço Lunda. Tendo em vista que tal espaço potencializa as três narrativas, levaremos em conta que \"A forma não pode ser compreendida independentemente do conteúdo, mas ela não é tampouco independente da natureza do material e dos procedimentos que este condiciona. A forma depende, de um lado, do conteúdo e, do outro, das particularidades do material e da elaboração que este implica.\" (Bakhtin, M. 1992, p. 206) / In this work we aim to show that the different historical experiences by Henrique de Carvalho (Expedição Portugueza ao Muantiânvua: Ethnographia e história tradicional dos povos da Lunda - 1884-1888) (1890), Castro Soromenho (Lueji Ilunga na terra da amizade) (1945) and Pepetela (Lueji: o nascimento dum império) (1989) define certain literary forms, respectively, travel literature, tension short story and novel. These three distinct literary forms are connected with historiographic writings, for Castro Soromenho and Pepetela appropriate Henrique de Carvalho text to elaborate their central plots which focus the space of Lunda. Having in mind that space potentializes the three narratives, in this study we will take into consideration that \"The literary form cannot be understood separate from the content, and neither is it independent from the nature of the subject and the proceedings which are conditioned by this same content. Form depends on the content, and also on the particular aspects of the subject and on the elaboration it implies.\"* (Bakhtin, M. 1992, p.206)