Based on extended research on Chinese medical and epidemiological archival material dating back to the beginning of the 20th century, and on six months of internship in epidemiology in Beijing’s Medical School and in Haidian District’s Centre of Disease Control and Prevention, this thesis explores the conjunction of three major epidemiological crises in modern Chinese history with processes of State formation: the 1911 Manchurian pneumonic plague, the 1952 germ-warfare, and the 2003 SARS outbreak. Analysing the three crises as Events in line with Alain Badiou’s epistemology it seeks to establish how different strategies of governmental fidelity to the imagined cause of each crisis have led to distinct modes of organisation and valorisation of the social: Republican China and its decline to fascism; the clash between professional revolutionaries and technocrats in Maoist China; and the emergence of the “Harmonious Society” of mass exploitation and repression today. This conjunction between State formation and epidemiological Events is explored with the use of Foucault’s genealogical method in a quest for a historical materialist approach that posits at its epicentre processes of class composition, decomposition and recomposition, and their contested enclosure by the governmental apparati of capture. The present thesis thus examines the three major epidemiological crises of modern China as forming grounds for biopolitical strategies that give rise to modes of subjectivation and circuits of debt/guilt within the context of the class struggle. And at the same time, it aims to create a new field of investigation for anthropology: the relation of State and Event, from a viewpoint that contests the accepted relation of event and structure expounded by Marshall Sahlins, proposing as the main object of this investigation the conjunction between necessity and will that can never be reduced either to the naturalism of historical determinism, nor to the culturalism of subjective contingency.

Un cadre d’analyse des figures utilisées dans la vulgarisation de la connaissance scientifique est développé suivant la sémiotique de Charles S. Peirce et la méthode archéologique de Michel Foucault. Ce cadre est appliqué spécifiquement à l’analyse de figures de l’atome recensées systématiquement dans deux revues de science populaires. Des recommandations découlant de notre analyse sont faites. / An analytical framework for the study of images used in the popularization of scientific knowledge is developped from the semiotics of Charles S. Peirce and the archeological method of Michel Foucault. This framework is applied specifically to figures of the atom found in a systematic study of two popular science magazines. Recommendations emerging from our analysis are offered.

Ce mémoire propose une analyse critique du discours de l’enregistrement sonore à domicile (home recording). Dans la foulée des propos mettant de l’avant l’ «accessibilité» et la «démocratisation» de l’enregistrement sonore, ce mémoire analyse les relations de savoir/pouvoir produites et légitimées par le discours, ce qu’elles permettent et contraignent, autorisent et excluent. Le corpus à l’étude est issu de la presse musicale ainsi que de forums de discussion en ligne relevant de sites spécialisés. Les méthodes utilisées sont inspirées de l’approche du discours développées par Michel Foucault et de ce que Johnson et. al. (2004) appellent l’interprétation critique. L’analyse met en évidence les deux principaux sujets du discours de l’enregistrement sonore à la maison : les professionnels de l’enregistrement et les «pros» de l’enregistrement à domicile, deux groupes constitués d’hommes financièrement aisés. Les règles qui régissent l’enregistrement à domicile semblent reprendre, en les adaptant, celles régissant les studios professionnels. Ce mémoire suggère que la «démocratisation» telle qu'énoncée dans ce discours articule l'«accessibilité contemporaine» à certains savoirs et certaines technologies à des exclusions singulières – comme des femmes et des personnes de moyens limités – qui rendent ce discours possible. Être dans le vrai, dans ce discours, c’est échanger, argumenter, discuter et prescrire des façons de faire et de dire qui font des studios professionnels l’espace des normes et des légitimités. Mots clés: enregistrement, musique, maison, domicile, studio, démocratisation, technologie, l'analyse du discours, relations de pouvoir/savoir, Michel Foucault. / This thesis proposes a critical analysis of the discourse of home recording. It aims to question home recording's will to truth by investigating what makes its statements possible, or what is the system of rules that authorize certain things to be said within the discourse. Driven by enunciations regarding home recording's "accessibility" and "democratization", this thesis analyzes the power/knowledge relations that have been produced and legitimized within the discourse, as well as what they enable and constrain, allow and exclude. Music magazines and Internet discussion forums form the corpus of this thesis. The methods used in this research are inspired by Michel Foucault's theory and method of discourse and by the approach known as critical interpretation (Johnson et al., 2004). This thesis' analysis shows that the government in home recording seems to be exerted by two main subjects: recording professionals and home recording "pros", who are overall characterized as well-off men. Moreover, the rules of home recording seem to be a replication and an adaptation to the home environment of the organizing principles of professional studios. This thesis suggests that "democratization" as enunciated and produced within and by the discourse of home recording articulates the discursive notion of a "contemporary accessibility" in terms of technology and knowledge to the exclusions – such as that of women and people of limited means – that make this discourse possible. These exclusions are legitimized through what is considered the "truth" within the discourse, as well as the norms and regulations established within it, which in turn follow the logic of the professional studio. Keywords: home, recording, studios, democratization, technology, discourse analysis, power/knowledge relations, Michel Foucault.

Ce travail de recherche est une généalogie de la notion de " désir sexuel " telle qu'elle fut conçue dans le christianisme antique du IIIe au Ve siècle. À partir de la distinction entre deux anthropologies concurrentes, nous cherchons à reconstituer les modalités selon lesquelles ce désir a été pensé comme une pulsion irrésistible. Nous nous inscrivons donc dans la tradition des études de genre puisque nous posons la question de savoir s'il existe, au fondement des catégorisations sociales et des modes de légitimation du pouvoir, une forme de naturalité irréductible. Notre objectif est de mettre en évidence, d'une part, en quoi l'idée de désir naturel est une forme de problématisation contingente du désir sexuel et, d'autre, part, les conséquences de cette façon de penser. Entre le IIIe et le Ve siècle, les auteurs chrétiens s'opposent en ce qui concerne la question des capacités humaines. Pour les " perfectionnistes ", l'homme est capable d'accéder par ses propres forces à la perfection. Par conséquent, le " monde " est pensé par eux comme un ensemble de liens qui entravent l'itinéraire spirituel du sujet. La solitude du " désert " apparaît alors dans ce cadre problématique comme un moyen d'accéder à la liberté. Au contraire, pour les " défaillantistes ", l'homme est par nature infirme, si bien que la perfection est conçue non plus comme ce à quoi il peut lui-même accéder, mais comme un don de Dieu. En soulignant que l'homme n'est pas le maître dans sa propre maison puisqu'il ne peut maîtriser sa libido, Augustin montre que sa libération n'est envisageable qu'au prix de sa soumission à des institutions coercitives ayant pour fonction de compenser sa faiblesse. Proposant une forme originale de problématisation de la nature humaine en naturalisant la pulsion sexuelle, le défaillantisme chrétien permet donc de justifier la soumission des hommes. En faisant la généalogie du désir sexuel, ce travail s'emploie à montrer que la liberté ne requiert pas seulement une critique de l'idée de répression, mais une remise en cause plus fondamentale du modèle naturaliste de la pulsion.

Title: Values, Desirability and Ideology in CNN Travel -- a Discourse Analysis on Travel Stories Author: Emmi Laine Course: Journalistikvetenskap, Kandidatkurs, H13 J Kand (Bachelor of Journalism, Fall 2013), JMK, Stockholm University, Sweden Aim: The aim is to examine which values and ideologies CNN Travel fulfills in their stories. Method: Qualitative discourse analysis. Summary: This Bachelor ́s thesis asks what is desirable, which are the values of CNN Travel, the major U.S. news corporation CNN ́s online travel site. The question has been answered through a qualitative discourse analysis on 20 chosen travel stories, picked by their relevancy, diversity, and their expressive tone. Due to the limited space and the specific textual method, the analysis was restricted to the editorial texts of these stories. The chosen method was discourse analyst Norman Fairclough ́s model of evaluation, which revealed the explicit and implicit ways the media texts suggest desired characteristics. These linguistic devices took the readers ́ agreement for granted, as they imposed a shared cultural ground with common values, which is a base for a mutual understanding. After identifying the explicit and implicit evaluations, they were organized according to some major discursive themes found in the texts, and finally analyzed in order to expose their underlying values. The results showed how these certain values brought forth certain ideologies, to some extent in keeping with recent research of tourism and travel journalism. As the study has been put into a larger context of related research, the following pages will first explain some larger concepts of discourse analysis, such as representation, cultural stereotypes, ideology and power. A cross-section from older to more contemporary theories in culture studies has been utilized; moving from Edward Said ́s postcolonial classic Orientalism, an example of cultural stereotyping, to the more recent topics of ‘promotion culture’ and consumerism, and tourism researcher John Urry ́s ideas about the consumption of places and the ‘tourist gaze.’ In the end, the study considers what kind of power does travel journalism possess over the represented tourism destinations. Finally, when questioning the travel journalists ́ legitimacy and power to represent the travel destinations, poststructuralist Michel Foucault ́s theory about the ‘regime of truth,’ as well as Antonio Gramsci ́s ideas of ‘hegemony,’ theory of dominance through consent, were discussed and confirmed.

Pat Barker’s fictional account of the Great War, The Regeneration Trilogy, completed in 1995, is considered to be her most important work to date and has captured the imagination of the reading public as well as attracting considerable scholarly attention. Although the trilogy appears to be written in the realistic style of the traditional historical novel, Barker approaches the past with certain preoccupations from 1990s Britain and rewrites the past as seen through these contemporary lenses. Consequently, the trilogy illustrates not only how the past returns to haunt the present, but also how the present reciprocally haunts perceptions of the past. The haunting quality of the trilogy is developed through an extensive, intricate pattern of intertextuality. This reciprocal haunting at times breaks the realistic framework of the narrative, giving rise to anachronisms. This study offers a reading of trauma, class, gender and psychology as thematic areas where intertexts are activated, allowing Barker to revise and re-accentuate stories of the past. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s concept of discourse and Mikhail Bakhtin’s notion of dialogue, it focuses on the trilogy as an interactive link in an intertextual chain of communication about the Great War. Received versions of history are confirmed, expanded on and sometimes questioned. What is innovative about the trilogy is how Barker incorporates discursive formations not only from the Great War period, but from the whole twentieth century. The Great War is regenerated and transformed as it passes from one dialogic context to another. My reading shows that the trilogy presents social structures from different historical epochs through dialogism and diachronicity, making the present-day matrices of power and knowledge that continue to surround, determine and limit people’s lives highly visible. The Regeneration Trilogy regenerates the past, simultaneously confirming Barker’s claim that the historical novel can also be “a backdoor into the present”.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:39:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3503.pdf: 525283 bytes, checksum: bfb4d66f7d01145cac6857205dc7c328 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-26 / The present work presents a subordinate reading of Os Sertões of Euclides da Cunha also informed for sources of the Brazilian social thought and the incursion in the historical archives on the episode of Canudos. This at the beginning crystallized a true moral panic of the Republic. Euclides of the Wedge told the revolt of Canudos as a shock between races where the miscegenation gained a fincado historical clipping in the binary division of the Brazilian society in caboclos x mulatos (or interior x the coast). One underlines the panic that account of the Brazilian society with regard to the racial mixture between whites and blacks took and the fear moral of that the life in the cities would be a degenerative threat for our nationality. From this division racial of the society established for Euclides - and endorsed for intellectuals, politicians and artists in the consolidation of the Republic - the hinterland and its people if consecrate as the place and the citizens of a genuine nationality. This allowed, also, that the others were established, the undesirable one in the formation of the Brazilian nationality. / O presente trabalho apresenta uma leitura subalterna de Os Sertões de Euclides da Cunha informada também por fontes do pensamento social brasileiro e da incursão nos arquivos históricos sobre o episódio de Canudos. Este cristalizou um verdadeiro pânico moral no início da República. Euclides da Cunha relatou a revolta de Canudos como um choque entre raças em que a miscigenação ganhou um recorte histórico fincado na divisão binária da sociedade brasileira em caboclos x mulatos (ou interior x litoral). Sublinha-se o pânico moral que tomou conta da sociedade brasileira com relação à mistura racial entre brancos e negros e o temor de que a vida nas cidades seria uma ameaça degenerativa para nossa nacionalidade. A partir dessa divisão racial da sociedade estabelecida por Euclides - e endossada por intelectuais, políticos e artistas na consolidação da República - o sertão e sua gente se consagram como o lugar e os sujeitos de uma nacionalidade genuína. Isto permitiu, também, que se estabelecessem os outros, os indesejáveis na formação da nacionalidade brasileira.

Uppsatsen undersöker diskurs kring det postmoderna byggnadskomplexet Bofills båge på Södermalm i Stockholm, som uppfördes mellan 1989 och 1992. Med utgångspunkt i teorier om kritisk diskursanalys undersöks utsagor i tre artiklar och ett TV-inslag som behandlar projektet, samt det sammanhang som utsagorna och projektet befann sig i. Allmän teoretisk utgångspunkt är Michel Foucaults iakttagelser kring diskurs. Thomas A. Markus och Deborah Camerons tillämpning för arkitekturdomänen av Norman Faircloughs teorier om kritisk diskursanalys är teoretiskt och metodologiskt ramverk för undersökningen. Uppsatsen undersöker i ett inledande kapitel sammanhanget ur både ett allmänt internationellt och specifikt svenskt perspektiv. I följande kapitel undersöks utsagor i de tre artiklarna och TV-inslaget. Artiklarna och TV-inslaget undersöks var och en till form och innehåll och med bakgrund i sammanhanget. En avslutande diskussion sammanfattar och diskuterar tidigare kapitel, samt relaterar utsagorna till varandra och till sammanhanget. Det förs en diskussion om den modernistiska arkitekturvokabulärens, den svenska traditionens och det politiska perspektivets betydelse för det sammanhang utsagorna befann sig i.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-13T21:53:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALMIRA LINS DE MEDEIROS - TESE PPGCS 2013..pdf: 3767038 bytes, checksum: 37b8ef3541b1e00bb82653d12a9bd852 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-13T21:53:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALMIRA LINS DE MEDEIROS - TESE PPGCS 2013..pdf: 3767038 bytes, checksum: 37b8ef3541b1e00bb82653d12a9bd852 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-25 / Nesta Tese focalizamos formas de educação que visam o desenvolvimento por parte da pessoa idosa de uma determinada compreensão acerca de sua velhice e de como conduzi-la. A partir da suposição de que naquelas formas de educação analisadas repercutem estratégias de invenção de subjetividades saudáveis, da produção da homogeneização de idosos, e operando com a noção de governamentalidade, de Michel Foucault, investigamos este modo de intervenção do governo das pluralidades, explorando os meandros dessas vias de educação para verificar como são conduzidos os que nela transitam, averiguar os efeitos dessa condução e para dar a conhecer como nela se operam os jogos de poder através dos quais se produzem sujeitos adequados. Para tornar compreensíveis os processos de normalização da conduta da pessoa idosa ali conduzidos, descrevemos a Universidade Aberta à Maturidade (UAMA), da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, a sua organização e seu modus operandis. A análise de documentos, de entrevistas, do registro da observação direta das aulas, das gravações em vídeo de algumas delas, dos textos didáticos, de filmes exibidos em sala de aula, dos textos produzidos pelos alunos e de suas respostas aos questionários a eles aplicados permitiu pensar as práticas operacionalizadas na UAMA como um conjunto de ações de promoção do envelhecimento ativo, propondo cuidados de saúde dos idosos a partir de soluções menos onerosas do que as oferecidas no mercado, tendo o mesmo se tornado possível na convergência de vários interesses. Nas suas práticas, fundadas em asserções das ciências do envelhecimento, utilizam-se maneiras de educar que já vinham sendo empregadas em ações de orientação terapêutica para convencer os idosos de que a transformação de sua forma de se conduzir é legítima. Para estruturar o campo de ação desses indivíduos, adequar suas escolhas sobre como viver aos objetivos de governo da velhice, promove-se o acesso deles a determinados conhecimentos sobre o processo de envelhecimento e o seu envolvimento em atividades que os permitam se reconhecer como sujeitos de direito, com o poder e a capacidade de empreender mudanças no seu modo de se conduzir. Ensinam-lhes como controlar sua atuação e os sentimentos dela decorrente. A interiorização do que foi aprendido, vivenciado, torna possível a elaboração de critérios para reger a sua atuação, avaliar a si e aos outros. Os idosos, compreendendo a necessidade de transformar o seu modo de vida, fazem uso das regras constituídas por meio das práticas, elegem os aspectos de si que devem transformar, conformam-se e resistem às verdades a que tiveram acesso, tudo para afastar de si os riscos de uma velhice não saudável. Aplicando-se em modificar a sua conduta, reconhecem em si os atributos do idoso ideal em que foram imersos na UAMA, encontrando-se os efeitos dessa educação na maneira como enxergam o mundo, e, nele, os idosos como ativos/saudáveis/socialmente desejáveis ou sedentários/doentes/indesejáveis, no âmbito de uma hierarquização que coloca o primeiro modelo como o de uma velhice superior e o segundo modelo como indicativo de uma velhice inferior. / In this thesis we focus on forms of education which aim the development by the elder of a certain understanding about their age and how to conduct it. We work with the notion of governmentality by Michel Foucault in order to investigate this mode of government of pluralities, exploring how intricacies of these pathways of education are conducted to control those transiting in it, and also investigate the effects of driving and publicizing power games through which suitable subjects are produced. To make comprehensible how the processes of normalization of elder’s conducts have been conducted there, we describe the Open University to Maturity (UAMA), of the State University of Paraiba, its organization and its modus operandi. The analysis of documents, interviews, and the direct observation of the classes we recorded, textbooks and films used and shown in classes, the texts produced by the students and their responses to questionnaires applied to them clarified the practices of UAMA as a set of actions to promote active aging providing health care for the elderly from lower cost solutions than those ones offered in the market. The UAMA has made possible thanks to the convergence of various interests. In its practices, based on assertions of science of aging, are used ways of educating that were already being used in the therapeutic actions to convince seniors that the transformation of their way to lead themselves is legitimate. In order to structure the field of action of these individuals and, to adjust their choices about how to live the goals of the government old age, it promotes their access to specific knowledge of the aging process and their involvement in activities that allow them to recognize themselves as subjects of Ritghs with the power and capacity to undertake changes in their way of driving their lives. The practices conducted in the UAMA environment teach them how to control their actions and feelings resulting from them. The internalization of what was learned and experienced makes possible the development of criteria to govern their actions, evaluate themselves and others. The elderly, realizing the need to transform their way of life, make use of the rules established by the educative practices to elect aspects of themselves that should be transformed, conforming to and resisting the truths they had access to, doing everything to put away from them the risks of an unhealthy old age. Making a serious effort to modify their behavior, they recognize in themselves the attributes of the ideal old man/woman in which they have been emerged. We observed the effects of the forms of education of the UAMA in the ways they see the world, and in the ways by which they can define what means to be (1) active / healthy / desirable socially or (2) sedentary / sick / undesirable old men/women within a hierarchy that places the first model as a superior age and the second model as indicative of a inferior age.

Toni Morrison reinterprets and reconstitutes American history by placing the lives, stories and experiences of African Americans in a position of centrality, while relegating white American history and cultural traditions to the margins of her narratives. She rewrites American history from an alternative - African American woman's - perspective, and subverts the accepted racist and patriarchally inspired `truths' about life, love and women's experiences through her sympathetic depiction of murderous mother love and complex female relationships in Beloved. She writes about oppression, pain and suffering, and of the need for the acknowledgement and alleviation of the various forms of oppression that scar human existence. Morrison's engagement with healing in Beloved forms the central focus of this short dissertation. The novel is analysed in relation to Mary Douglas's `Two Bodies' theory, John Caputo's ideas on progressive Foucaultian hermeneutics and healing gestures, and Julia Martin's thoughts on alternative healing practices based on non-dualism and interconnectedness. Within this interdisciplinary context, Beloved is read as a `small start' to `creative engagement' with alternative healing practices (Martin, 1996:104). / English / M.A. (English)