O estudo sobre a formação de jovens violentos tem por objetivo formular e avaliar, em nível agregado, os fatores etiológicos mais importantes na formação dos perfis atitudinais violentos entre os jovens, destacadamente aqueles identificados como de violência extrema. Para tanto, definimos um modelo causal, discutindo e operacionalizando a noção de “Disposicionalidade Violenta” (FANDINO MARINO, 2012b) como variável dependente e estabelecendo quatro campos etiológicos (brutalização, socialização familiar, socialização escolar e socialização comunitária) como variáveis independentes, com base nas contribuições da moderna criminologia, especialmente aquelas de Athens (1992, 1997), Hirschi (2001) e Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990). O estudo incluiu a formação de banco de dados com respostas oferecidas por 111 jovens - de sexo masculino, oriundos de áreas de exclusão e de faixa etária relativamente homogênea, ligados a instituições de onde se poderia esperar ampla variedade de disposicionalidade violenta, incluindo violência extrema. Os questionários aplicados e combinados nesse estudo foram a Escala de Socialização Violenta (Violent Socialization Scale Questionnaire), desenvolvida por Rhodes et al (2003) e o High School Questionnaire, Richmond Youth Study (HIRSCHI, 2001), adaptado. A pesquisa envolveu também uma parte qualitativa, com entrevistas em profundidade (abordagem de histórias de vida) com um grupo de adolescentes e jovens adultos envolvidos em atos infracionais graves, internos em unidades da Fundação de Atendimento Socioeducativo (Fase) do RS, e um grupo pareado de amigos de infância desses entrevistados, indicados por eles, não envolvidos com o mundo do crime. As técnicas de fatorialização e análise de regressão estatística do tipo stepwise permitiram a operacionalização e a análise etiológica do modelo de 26 variáveis independentes. Quatro delas, a) treinamento violento, b) experiência precoce com drogas ilegais e pequenos delitos, c) expulsão da escola e d) subjugação violenta, apresentaram coeficientes elevados e estatisticamente significativos de influência causal ( β = 0.54, 0.23, 0.20 e -0.19 respectivamente). Elas explicam, juntas, 38,5% da variação da disposicionalidade violenta. Além de testar o manuseio e a profundidade dos campos etiológicos do modelo, a tese demonstra, em seu recorte específico, o papel destacado de um tipo de socialização comunitária – especialmente o treinamento violento – derivado, presumidamente, das relações estabelecidas pelo tráfico de drogas com as juventudes periférias urbanas no Brasil. / The study on the formation of violent young people has as goal to formulate and evaluate, in aggregate level, the most important etiological factors in the formation of attitudinal violent profiles among the adolescents and young adults, notably those profiles identified with extreme violence. In order to do so, we have defined a causal model, discussing and operationalizing the notion of “Violent Dispositionality” (FANDINO MARINO, 2012b) as a dependent variable and establishing four etiological fields (brutalization, family socialization, school socialization and community socialization) as independent variables, on the basis of contributions from modern criminology, especially those from Athens (1992, 1997), Hirschi (2001) e Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990). The study includes data-base formation from answers offered by 111 young males, derived from excluded and poor urban communities, within a relatively homogeneous age range, linked to institutions from where one could expect a large variety of violent dispositionality, including extreme violence. The applied and combined surveys in this study were the Violent Socialization Scale Questionnaire, developed by Rhodes et al (2003) and the High School Questionnaire, Richmond Youth Study (HIRSCHI, 2001), adapted. The research also involved a qualitative aspect, with in depth interviews (life-story approach) with a adolescent and young adult group involved in serious offenses, inmates in Fase (Foundation for Social and Educational Assistence) facilities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul; and a paired group of childhood friends of the inmates, nominated by them as people who had not gotten involved with criminality. The factor analysis and stepwise regression analysis techniques allowed the operationalization and the etiological analysis of the 26 independent variables model. Four of them, a) violent coaching; b) premature experience with ilegal drugs and misdemeanors; c) expulsion from school; d) violent subjugation, presented elevated and statistically significant coefficients of causal influence ( β = 0.54, 0.23, 0.20 e -0.19 respectively). The four variables explain, together, 38,5% of the violent dispositionality variation. Besides testing the handling and depth of the etiological fields of the model, the thesis demonstrates, in its specific frame, the prominent role of community socialization - specially through violent coaching - which presumably derives from the relations established between drug trafficking and the youth of poor urban communities in Brazil.

Orientador: Maria Coleta de Oliviera / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T20:50:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Romio_JackelineAparecidaFerreira_M.pdf: 901995 bytes, checksum: 44af158f3981ec8b281dba05f7dbcee0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar as formas de violência urbana e doméstica contra a mulher através da análise das mortes por agressão/homicídios, assim como as possíveis conexões, similaridades e diferenças de raça/cor nestes óbitos. Utilizamos dois tipos de fonte de dados de mortalidade: as Declarações de Óbito (SIM/MS) de 2000 a 2005 e os Boletins de Ocorrência (INFOCRIM/SSP-SP) de 2005. Para as informações sobre o perfil da população exposta ao risco de morte foram utilizados o Censo Demográfico 2000, de responsabilidade do IBGE e as projeções populacionais elaboradas pelo SEADE. A unidade espacial de análise foi o Município de São Paulo. Com este estudo demonstramos que as causas externas são a primeira causa de morte entre homens e mulheres da faixa de 15 a 24 anos; as agressões dentre as causas externas também é a principal causa de morte nesta faixa etária; a violência urbana também é detectada na morte feminina por homicídio, detectamos diferencias de raça/cor em todas as análises / Abstract: The objective of this research was to study the urban and domestic ways of violence against the woman, through deaths for aggression/homicides analysis, as well as the possible connections, similarities and differences of race/color of these deaths. We use two types of sources of mortality data: the Declarations of Death (SIM/MS), between 2000 to 2005, and Occurrence Reports (INFOCRIM/SSP-SP), 2005. The Demographic Census of 2000 and the population projections elaborated by the SEADE were used for information about the population exposed at risk of death profile. The space unit of analysis is the City of São Paulo. With this study we demonstrate that the external causes are the first cause of death between men and women of the age 15 to 24 years; the homicide amongst the xi external causes also are the main causes of death in this age group; the urban violence also is detected in the feminine death by homicide, we detected differentiates according to racein all analyses data / Mestrado / Demografia / Mestre em Demografia

Introdução: A alta prevalência de transtornos mentais na população geral pode refletir no aumento de pessoas nos serviços de emergência de hospitais gerais em sua maioria apresentando queixas de sintomas de um transtorno mental ou de alteração do comportamento. O comportamento violento pode estar associado ao transtorno mental e a agressão por parte desses indivíduos é considerado um problema grave que vem sendo vivenciado nos serviços de saúde, principalmente nas unidades psiquiátricas de curta permanência. Por passarem mais tempo na interação com o paciente, o enfermeiro e a equipe de enfermagem ficam sujeitos à agressão derivada do comportamento violento. A abordagem que a equipe irá adotar depende das suas crenças e atitudes diante das causas desse tipo de comportamento, pois, as mesmas afetarão na qualidade da assistência prestada ao indivíduo e os possíveis danos físicos e psicológicos ao próprio profissional. Objetivo: verificar as atitudes e visões de manejo de enfermeiros de Serviços de atendimento em Urgência e Emergência Psiquiátrica frente ao comportamento violento. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório e transversal realizado em 17 serviços públicos referenciados de atendimento psiquiátrico da cidade de São Paulo com uma amostra de 185 enfermeiros que trabalhavam nesses locais. Para coleta de dados foram utilizados a The Management of Aggression and Violence Attitude Scale (MAVAS-BR) e um questionário com dados sociodemográficos. Para análise, os dados foram agrupados em um banco construído no Statistical Package for Social Sciences onde se realizou análise exploratória com frequência absoluta e relativa e medidas de locação (média/mediana) e dispersão (desvio-padrão) para cada item e dos quatro fatores da escala. Para interpretação, quanto menor a média mais a concordância com o fator ou item da escala. Resultados: As atitudes dos enfermeiros estão mais relacionadas aos modelos externo e situacional ou interacional de explicação para o comportamento violento, os participantes mostraram-se mais favoráveis com utilização de métodos de controle para manejo do mesmo. Referente às visões de manejo, concordaram com o uso dos manejos de controle que podem indicar fatores como falta de conhecimento dos enfermeiros em utilizar os manejos não físicos e escassez de recursos humanos nos serviços de saúde. Conclusão: Esse estudo fornece subsídios para elaboração de estratégias educacionais para que o enfermeiro adquira conhecimento e segurança nas intervenções frente a pacientes que apresentem comportamento violento, sugerindo que novas pesquisas sejam realizadas sobre esse fenômeno ainda pouco explorado no contexto brasileiro e latino Americano. / Introduction: The high prevalence of mental disorders in the general population may reflect an increase of people in general hospital emergency services, in which mostly of them presenting complaints of symptoms of a mental disorder or behavioral disorder. Violent behavior may be associated with mental disorder and the aggression on the part of these individuals is considered a serious problem that is being experienced in the health services, especially in the short-stay psychiatric units. Because one will spend more time interacting with the patient, the nurse and a nursing staff members are subject to aggression derived from violent behavior. The approach adopted by the members of the nursing staff will depend on their beliefs and attitudes towards the causes of this type of behavior, cause these kind of behavior will affect the assistances quality provided for the individual and may cause physical and psychological damage for the professionals themselves. Objective: to verify the nurses attitudes and views towards violent behaviour in the urgent care and psychiatric. Method: This is a descriptive, exploratory and cross-sectional study carried out in 17 public services referenced in psychiatric care in the city of São Paulo, with a sample of 185 nurses who worked in these places. For the data collection the management attitude scale of aggression and violence (MAVAS-BR) \"and a questionnaire with sociodemographic data were used. For analysis, the data were grouped in a bank built in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences where an exploratory analysis was carried out with absolute and relative frequency and measurements of lease (mean / median) and dispersion (standard deviation / quartiles / minimum / maximum) for each item and each of the four scale factors. For interpretation, the lower the mean, the greater the agreement with the scale factor or item. Results: Nurses\' attitudes are more related to external and situational or interactional models of explanation for violent behavior, the participants were found to be more favorable to the use of control methods to manage it. Regarding management visions, they agreed on the use of control measures that may indicate factors such as lack of knowledge of nurses to use non-physical management and shortage of human resources in health services. Conclusion: This study provides support for the elaboration of educational strategies so that the nurse can acquire knowledge and safety in the interventions against patients who present violent behavior, suggesting that new researches have to be done on this phenomenon still little explored in the Brazilian and Latin American context.

O humor vítreo (HV) é um gel aquoso, transparente e incolor, situado entre o cristalino e a retina. Ele pode ser uma ferramenta para determinação de drogas de abuso, sobretudo quando é impossível fazer a determinação em sangue devido à sua ausência ou sua deterioração, por exemplo em casos de exsanguinação, embalsamento e carbonização. As drogas e seus metabólitos passam para o HV por difusão passiva e, de modo geral, a concentração dos analitos no HV é similar às concentrações obtidas no sangue. A cocaína e a benzoilecgonina são facilmente detectadas na matriz. Por outro lado, a difusão da morfina é bem limitada. O maior interesse do estudo de opioides é a análise de 6-acetilmorfina, que pode diferenciar o uso de heroína e morfina. O delta-9-tetrahidrocanabinol é uma molécula muito polar e fortemente ligada a proteínas plasmáticas, o que limita a sua difusão para o HV. Entre as anfetaminas, a metilenodioximetanfetamina e a metanfetamina são as moléculas mais estudadas no HV. Foi desenvolvido e validado um método utilizando GC-MS para análise simultânea de cocaína, anfetaminas, opioides, canabinoides e respectivos metabólitos em HV. Os analitos de interesse foram extraídos do HV utilizando extração em fase sólida e analisadas por GC-MS, utilizando o modo de aquisição SIM. A faixa de linearidade foi de 10 a 1000 ng/mL para todos os analitos, com exceção do éster de metilanidroecgonina (10 a 750 ng/mL). A exatidão variou de 95,6 a 104,0%, a precisão inter-ensaio variou de 1,2 a 10,0% e a precisão intra-ensaio foi menor que 10,4% para todos os analitos. O limite de quantificação para todas as drogas foi de 10 ng/mL e a recuperação variou de 70,4 a 100,1% para compostos básicos e neutros, entretanto os compostos ácidos apresentaram baixa recuperação - menor que 40%. A dosagem de etanol foi realizada por GC-FID e extração por headspace. Os métodos validados foram aplicados em 250 amostras de HV coletadas de vítimas de morte violentas nos anos de 2011 e 2012 que foram necropsiadas no Departamento Médico Legal de Vitória - ES. A maioria das vítimas era do sexo masculino (85,4%) e a causa mais comum de morte foi homicídio (46,2%), destes, 89,5% foram mortos por disparo de arma de fogo. Os acidentes de trânsito corresponderam a 44,1%; suicídio, 2,4%; e outras mortes totalizaram 7,2% das amostras. Substâncias psicoativas (álcool e drogas) foram positivas em 60,4% dos casos. Em 23,2% das amostras foi quantificada cocaína e/ou seu metabólito, e em um terço destes foi identificado o uso de crack. O álcool estava presente em 19,2% dos casos e a associação entre cocaína e álcool em 12,8% dos casos. Outras drogas incluíram anfetaminas (13 casos) e codeína (1 caso). Quando comparadas as concentrações das drogas pesquisadas no sangue e HV, a anfetamina e metanfetamina mostraram boa correlação entre as duas matrizes. A 6-acetilmorfina encontrada no HV foi utilizada para demonstrar o uso de heroína, uma vez que as concentrações foram mais altas do que no sangue. Entretanto, o HV não pode ser utilizado como amostra alternativa para detecção de canabinoides. / Vitreous humor is the aqueous gel located between the lens and retina. Vitreous humor is a useful alternative postmortem matrix for the detection of drugs, particularly in death investigations where postmortem blood is not available or is of limited quality or quantity (e.g. after hemorrhagic shock, burns, embalming or decomposition processes). Drugs and their metabolites enter the vitreous humor by passive diffusion from blood across the blood-vitreous barrier. Vitreous humor concentrations are often similar to the drug concentrations in the circulation blood. Cocaine and benzoylecgonine are easily detected in this matrix. On the order hand, morphine diffusion is limited. The interest in opiates is due to 6-acetylmorphine, which is stable in vitreous humor and can confirm heroin abuse. Drugs that are highly protein-bound, such as THC, achieve lower vitreous humor concentrations as only the free fraction can cross the blood-vitreous barrier. Methamphetamine and methylenodioxymetamphetamine are also detected in vitreous humor. A GC-MS method for simultaneous analysis of cocaine, amphetamines, opiates, cannabinoids and its metabolites in vitreous humor was developed and fully validated. Vitreous humor samples were extracted using solid phase extraction and analyzed by GC-MS in SIM mode. For all analytes the linearity ranged from 10 to 1000 ng/mL, excepted for anydroecgonine methylester which ranged from 10 to 750 ng/mL. Inter-assay imprecision ranged from 1.2 to 10.0% and intra-assay imprecision was less than 10.4% for all analytes at all QC concentrations. Accuracy ranged from 95.6 to 104.0% and recoveries ranging from 70.4 - 100.1% for basic and neutral compounds, the acids compounds had poor recovery (less than 40%). The limits of detection were up to 1.0 ng/mL. Ethanol was quantified by headspace extraction and GC-FID. The validated methodology was applied to 250 vitreous humor samples collected from violent death victims between 2011 and 2012 in the Departamento Médico Legal de Vitória - ES. Most of the victims were male (85.4%) and the most common cause of death was homicide (46.2%), in which 89.5 occurred by firearm shot. Traffic accident represented 44.1%, suicide 2.4% and other deaths 7.2%. Psychoactive substances (alcohol and?or drugs of abuse) were positive in 60.4% of the cases. Cocaine was quantified in 23.2% of the samples and one third was positive for crack cocaine. Ethanol was present in 19.2% of the cases and the association between cocaine and alcohol in 12.8%. Other drugs included amphetamines (13 cases) and codeine (1 case). When comparing the drug concentrations in blood and vitreous humor, amphetamine and methamphetamine showed a good correlation. 6-acetylmorphine in vitreous humor can demonstrate heroine abuse and its concentration is higher in vitreous humor than in blood. However, vitreous humor is not a good matrix for the detection of cannabinoids.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-04T10:47:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marciamathiasdemiranda.pdf: 413524 bytes, checksum: 904092a245205f93e14b8479b1734f35 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-08T13:26:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marciamathiasdemiranda.pdf: 413524 bytes, checksum: 904092a245205f93e14b8479b1734f35 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T13:26:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marciamathiasdemiranda.pdf: 413524 bytes, checksum: 904092a245205f93e14b8479b1734f35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-26 / A proposta de reabilitação do criminoso, bem como a busca por alternativas efetivas que possam encontrar investimentos políticos e subsequente redução da incidência de crimes, é algo que ganha um grande espaço nas produções acadêmicas norte-americanas. O vigor da reabilitação, bem como a pertinência das propostas reabilitativas no campo das políticas criminais tem sido objeto de defesa por muitos teóricos norte-americanos. Há, no entanto, uma grande lacuna entre o que é produzido academicamente em defesa da reabilitação, e o que opera, no campo político com propostas de reabilitar. O que se encontra hoje, nas políticas criminais norte-americanas é um grande investimento nas ações punitivas, com uma grande aposta no encarceramento e na filosofia da Deterrence apresentando-se a partir de uma retórica de reabilitar, mas atingindo, em contraste a isto, a incapacitação dos indivíduos submetidos ao sistema prisional e influenciando, de forma incisiva, o quadro mundial de políticas criminais. Hoje, as perspectivas criminais (Racional Choice, Routine Activity, etc.), especialmente nos Estados Unidos, Europa e América Latina, influenciam as políticas criminais, e legitimam suas práticas. Tais perspectivas compõem o mainstream da Criminologia e concebemos a natureza de seus investimentos como tirando a possibilidade da reabilitação, sustentando a idéia de que além de custosa, a reabilitação não pode se manter dada a periculosidade que o criminoso oferece à sociedade; priorizando a incapacitação de criminosos, generalizando a categoria do perigoso e alcançando o status de verdade e de senso comum. O criminoso violento dentro deste contexto, tomado como uma categoria generalizada, é compreendido como representado por quase a totalidade dos criminosos, uma vez que o criminoso violento vitima e promove sofrimento à vítima e, não há crime sem vítima, nem tampouco vítima sem sofrimento. A resposta ao criminoso violento e suas ações, portanto, é dada pela punição rápida e severa, para que desta forma esteja garantida, a segurança pública. Nos valemos da produção teórica encontrada na literatura norte-americana sobre o tema da reabilitação para defendermos nossa tese de que esta é uma proposta vigorosa e efetiva no campo da política criminal, e que os investimentos em ações pautados em construções teóricas sobre o tema é altamente pertinente, principalmente se destinado ao que é tomado pelo senso comum, mídia e atores políticos como “criminoso violento”. Consideramos o quadro criminal norte-americano atual de ações e abordagens do crime como relevante para se pensar o quadro de políticas criminais mundial, por ele influenciados. / The criminal`s rehabilitation proposal as well as the search for effective alternatives that can get political investments and, subsequently, a decrease in crimes rates have been getting space among academics researches. The rehabilitation`s toughness and the importance of these proposals on the criminal politics have been defended by many north-american researches. There is, however, a huge gap between what is produced about rehabilitation, on the academic field, and what goes on the ground of the political reality with its proposal to rehabilitate the criminal. What is found nowadays in the north-american criminal politics is a massive investment on punitive action, with a focus on incarceration and on the Deterrence`s phisolophy, hiding itself under a rehabilitative rethoric, but reaching, by the contrast, the individual`s impairment that are submitted to the prison system and influencing, strongly, the international criminal politics. Nowadays, the criminal perspective (Racional Choice, Routine Activity etc), especially, in the United Stares, Europe and Latin America, influence the criminal politics e legitimize their practices. Such theories comprise the mainstream of Criminology and we conceive the nature of their investments as strategies that take the possibility of rehabilitation. According to those perspectives, apart from being expensive, the rehabilitation can not be kept given the peril that the criminal represents for society. Besides, this mainstream vision prioritises the criminals` impairment, generalizing the category of a dangerous individual and reaching, at the same time, the status of truth and common sense. The violent criminal, in this context, as a general category, is taken for grant as an example of every criminal given the fact that this kind of behaviour victimizes and makes the victim suffer – and there is no crime without victim neither victim without suffering. The answer to the violent criminal and his actions, thus, is given by a quick punishment in order to guarantee the public security. We take into account the theoretical production in north-american literature about the rehabilitation issue in order to defend our idea that this is a vigorous and effective proposal on the field of criminal politics. Moreover, we defend that the investment on theoretical constructions about this issue is highly significant, especially if it is focused on what is taken for the common sense, mass media and political actor as a violent criminal. We consider the criminal American framework of actions and approaches towards crime as relevant to think through the international criminal politics influenced by it.

The causes of violent conflicts in Ethiopia in general, and in Gambella in particular, are complex. Critically examining and explaining the causes entails going beyond labelling them solely in terms of one variable, such as 'ethnic conflict‘. The contestation of the study is that contemporary conflicts in Ethiopia have remained protracted, untransformed and recurring. This is largely because the past processes which gave rise to them were not properly taken into account and not properly comprehended, thereby giving rise to much superficiality in their explanations, inappropriate policies and a failure of efforts at apprehending them. The thesis identifies four major factors and two contrasting narratives which have framed the analysis of conflict complexity in Gambella. Qualitatively designed, the study focuses mainly on the structural causes of violent conflicts since 1991 and how their constituent elements were conceived and explained by different actors. First, asymmetrical centre-periphery relations entrenched in the state building processes of the imperial and military regimes, continued under the present regime rendering Gambella an object of extraction and repression. Consequently, competing claims of ownership of Gambella between the Anywaa and the Nuer ethnic groups evolved entailing shifting allegiances to the central government. Second, ethnic politics of the new social contract ushered in a new thinking of ‗each ethnic group for itself‘; it made ethnic federalism a means of consolidating the regime‘s political philosophy, depriving the local community of a genuine political representation, leading to broader, deeper and more serious violence. Third, land policy of the incumbent favoured its political party affiliates and foreign investors, thus inducing more violence. Finally, external dynamics impacted on internal conflict complexity. The study has argued that single factor approaches are inadequate to explain what has constituted violent conflicts in Gambella since 1991; it has concluded that internal conflicts are complex, and their constituent elements are conceived of, and explained, differently by the local peoples and different levels of government. Nevertheless, given commitment and a political will, the local and national governments, as well as peoples at grassroots level, have the capacity to transform the present, and to prevent future violent conflicts in the region.

The present dissertation, a prerequisite for the conclusion of the Master in Education at the Postgraduate Program in Education of the Federal University of Santa Maria, is tied to the research line: School Practice and Public Policy. This is a qualitative-quantitative research, a case study type. Portrays the violent conflicts of bullying at school and their entanglements with the Restorative Justice. Aims at understanding how violent conflict are presented in school and the characteristics that define the practice of bullying, its characters and forms of intervention. Raises the issue of judicialization of school conflicts and the existence of another lens for conflictive resolution under the restorative bias. Presents Restorative Justice, its application in Brazil and structure of the Restorative Circles. Through research, it was found that Restorative Justice favors the performance of teachers and students, as a useful tool in confronting and preventing violent conflict of bullying at school. / A presente dissertação, pré-requisito para a conclusão do curso de Mestrado em Educação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, está vinculada a linha de pesquisa: Práticas Escolares e Políticas Públicas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quali-quanti, do tipo estudo de caso. Retrata os conflitos violentos de bullying na escola e seus entrelaçamentos com a Justiça Restaurativa. Objetiva compreender como os conflitos violentos se apresentam na escola e as características que definem as práticas de bullying, seus personagens e formas de intervenção. Suscita a problemática da judicialização dos conflitos escolares e a existência de outra lente para resolução conflitiva, sob o viés restaurativo. Apresenta a Justiça Restaurativa, sua aplicação no Brasil e a estrutura dos Círculos Restaurativos. Com a pesquisa, constatou-se que a Justiça Restaurativa favorece a atuação de professores e alunos, como ferramenta útil no enfrentamento e prevenção dos conflitos violentos de bullying na escola.

"The Issue of an Offender's Personality in Criminology" The main purpose of this thesis was to enlighten the offender's personality in terms of the causes of criminal behavior. The opening chapter clarifies the basic terminology used in the thesis. These are specifically criminology, criminality and delinquency and the term offender - there is explanation of the difference between criminological point of view and the viewpoint of criminal law. Criminology deals with the personality of offender and with searching of characteristics typical for the offenders already over one century, therefore the next chapter focuses on criminological schools and significant criminological theories. However, the efforts to create complex typology which could identify the offender and distinguish him from the rest of the population were abandoned. Third chapter describes current approaches to offender's personality, its psychological research and there is also mentioned motivation of offenders for committing crimes. Main topic of the second half of this thesis is personality of offender of violent crimes with the specific focus on personality of offenders of domestic violence crimes. Unfortunately, there are no specific signs of these offenders and offender of violent crimes including domestic violence can be...

The current study aimed to examine subgroups with different levels of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder-symptoms and anxiety symptoms and how these differedregarding involvement in delinquent behavior, aggression and commitment of violent acts.We hypothesized that four subgroups would be identified, and the subgroup with high levelsof both ADHD and anxiety symptoms would report equal levels on total delinquency asadolescents with ADHD only and that it would be mostly common among adolescent boyswith ADHD to have concurrent anxiety symptoms. We also hypothesized that symptoms ofhyperactivity/impulsivity would be more related to the predicted outcomes than symptoms ofinattention. The study was conducted through self-reports of 1072 adolescent boys and girlsfrom a community-based sample in Sweden. The results of the k-mean cluster analysisrevealed four different subgroups with different levels of ADHD and anxiety symptoms,labeled ADHD-anxiety, ADHD-only, anxiety-only and non-symptom. Further, one-wayAnalysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that the ADHD-only subgroup reportedsignificantly higher on total delinquency and aggression than the other subgroups. ADHDanxietysubgroup reported significantly higher on minor property offenses and commitment ofviolent acts. 2x4 Factorial ANOVA revealed that anxiety were more common amongadolescent boys. Thus, inattention was found to be more strongly related to the predictedoutcomes than symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity. These findings suggest thatadolescents with concurrent ADHD and anxiety might need different intervention andtreatment approaches.

This thesis is devoted to the issue of non-violent resistance. It focuses on identifying factors that affect the success of non-violent campaigns. The paper presents and compares different types of resistance in achieving strategic objectives, particularly in terms of post-conflict democratic order of the country. The central premise of this thesis is that nonviolent campaigns bring a more fertile ground for developing a democratic regime opposed to their violent counterparts. The analyzed object in this paper is the Arab Spring in Egypt, specifically the course and the outcome of this non-violent revolution of 2011. The aim of this study is to identify the factors that influenced the course of the uprising and which ultimately led to the backfiring of this seemingly successful non-violent struggle in Egypt.