Pas de résumé / Doctorat en sciences politiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

O processo de diversificação da topologia bancária brasileira iniciado na década de 1990 com o Plano Real foi ancorado numa política de privatização e desnacionalização dos entes financeiros e chegou ao ápice no ano de 2003, mediante a Resolução n. 3.156, emitida pelo Banco Central do Brasil, propiciando o uso dos serviços de correspondentes no País a qualquer instituição financeira. Se por um lado, tal medida estava estreitamente ligada à política de bancarização levada a efeito pelo Governo Federal (que passaria a fazer uso da rede de correspondentes para distribuição de recursos a segmentos da população que historicamente viviam à margem do sistema bancário tradicional), por outro, serviu de alavanca a diversas instituições financeiras, especialmente os bancos de pequeno e médio portes que, desprovidos de uma rede de agências, encontraram no correspondente uma forma de ampliação de sua capilaridade. Nesse sentido, a prestação do serviço bancário com distintos níveis de capital, tecnologia, organização e trabalho expressa novas relações de complementaridade entre os circuitos (superior, superior marginal e inferior) da economia urbana, ao mesmo tempo em que altera o papel exercido pelo banco, anteriormente único responsável pelas atividades do circuito superior. Nessa perspectiva, buscou-se, no presente trabalho, entender as relações entre o sistema bancário e os circuitos da economia urbana no processo de autonomização da esfera financeira no território brasileiro, tomando como exemplo o estado de Alagoas. Para tanto, fez-se necessário uma avaliação das topologias que expressam a rede bancária no território alagoano, considerando-se a base material, os produtos financeiros e a prestação dos serviços. A partir de pesquisa de campo nos municípios de Girau do Ponciano, Campo Grande e Traipu foi possível identificar que a concessão de crédito consignado se realiza através de novos nexos entre o circuito superior (o banco), o superior marginal (as promotoras de crédito e os correspondentes, que são empresas terceirizadas) e o inferior (o agente de crédito, que representa a garantia dos lucros de uma parte considerável de bancos que vendem seus produtos sem possuir uma única agência no estado). Dessa forma, desvelou-se o acirramento da divisão do trabalho bancário e o processo de espoliação, centrado no aumento vertiginoso do consumo de dinheiro concomitante ao crescente endividamento. Esse processo denota a perpetuação do circuito inferior, tanto no que concerne ao consumo quanto à própria prestação do serviço, ou seja, a realização do trabalho. / The process of diversification of the Brazilian banking topology started in the 1990s with the Real Plan, was anchored in a privatization and denationalization policy of the financial entities which came to a head in 2003, by Resolution no. 3156, issued by the Central Bank of Brazil, allowing the use of corresponding services in the country by any financial institution. On one hand, such a measure was closely linked to the banking policy carried out by the Federal Government (which would make use of the matching network for the distribution of resources to segments of the population that historically lived on the margins of the traditional banking system) in the other, served as a lever to various financial institutions, especially small and medium banks devoid of a network of agencies, met in the corresponding a way to expand its capillarity. In this sense, the provision of banking services with different levels of capital, technology, work and organization express new relations of complementarity between the circuits (upper, upper marginal and lower) of the urban economy, while amending the role played by the bank that was previously solely responsible for the activities of the upper circuit. In this perspective, we sought in the present work, to understand the relationship between the banking system and the circuits of the urban economy in the process of empowerment of the financial sphere in Brazil, taking as an example the state of Alagoas. To do so, it was necessary an evaluation of topologies expressing banking network in Alagoas\' territory, considering the base material, financial products and provision of services. From field research in the counties of Girau Ponciano, Campo Grande and Traipu was possible to identify that the granting of payroll loans is done through new connections between the upper circuit (the bank), the upper marginal (promoters and credit correspondents, who are subcontractors) and the bottom (lower) (the loan officer, who is the guarantee of the profits of a considerable part of banks that sell their products without having a single agency in the state). Thus, was unveiled the intensification of the banking division of labor and dispossession process, centered on the rise of money consumption concomitant with increasing debt. This process denotes the perpetuation of the lower circuit, both as regards consumption as to provide the service itself, in other words, the work realization.

O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu na identificação de elementos valorativos e perceptivos que o Poder Judiciário tem em relação ao agente de segurança penitenciária (ASP), discriminando temas, ênfases e tendências. Para a sua consecução, foram realizadas oito entrevistas semidirigidas com juízes atuantes em Varas de Execução Criminal do Estado de São Paulo. A apresentação do estado da arte demonstrou a pluralidade de ângulos sob os quais a temática relativa aos agentes penitenciários vem sendo estudada. O levantamento bibliográfico revelou ser escassa a literatura sobre a percepção do Poder Judiciário acerca dos ASPs. Foram criadas, a partir das entrevistas realizadas, dez categorias de análise: preparo, papel e formas de atuação do ASP; relacionamento entre os ASPs e o Poder Judiciário; relacionamento entre ASP e preso; relacionamento entre ASP e a direção da unidade prisional em que trabalham; probidade dos ASPs; vulnerabilidade e segurança do ASP no exercício da sua profissão; valorização, por parte do Poder Judiciário, do depoimento do ASP; condições de trabalho do ASP; fatores emocionais relacionados ao trabalho do ASP; impacto do crime organizado na atuação do ASP. Da apresentação e análise dos dados resultaram 18 súmulas analítico-descritivas. No capítulo destinado às conclusões, foram apresentadas as principais contribuições desta pesquisa, as quais consistiram na identificação dos principais temas que premeiam a visão do Judiciário sobre os ASPs e dentro deles as tendências e as ênfases prevalecentes. Estes temas foram agrupados em cinco linhas perceptivas: função do ASP: ressocializadora vs. disciplinar ênfase sobre a valorização da ressocialização; poder do ASP tendência dos juízes em respaldar o ASP para aumentar seu poder e ênfase no rearranjo no equilíbrio de poder em face da atuação das facções criminosas; influência da facção criminosa no trabalho do ASP ênfase sobre o atentado à probidade do agente e ao aumento de vulnerabilidade dos ASPs; impactos psicossociais do trabalho do ASP ênfase no adoecimento decorrente da prática profissional e no processo de prisionalização; e contexto de atuação do ASP ênfase na insalubridade e nos aspectos relativos à carreira do ASP. A seguir, é apresentado um conjunto de reflexões críticas com base nos resultados da pesquisa, na análise da literatura estudada e em diálogo com as vivências profissionais da pesquisadora. Em seguida, foram sugeridos temas para novas pesquisas e, por fim, propostas de interação envolvendo os principais especialistas e atores no processo de execução penal. / The objective of this work is to identify the perceptions and value attributed to Penitentiary Correctional Officers (PCOs) by the Judiciary, pointing out themes, emphases, and trends. This work was accomplished through eight semi-directed interviews conducted with judges active in the Criminal Court on the Enforcement of Sentences of the State of Sao Paulo. The execution of this work has demonstrated the wide array of ways in which correctional officers are studied. The bibliographical search has revealed a scarcity of literature referring to the Judiciary\'s perception of the PCOs. Ten categories of analysis emerged from the interviews conducted: the preparation, role and work of the PCOs; the relationship between the PCOs and the Judiciary; the relationship between the PCO and the incarcerated; the relationship between the PCOs and the management of the prison unit in which they work; probity of the PCOs; vulnerability and security of the PCOs in the workplace; credit of the PCOs testament, as perceived by the Judiciary; work conditions of the PCOs; emotional factors related to the work of the PCOs; and the impact of organized crime in the work of the PCOs. The presentation and analysis of the data resulted in 18 descriptive-analytic summaries. The concluding chapter presents the main contributions of this research, consisting in the identification of the main themes that inform the vision of the Judiciary regarding PCOs and its prevailing emphases and trends. These themes were grouped into five lines of thought: the function of the PCO: resocializing vs. disciplinary - emphasis on the value of resocialization: the power of the PCO - the tendency of the judges in supporting PCOs to increase their power and the emphasis in the rearrangement of the balance of power vis-a-vis criminal factions; the influence of the criminal faction in the work of the PCO -- emphasis on the attempts to discredit PCOs and increasing vulnerability of the PCOs; psycho-social impact of the work of the PCO - emphasis on illness associated with the work and imprisonment; and context of the work of the PCO - emphasis on the unhealthfulness relative to the career of the PCO. Next follow critical reflections based on research results, the analysis of the literature review, and in dialogue with the professional experiences of the researcher. Following that is a presentation of themes for future research and, finally, a proposal for the evolving interaction of the primary specialists and actors in the process of penal execution.

Lors de la période de guerres civiles (49-31 a.C.) qui marqua la fin de la République, les armées, guidées par des imperatores rivaux, jouèrent un rôle central sur la scène politique romaine. Notre étude s’est portée sur l’encadrement des armées dans cette période. Comme dans toute armée, l’obéissance, la discipline voire le dévouement des troupes étaient assurés par des cadres militaires que l’on pourrait qualifier d’officiers, préfets, tribuns militaires, questeurs et légats. On a créé une base de données recensant l’ensemble des conduites individuelles de ces cadres des armées tardo-républicaines. On s’est livré d’abord à une analyse de la position institutionnelle de ces personnages, de leurs fonctions et de la chaîne de commandement dans laquelle ils s’inséraient. On a ensuite examiné les compétences et la formation de ces personnages, qui ne connurent pas de professionnalisation et n’étaient pas des techniciens. Enfin, le rôle politique de ces officiers qui étaient des partisans politiques des imperatores, a fait l’objet d’un examen d’ensemble. / During the Civil Wars which marked the end of the Republican Period in Rome, armies, led by rival imperatores, were important actors of the Roman political scene. This study is about the military cadres during this period. As in any army, obedience, discipline and loyalty were based on the action of military cadres, who can be considered as officers, such as prefects, military tribunes, quaestors and legates. I have created a database, grouping the whole individual actions of these military cadres in late-republican armies. First, I have made an analysis of the institutional positions of these officers, I have studied their functions, and the command chain they were part of. Then, I have studied the competences and the military formation of these individuals, who were not professionals nor technicians. Finally, the political role of these officers, who were kinsmen of the great imperatores, is analysed.

Ce travail étudie une catégorie socio-professionnelle méconnue de l'époque moderne : les commissaires aux classes et ceux qui en faisaient fonction de 1668 à 1795. Il retrace l'évolution de cet office au cours de la période, en mettant au jour les modifications apportées par les différents secrétaires d'État : ceux-ci cherchent à mieux circonscrire les charges dévolues aux commissaires, s'appuyant sur les nombreux rapports, correspondances et mémoires rédigés dans les ports, en temps de guerre comme en temps de paix. Mais au-delà de la fonction, souvent protéiforme (de la levée des classes aux inspections de bâtiments), il y a les hommes mêmes, des hommes de terrain, souvent commissaires de père en fils, qui tissent auprès des gens de mer de véritables réseaux (familiaux, professionnels) qui compensent leur image ambivalente. Critiqués, ils jouent pourtant dans les quartiers qu'ils ont en charge un rôle de modérateur social jusqu’ici largement ignoré. L'étude se propose de montrer comment au fil des ans ces hommes de plume se sont mués en agents d’administration. Elle met également en évidence la naissance de dynasties constituant et s’intégrant à des clientèles plus vastes, conscientes tout autant de leurs devoirs que de leurs prérogatives vis-à-vis de l'épée. Deux études de cas, l’une présentant l’émergence d’une de ces dynasties et l’autre analysant un procès en prévarication, illustrent les thèses avancées. Le volume II présente un dictionnaire biographique de 440 responsables des classes, permettant de mieux se représenter la réalité tant numérique que sociologique de ces cadres de l'administration maritime. / This study analyses a widely unknown 18th century socio-professional category: the commissaires des classes. The French government's system of naval conscription created by Colbert in 1668 divided the realm into several districts, each one directed by an officier des classes. Although they are a reliable source on the French seamen, no one ever wondered who they were, what their social background was and how they managed to fulfill the government's requests concerning naval conscription. The Secretaries of State for the Navy tried to turn them from simple clerks to officers of administration. Thus emerged many unofficial functions, such as: social appeasement, financial help for seamen and closer relations with the littoral authorities (municipalities, merchants, ship-owners) than ever suspected. Their image proved to be ambivalent: they were loathed because they embodied the Royal Law but also praised for their social work. Difficulties in wartime forced them to rise to the occasion. The study of their work through their letters and reports to the Ministry, their administrative production (registration rolls) and the up to now widely unused personal files kept in the National Archives also revealed that they built dynasties of administrators intimately linked with clientelist networks within the maritime districts and at the Court. Acting as a lobby group, these families were keen on keeping their privileges and on preserving their interests in spite of the numerous reforms held by the Ministers throughout the 18th century. A biographical dictionary of 440 officers of classes completes this study, revealing the sociological reality of this administrative key group.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciano Brito Caribe.pdf: 416007 bytes, checksum: 100c60318dda68566dbe7a480922f766 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-18 / This work aims at a scientific approach towards the scope and framing of sections 134 and 135 of the Brazilian Tax Code, as well as the other rules related to the limits of fiscal responsibility to partners and executive officers of legal entities, a very relevant subject in the relations between the tax authority and taxpayers. This topic is very important, as we can observe the usage of the patrimonial separation of the legal entity by malicious entrepreneurs as a way to flee from tax payments. On the other hand, the abuses committed by the tax authority are clearly shown, as it has been directly suing partners and executive officers without any regard to the principles and prescriptions of our National Tax System. Our conclusions point towards the need of a stronger rigorousness by the tax authority in attributing tax responsibility to partners and executive officers of corporations. And this attribution must be done in administrative proceedings, where the imposition is formed / O presente trabalho visa a uma abordagem científica do enquadre e do alcance da prescrição normativa dos arts. 134 e 135 do Código Tributário Nacional, dispositivos estes correlatos aos limites para a atribuição de responsabilidade tributária aos sócios e aos dirigentes de pessoas jurídicas, assunto muito relevante nas relações entre o Fisco e os contribuintes. O tema tem grande importância, na medida em que percebemos empresários mal intencionados usarem a separação patrimonial da personalidade jurídica como uma forma de evadirem-se de pagar tributos. Por outro lado, evidenciam-se os abusos cometidos pelo Fisco que se tem insurgido diretamente em face dos sócios e dirigentes das empresas, por intermédio das ações de execução fiscal, sem ao menos obedecer aos princípios e às prescrições impostas pelo nosso sistema tributário nacional. Nossas conclusões apontam para a necessidade de um maior rigor por parte do Fisco na atribuição de responsabilidade tributária aos sócios e aos dirigentes de pessoas jurídicas. E que essa atribuição se dê no curso dos processos administrativos de constituição dos tributos

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T11:21:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ELIO GOMES PEREIRA.pdf: 1944439 bytes, checksum: 195a1cfe566ff78855aab44115a8b8e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-29 / This paper presents a study on the teaching given to the officers of the Academy of Military Police of the State of Goiás. Its purpose is to analyze the main changes made to the Curriculum Training Course for Officers of CAPM / GO, especially with regard to courses offered for this and the teaching methodologies adopted by professors. It has been the intention of showing how and why the disciplines of Curriculum have been changing or gradually being replaced due to the regime prevailing Government or due to the need to provide more humanitarian official training for these to improve their professional skills, becoming able to meet the demands of contemporary society. The relevance of this research is the academic-scientific dimension that permeates the track changes disciplinary curriculum and pedagogical practices of teachers involved in teaching military police officers in order to form a professional profile that is able to be responsible for the security of the population civil altruistically, avoiding physical repression and symbolic, feature of the Ideological State Apparatus. The theoretical framework is based on research that address power relations, from the perspective of Foucault (1979), with critical institutions used to perpetuate this power, the history of the military and their teaching according to Ludwig (1998), Germano (1994), Sostré (2010), Castro (2004), Silva (2012) and others. A historical review and conceptualization of police and police teaching at the Academy were conducted through document analysis and curriculum proposals from APM Goiás and other states. In the research were emphasized curriculum of these courses, since the establishment of APM, in 1940, until it is in force. The analysis of these curriculum led to the use of theoretical, focused on the history curriculum advocated by Kelly (1981), Moreira (2012), Pacheco (2001), Silva (2001) and Libâneo (2000). The research methodology was qualitative, using the case study. In the field research, it was decided by observation and interviews with a structured schedule. The informants were selected at random, among the ex-comandantes/ex-diretores APM/GO and former teachers, current teachers and students who attended the 3rd year of officer training in 2012. Through the data obtained, the theoretical framework, the record of observations and interviews can be concluded that the teachinglearning process and curriculum practices currently developed by APM/GO indicate that a differentiation in relation to what happened during the military governments, facing the military police preparation for the defense of the territory. At present, the essence of military education is to prepare the future professional to handle everyday situations, respecting the rights of the citizen. Another relevant conclusion with respect to socio-political changes that characterize the subjects of the current curriculum of the APM/GO, demonstrating a more civil than military. The research also showed that the Academy adopt different teaching methods, with in some cases alternating between positivist and progressivist theory. / A presente dissertação apresenta um estudo sobre o ensino ministrado aos oficiais da Academia de Polícia Militar do Estado de Goiás. Seu propósito é analisar as principais mudanças realizadas na Matriz Curricular do Curso de Formação de Oficiais da CAPM/GO, especialmente quanto às disciplinas oferecidas e às metodologias de ensino adotadas pelos docentes. Tem a pretensão de mostrar como e por que as disciplinas da Grade Curricular vêm sofrendo alterações ou sendo gradativamente substituídas em função do regime de governo predominante ou em decorrência da necessidade de oferecer aos oficiais uma formação mais humanitária para que esses melhorem sua qualificação profissional, tornando-se aptos para atender às exigências da sociedade contemporânea. A relevância dessa investigação consiste na dimensão acadêmico-científica que a permeia ao acompanhar as mudanças disciplinares da matriz curricular e as práticas pedagógicas dos docentes envolvidos no ensino policial militar, visando formar oficiais com um perfil profissiográfico que seja capaz de responsabilizar-se pela segurança da população civil de forma altruísta, evitando a repressão física e simbólica, característica do aparelho ideológico do Estado. O referencial teórico encontra-se fundamentado em pesquisas que abordam as relações de poder, sob a ótica de Foucault (1979), com críticas às instituições usadas para se perpetuar esse poder, a história da instituição militar e de seu ensino segundo Ludwig (1998), Germano (1994), Sostré (2010), Castro (2004), Silva (2012) e outros. A revisão histórica e a conceituação de polícia e de ensino policial na Academia foram realizadas por meio da análise documental e das propostas curriculares da APM de Goiás e de outros estados. Na pesquisa foram enfatizados os currículos desses cursos, desde a criação da APM, em 1940, até ao que se encontra em vigor. A análise desses currículos levou à utilização de referencial teórico voltado para a história de currículo defendida por Kelly (1981), Moreira (2012), Pacheco (2001), Silva (2001) e Libâneo (2000). A metodologia da pesquisa foi qualitativa, utilizandose o estudo de caso. Na pesquisa de campo, a investigação optou pela observação e entrevistas, com roteiro pré-estruturado. Os informantes foram selecionados por amostra aleatória, entre os excomandantes/ ex-diretores da APM/GO e ex-instrutores, atuais instrutores e alunos que frequentaram o 3º ano do curso de formação de oficiais, em 2012. Por meio dos dados obtidos, do referencial teórico, do registro das observações e das entrevistas realizadas, pôde-se concluir que o processo ensino-aprendizagem, bem como as práticas curriculares atualmente desenvolvidas pela APM/GO apontam para uma diferenciação do que ocorria durante os governos militares, voltados para o preparo do policial militar para a defesa do território. Na atualidade, a essência do ensino militar é preparar o futuro profissional para lidar com situações do cotidiano, respeitando os direitos do cidadão. Outra conclusão relevante diz respeito às mudanças sociopolíticas que caracterizam as disciplinas da atual grade curricular da APM/GO, demonstrando um caráter mais civil do que militar. A pesquisa evidenciou também que a Academia adota metodologias de ensino diferenciadas, havendo em alguns casos alternância entre a teoria positivista e uma mais progressista.

Correctional officers work in a coercive environment and as such they are confronted with various challenges on a daily basis. Research found that the unique stressors that correctional officers experience result in stress which can negatively impact their physical and psychological health as well as their family life. However, limited research has been conducted to identify the stressors that are relevant to the South African correctional officer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate South African correctional officers’ lived experiences of their work and work environment and the Employee Assistance Programme and the meaning they attached to them. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were utilised to select the 20 participants from the two correctional centres of the Department of Correctional Services in Worcester, Western Cape. The sample consisted of 11 male and 9 female correctional officers between the ages of 26 and 56 years with a mean age of 43.4. A qualitative approach was utilised to obtain in-depth insights into the lived experiences and attributed meanings of participants. Individual interviews were conducted with the participants by utilising a semi-structured interview guide. A demographic questionnaire was completed by each participant after the interview. The interviews were audio-recorded with the written permission of each participant and transcribed for analysis. Through the use of Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) 7 themes were identified namely: (a) confronting various challenges on a daily basis (b) various dimensions of correctional officers life affected (c) neglect of correctional officers’ well-being (d) coping mechanisms (e) barriers preventing corrections officers from utilising the EAP (f) a recognition of the positive value of the EAP (g) personal meaning derived from work. In addition, the themes consist of various subthemes. The findings of the study suggest that correctional officers are confronted with various challenges on a daily basis, which include lack of input into decision making, lack of support from management, lack of trust in management, pressure caused by staff shortages, lack of resources, inadequate training opportunities and a lack of promotion system. Furthermore, participants revealed that their work and work environment had a negative impact on their physical and psychological health as well as their family life. In addition, participants reported that aspects of their well-being are neglected which include a lack of interest from management in their problems, a lack of recognition and motivation from management as well as a lack of team-building opportunities. Various coping mechanisms were utilised by the participants which seems to act as a buffer against the negative effects of their stressful work and work environment. These coping mechanisms include conflict resolution and communication skills, religion, sport, positive thinking, resilience as well as family and co-worker support. A variety of barriers that prevent participants from using the EAP service that are offered at work were identified. These barriers indicated by the participants included a lack of trust in the EAP, the stigma attached to using the EAP, difficulty relating with the EAP practitioner, a negative perception of the EAP, and insufficient marketing of the EAP. Despite the barriers, participants recognised the overall positive value of the EAP service in the Department of Correctional Service. Participants appear to find meaning in their work. Some participants expressed the satisfaction that they experienced from their job while others expressed the sense of reward that they experience from their job. Recommendations for further research include the evaluation of the EAP programme to determine its effectiveness on a national level, more involvement from management in ground floor correctional officers, providing additional teambuilding oppertunities and reintroducing Wellness Days. A limitation of the study is that only a small sample of correctional officers limited to two correctional facilities in Worcester, Western Cape, was used. Therefore, the findings of the study could not be generalised to the whole population of South African correctional officers. / Psychology

Submitted by Nara Lays Domingues Viana Oliveira (naradv) on 2015-08-31T19:05:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rubia.pdf: 954986 bytes, checksum: a793d93160bbbe61c8240271e361da2b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-31T19:05:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rubia.pdf: 954986 bytes, checksum: a793d93160bbbe61c8240271e361da2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / Com o intuito de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o trabalho de agentes de segurança penitenciária, realizaram-se dois estudos apresentados nesta dissertação. O primeiro deles refere-se a um artigo teórico intitulado: Trabalho penitenciário: Riscos psicossociais à luz da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi refletir, através da literatura, sobre os riscos psicossociais relacionados ao trabalho que podem desencadear prejuízos à saúde do trabalhador penitenciário. A análise do trabalho do agente penitenciário aponta aspectos (físicos, biológicos e psíquicos) que dificultam sua atuação, como também algumas contradições que, por vezes, resultam em interferências na sua saúde física e mental. Percebese, através da literatura, que estes trabalhadores estão expostos a inúmeros fatores que configuram riscos psicossociais, os quais são um importante determinante do estado de saúde mental, sinalizando a necessidade de pensar em um melhor serviço de atendimento à saúde do agente penitenciário. O segundo estudo realizado trata-se de um artigo empírico qualitativo: Prazer e sofrimento no trabalho das agentes de segurança penitenciária. O objetivo foi identificar os aspectos da organização do trabalho que produzem prazer e sofrimento no trabalho das Agentes de Segurança Penitenciária e descrever as estratégias defensivas utilizadas por estas trabalhadoras no seu cotidiano laboral. Para tanto, foi utilizada uma entrevista semiestruturada para a coleta dos dados que contou com oito participantes. Os relatos foram tratados com a utilização de análise de conteúdo. Entre os resultados, os achados apontam vivências de prazer relacionadas à gratificação salarial e à estabilidade no emprego, e à precariedade das condições de trabalho como elemento provocador de sofrimento. As estratégias defensivas que mais se evidenciaram foram a negação e a racionalização. Conclui-se que os profissionais que participaram do estudo tentam encontrar caminhos para a manutenção da saúde, ao utilizarem mecanismos que favorecem o enfrentamento do sofrimento e a busca do prazer. / With the goal of deepening the knowledge of penitentiary security officers, two studies have been performed in this thesis. The first one was a theoretical article entitled: Work penitentiary: psychosocial risks in light of the psychodynamics of work. The goal of this research was to reflect, through the literature, about the psychosocial risks related to labor that can trigger health damage to penitentiary workers. The analysis of the penitentiary agent work has shown aspects (physical, biological and psychological) that encumber their full performance, as well as some contradictions that, sometimes, result in interference in their physical and mental health. It can be seen through literature, these workers are exposed to numerous factors that shape psychosocial risks, which are an important determinants of the mental health state of penitentiary workers, signaling our need to think of a better health care to the penitentiary officer. The second study performed is a qualitative empirical article: Pleasure and suffering in the work of penitentiary officers. The goal was to identify the aspects in the work organization that produce pleasure and the ones that produce suffering in the penitentiary security officers and to describe the defensive strategies used by these workers in their daily labor routine. For such, a semi-structured interview has been used to gather the data that joined eight participants. The reports were treated using content analysis. Among the results, the findings indicate pleasure experience related to salary gratification and the stability in the job, and the poor labor conditions as the element causing the suffering. The defensive strategies that were most apparent were the negation and rationalization. It is concluded that the professional who participated in this study tried to find ways to maintain their health, by using mechanisms that support the confrontation against the suffering and the pursuit of pleasure.

As modern gender movements shift our cultural norms, the literature describing Title IX suggests possibly concerning trends in both hiring and policy. Many university administrations and recent legislation have promoted a defensive, legal-minded and objective approach to handling Title IX cases. Since the April 2011 Dear Colleague Letter, which delivered a mandated timeframe and eased the burden of evidence, the number of cases the Office for Civil Rights have grown significantly. The number of cases continues growing despite huge increases in labor hours and financial resources being diverted to Title IX enforcement. In contrast, research has demonstrated that education, such as bystander training is a proven deterrence to campus sexual assault. By prioritizing investigation and limiting compliance officers legally acceptable options, we have perhaps shifted officers time away from actions which might lead to more positive outcomes including reducing the overall campus-wide criminal incidence frequency. This qualitative case study was designed to explore how higher education compliance officers learn to manage new requirements in a dynamic regulatory environment. The site for the study included private and public colleges and universities in the northeastern part of the U.S. The primary sources of data were in-depth interviews with nineteen Title IX compliance officers supplemented by an extensive review of relevant documents. Key findings that emerged include: (1) A majority of compliance officers defined the need to interpret new regulations with general counsel before communicating resulting changes to stakeholders. (2) All regulators learn through informal learning means; dialogue and critical reflection were universally reported as the most frequent pathways by which regulators made meaning of new regulations. (3) Most compliance officers described sharing information with peers as most helpful to them in completing regulatory tasks. Trends in Title IX compliance hiring and labor hour allocation appear to not address the growing frequency of OCR investigations. Real changes to campus policy, including budget priorities, training and the use of student activists may allow universities to better optimize the money and personal they invest toward Title IX.