The purpose of this study was to examine the use of tablet computers in a Swedish language, classroom. This study aims to investigate student and teacher attitudes when using tablet computers for story writing. One fifth grade classroom was observed on three occasions and a total of six students and three teachers were subsequently interviewed. This study addresses the following questions: <ul type="disc">How are tablet computers used for writing stories in a Swedish classroom?   What opportunities and obstacles do teachers experience when using the tablet computers when it comes to writing stories? Which method was preferred by the students? Writing stories on tablet computers or writing by hand? This qualitative study was based on observations and interviews. Analysis of observations and interviews show that the tablet computers appear to help the students with language, organisation and structure in the writing of stories. However, teachers still need to incorporate both writing by hand and using the tablet computers to ensure competence for real-life situations which still use a mixture of both skills. The results also showed that tablet computers are a useful tool for communication when students help each other in their writing. Classroom observations suggest that tablet computers can act as a mediator tool in the Swedish elementary school classroom primarily as it makes the writing process easier for the students. Analysis of teacher interviews suggest that teachers prefer to have students use tablets as it makes the student’s texts clearer, facilitating assessment.

Au cours du XXème siècle, les domaines autrefois distincts de la communication, de l'information et du divertissement ont peu à peu convergé, sous l'influence de la numérisation des données, du développement d'infrastructures en réseau et de la généralisation du recours à des terminaux dont la caractéristique commune est d'être munis d’écrans. L'écran est donc au centre des bouleversements qui affectent notre rapport au monde puisqu'il est devenu l'intermédiaire essentiel dans un nombre croissant d’interactions humaines, au sein de la « société de l'écran » et même au-delà. En effet, en participant activement à rendre la « fracture numérique » manifeste, l'écran joue un rôle aussi bien par sa présence que par son absence, et la généralisation de son utilisation semble même être une étape cruciale pour concrétiser le projet du « village global ». Par ailleurs, le terme écran étant entendu à la fois comme un ensemble de dispositifs – récepteur de télévision, ordinateur, tablette, téléphone – et comme hyperonyme pour chacun d'entre-eux pris individuellement, il nous paraît nécessaire de nous inscrire dans une démarche transdisciplinaire pour pouvoir appréhender le phénomène écranique dans toute sa complexité. Ainsi, après avoir traité de l'aspect terminologique et des racines culturelles de l'écran, nous nous pencherons sur l'analyse des multiples représentations de l'écran pour pouvoir alimenter une réflexion autour du futur de l'écran, des formes qu'il pourrait prendre dans un avenir proche et de leur impact sur nos interactions. En menant une étude autour de l'invention de l’écran et en mettant à jour ses propriétés spécifiques, nous souhaitons contribuer à définir la place qu'il occupe dans la culture globale. Notre ambition, en élaborant une taxinomie des écrans, est de permettre de mieux connaître la variété des écrans et la « culture de l’écran », afin de disposer des outils nécessaires à une meilleure compréhension des évolutions de nos modes de communication. / During the XXth century, communication, information and entertainment fields converged, under the influence of data digitalisation, network infrastructure development and widespread use of terminal whose common characteristic is to be fitted with screens. It is a fact that might be well observed: screens are everywhere in our everyday life, in public spaces and private areas since at least a few decades, and it generates different reactions, as fear or enthusiasm. In making the "digital divide" manifests, the screen plays a role not only by his presence but although through its absence, and its generalization even seems to be a crucial step to achieve the "global village" project. So it can't be an overstatement arguing that the screen has become a social topic. As a matter of fact, screen's presence is remarquable in at least two different ways. First of all, it is part of our lives in a technical and practical way cause it now frames most of our interactions. Also it has spread to our lives as it has become a very fashionable key word in the discourse about communication crisis. The use of the screen word not only increases during all the last century, but in addition its semantic field has become more complex. Sometimes it is refering to a set of devices, sometimes to an hypernym for each of them. Considering these elements, this research aimed to analyse these different aspects of the screen, first through the help of linguistic tools, then with picture analysis, in order to reflect about the future of the screen. When does the screen has been invented? What are its characteristics? These are the questions we will try to answer, so as to define the part played by the screen in culture. The aim of this study is to elaborate a screen taxonomy, to enlight our knowledge about the diversity of screens and offer a documented definition of the “screen culture” topic, in order to improve our knowledge of the changes that affect the communication field.

Dans son oeuvre poétique René Char cultive une façon de faire image où l'évidence et le mystère sont équivalents. Car ce qui, chez lui, se met en vue n'est pas conçu selon un usage du langage où le monde et les mots se feraient face. N'étant pas ce qui peut être réduit par le langage, le monde est alors ce geste par lequel cela, prenant le risque de s'inventer, se voit ou se dit, se trace ou s'écrit. Suivant la carrière du poète, nous observons comment un tel projet de poésie souveraine s'est précisé et nous voyons mieux pourquoi Char s'est passionné pour les peintres ; comment il s'inscrit dans un romantisme de la philosophie de la nature, et comment il rompt avec lui ; comment, enfin, son refus de l'histoire téléologique, tenue pour une entrave à la souveraineté, l'a conduit à prendre position dans son siècle. / In his poetic body ok work, René Char develops a way to make image where the evident and the obscure are equivalent. For what is, for him, set in plain sight is not conceived according to a use of language where the world ans words would be face to face. As it cannot be reduced by language, the world is then this gesture thanks to which, at the risk of inventing itself, it is seen or said, drawn or written. Following the unfoldind of the poet's career, we can observe how such an endeavour towards sovereign poetry took shape, the better to see why Char was fascinating by painters ; how he belongs to a romanticized philosophy of nature while breaking away from it ; how, fanilly, his denial of teleological history considered as a hindrance to sovereignty led him to take a stand in his century.

L’électronique organique connaît depuis ces dernières années un fort développement. Le CEA LITEN dispose d’une technologie d’impression par sérigraphie de transistors de type N et de type P sur une même plaque, permettant de créer des circuits complémentaires. Les performances et les limitations de cette technologie ont été étudiées, l’un des objectifs principaux de cette thèse étant de réaliser une étude concernant la faisabilité d’une étiquette RFID entièrement réalisée en technologie organique imprimée. Une telle étiquette, en plus d’être flexible, possèderait un coût de fabrication extrêmement bas.Des blocs entiers couramment utilisés dans les circuits RFID et comportant jusqu’à 50 transistors sont conçus et testés, montrant des performances supérieures ou au niveau de l’état de l’art dans ce domaine. La technologie organique imprimée n’étant pas aussi mature que celle utilisée dans la filière semi-conductrice classique, une étude est également menée concernant les effets de la dispersion du procédé de fabrication et du vieillissement sur les performances des circuits. Des pistes seront ainsi définies sur les paramètres (fiabilité, mobilité dans les semi-conducteurs organiques, taille des dispositifs…) à améliorer pour permettre à l’électronique organique de venir concurrencer l’industrie du silicium. / During the past few years, the field of organic electronics has known an important development. The CEA LITEN is able to manufacture N-type and P-type screen-printed transistors on a same plastic sheet, enabling the design of complementary circuits. The performances and limitations of this technology are studied since one of this thesis’ main objectives is to determine the feasibility of a fully-printed organic RFID tag. Such a tag would be flexible and could be manufactured at an extremely low-cost. Some circuits commonly used in the RFID tags, and using up to 50 transistors, are designed and tested, showing some performances equivalent or above the reported latest developments. The organic electronics manufacturing process is not as mature as the one used in the classical silicon industry. Therefore, a study is performed concerning the effects of this process scattering, as well as the ageing, on the circuits’ performances. The main improvements (in terms of reliability, organic semi-conductor mobility, size) that can help the organic electronics in order to compete, one day, with the silicon industry, are discussed.

A pair of eight-fold screens entitled "World-Map-and-Twenty-Eight-City" represents a colorful world map with the figures of peoples of the world on one screen. The painting is punctuated by numerous city markers, with the largest indicating the city of Rome. On the other screen, twenty-eight cities of the world and Christian and Muslim kings in ceremonial attire on horseback are depicted. This pair of screens was probably produced in the early seventeenth century. It was most likely painted by Jesuit-trained Japanese painters who had learned western themes and painting techniques: perspective and chiaroscuro. Until the sixteenth century, Japanese experience with and knowledge of the world was limited to its neighbouring lands, such as China, Korea, and India. Beyond the realm of Japan lay worlds formed through fascination and the imagination. In 1543, however, this changed with the appearance of the Portuguese, who journeyed to Japan in the pursuit of new lands to develop trade and to spread Christianity. The Portuguese and their culture had a strong impact on Japanese thoughts and activities, including the creation of many screens with European motifs and new views of the world at large. This pair of screens was drawn upon Dutch prototype made by Petrus Kaerius (1571-1646) in 1609. In my thesis I will examine how "World-Map-and-Twenty-Eight-City" screens performed a two-fold function. I will first examine how the screens marked Jesuit propagation of Christianity in Japan, and second I will examine how the screens articulated what might be called an emergent sense of Japanese collective identity. By this I do not mean identity based on nationalism, which emerged in Japan only in the nineteenth century. Rather, I mean an increasing awareness of the Self in relation to Other, and not only in relation to those outside the geographic confines of Japan but also within. What I intend to explore is how definitions of geography and culture in world map screens, and specifically "World-Map-and-Twenty-Eight-City" screens, prompted viewers to acknowledge a more distinctive Self. The end of the sixteenth and the beginning of the seventeenth centuries was a transitional moment for both the Jesuits and Portugal. Religiously, the Jesuits were in conflict with the Japanese government and, as well their authority was undermined by Mendicants from the Philippines. These conflicts were compounded further by the spread of Protestantism in Europe. Similarly, after a short prosperous trade in Asia, rising economic and political power of the Netherlands and England gradually pushed Portuguese trade out of Asia. By comparing "World-Map-and-Twenty-Eight-City" screens with "In-and-Around- Kyoto" screens, I argued that the Jesuit's hidden agenda of glorifying Christendom and God's order on earth emerged. Moreover, by comparing this pair with "Four-Continent-and- Forty-Eight-People" screens, I detect the emergence of sense of a Japanese Self, that was forged in relation to the Europeans. Although the screens give the impression of the orderly and peaceful world, they mask the unstable situation which the Jesuits and Portugal were experiencing at the time. In the end, I propose that "World-Map-and-Twenty-Eight-City" screens transformed and reworked the Dutch prototype from a geographical mode to one that is highly decorative. Rather than articulating a Japanese view of the world, the screens maintained the notion of a powerful Catholic world. / Arts, Faculty of / Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of / Graduate

La philosophie a tendance à ne pas concevoir le désir comme une notion historiquement connotée, mais plutôt comme un concept immuable. Le présent travail, au contraire, se propose de fournir des éléments pour l’élaboration philosophique d’une histoire du désir contemporain, s’articulant à travers des dispositifs et des discontinuités, des tendances et des moments de rupture. Notre objectif n’est pas de rédiger l’Histoire du désir et ses récentes transformations. En revanche, on se propose d’un côté de fournir des éléments pour pouvoir penser, philosophiquement, l’existence d’une histoire du désir, pour la fonder théoriquement ; de l’autre, de mettre en évidence, sans aucune prétention d’exhaustivité, certains des caractères définissant le désir de nos jours, certaines parmi les mutations qui, en premier lieu, nous ont suggéré l’existence d’une telle histoire encore toute à explorer. L’élaboration d’une telle histoire a été effectuée à partir d’une convergence entre la pensée de Deleuze, Foucault et Lyotard autour des notions principales structurant les présent travail : le désir, l’histoire, la notion de dispositif et celle de discontinuité. Néanmoins, nous avons croisé la pensée de ces auteurs avec d’autres, dans la tentative de souligner une convergence générationnelle. Dans l’histoire du désir contemporain on a reconnu un privilège à l’écran – à comprendre en tant que dispositif, au sens foucaldien du terme – à partir duquel on élaborera des tentatives de périodisation et on identifiera des discontinuités. Faire une histoire du désir contemporain signifie pour nous se demander comment l’on désire selon les écrans. / Philosophy tends to consider desire not as a historical notion, but rather as an immutable concept. Our work, however, aims to provide some elements for a philosophical elaboration of a history of contemporary desire, alternating dispositifs and discontinuity, tendencies and moments of rupture. Our purpose is absolutely not to define The History of desire and of its recent transformations. On the contrary, on one side we try to provide some theoretical elements in order to start thinking, philosophically, to a historicity of desire. On the other, without any claim of completeness, we try to identify some features defining the status of contemporary desire, by analysing some among the many mutations of desire which characterise our times and inspired this research in the first place. The elaboration of such a history mainly results from a convergence among the thoughts of Deleuze, Foucault and Lyotard, around the fundamental notions structuring this work, such as desire, history, dispositif, discontinuity. Nevertheless, we will often compare the thoughts of those authors with others, in order to highlight a sort of generational convergence. In the history of contemporary desire, we acknowledged a privilege to the screen – that has to be understood as a dispositif, in the large sense that Foucault gave at this notion. Thanks to its privilege, the screen will be the starting point for a periodisation of the history of contemporary desire and the identification of its discontinuities. How do we desire according to screens?

The recent leaps in virtual reality (VR) technology have unleashed revolutionary potential for applications in a wide variety of areas, including education, training, psychological-therapy, etc. As part of the effort on understanding how users interact with VR, I focused on studying full-body joint action using a road crossing task which involves perception, decision-making, action, and joint action. I have been heavily involved in the design, implementation, and construction of two large-screen, room-like stereoscopic virtual environment (VE) simulators. Using this system, I developed a three-part research plan with a series of studies to examine how people engage in full-body joint-action with a partner under three scenarios: 1. two people who are physically present in a co-occupied virtual environment; 2. one person who shares a virtual environment with a computer-generated agent (CG agent); 3. two people who share the same virtual environment remotely in physically separate places where each person is motion tracked and presented in the environment as a graphic avatar. The behaviors of participants were recorded and processed through a customized pipeline that captures important performance metrics, such as how participants pick crossable gaps and time their movements. The VE system, user study designs, and findings are introduced in this dissertation.

[ES] La presente investigación propone que, tras la ya incuestionable incidencia de los nuevos medios en la cultura y en nuestro pensamiento (a partir del reordenamiento del mundo en formas compatibles con el protocolo del ciberespacio que les es propio), resulta evidente un cambio en la percepción del tiempo y del espacio que modifica a su vez y de manera directa la percepción y el concepto de la presencia del cuerpo y por lo tanto la naturaleza de la danza escénica. Para acercarnos a tal afirmación, se generó un dispositivo hipermediático capaz de reunir diferentes naturalezas (o escalas) de presencia del cuerpo (en video, por transmisión en tiempo real y con realidad aumentada) como detonador general para la exploración de los vínculos que se establecen entre 'percibir presente' a alguien y los sentidos utilizados, cuestionando con esto al cuerpo físico como soporte básico de la danza en la sociedad de la pantalla y encontrando con esto nuevas posibilidades para esta a partir del desplazamiento de lo que se entiende por escenario. El dispositivo fue utilizado en seis diferentes residencias de investigación en países como Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, México y España, logrando la participación de bailarines y creadores de estos territorios, a los que se sumaron participantes de Venezuela y Argentina. La diversidad de posibilidades tecnológicas y la evolución del propio dispositivo en cada una de las residencias permitió un continuo desplazamiento en los métodos utilizados, presentándose como una investigación de diseño metodológico emergente, bajo el paradigma cualitativo y con una metodología general hermenéutica-interpretativa, que se amplía y expande según las necesidades de cada práctica de investigación, logrando articularse también dentro del modelo participativo al poner de manifiesto el conocimiento experiencial y abriendo la puerta a la Investigación artística, desde la perspectiva performativa en la que es el cuerpo de la misma investigadora el que es puesto en relación con el dispositivo y sus implicaciones. Tras dichas prácticas de investigación, se asume entonces que sí existen modificaciones perceptuales a partir de las cuales el entendimiento del cuerpo ha sido descolocado al pensarse como carne pero también como pixel, apareciendo la sociedad de la pantalla como capaz de contener una -no tan 'nueva'- corporalidad, a partir de dispositivos que se presentan como los 'nuevos' escenarios en lo que puede resultar una 'nueva' normalidad (o no) para la danza. / [CA] La present investigació proposa que, després de la ja inqüestionable incidència dels nous mitjans en la cultura i en el nostre pensament (a partir del reordenament del món en formes compatibles amb el protocol del ciberespai que els és propi), resulta evident un canvi en la percepció del temps i de l'espai que modifica al seu torn i de manera directa la percepció i el concepte de la presència del cos i per tant la naturalesa de la dansa escènica. Per a acostar-nos a tal afirmació, es va generar un dispositiu hipermediàtic capaç de reunir diferents naturaleses (o escales) de presència del cos (en vídeo, per transmissió en temps real i amb realitat augmentada) com a detonador general per a l'exploració dels vincles que s'estableixen entre 'percebre present' a algú i els sentits utilitzats, qüestionant amb això al cos físic com a suport bàsic de la dansa en la societat de la pantalla i trobant amb això noves possibilitats per a aquesta a partir del desplaçament del que s'entén per escenari. El dispositiu va ser utilitzat en sis diferents residències d'investigació en països com Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Mèxic i Espanya, aconseguint la participació de ballarins i creadors d'aquests territoris, als quals es van sumar participants de Veneçuela i l'Argentina. La diversitat de possibilitats tecnològiques i l'evolució del mateix dispositiu en cadascuna de les residències va permetre un continu desplaçament en els mètodes utilitzats, presentant-se com una investigació de disseny metodològic emergent, sota el paradigma qualitatiu i amb una metodologia general hermenèutica-interpretativa, que s'amplia i expandeix segons les necessitats de cada pràctica d'investigació, aconseguint articular-se també dins del model participatiu en posar de manifest el coneixement experiencial i obrint la porta a la investigació artística, des de la perspectiva performativa en la qual és el cos de la mateixa investigadora el que és posat en relació amb el dispositiu i les seues implicacions. Després d'aquestes pràctiques d'investigació, s'assumeix llavors que sí existeixen modificacions perceptives a partir de les quals l'enteniment del cos ha sigut descol·locat en pensar-se com a carn però també com a píxel, apareixent la societat de la pantalla com a capaç de contenir una -no tan 'nova'- corporalitat, a partir de dispositius que es presenten com els 'nous' escenaris, en el que pot resultar una 'nova' normalitat (o no) per a la dansa. / [EN] This research proposes that after the unquestionable incidence of new media in culture and thought (with the reordering of the world in ways that are compatible with the appropriate cyberspace protocol), there is an evident change in the perception of time and space which in turn directly modifies the perception and concept of the presence of the body and, therefore, the nature of scenic dance. To approach said statement a hyper-media device was created, capable of reuniting different natures (or scales) of the presence of the body (in video, in real-time transmission and with augmented reality) as the general trigger for the exploitation of the links established between 'perceiving the presence' of someone and the senses involved, which questions the physical body as basic support of the dance in the screen society. This allows new possibilities for the dance with the displacement of what is considered a stage. The device was used in six different research residences in countries like Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Mexico and Spain, achieving the participation of dancers and creators from these territories, with the added participation of people from Venezuela and Argentina. The diversity of technological possibilities and the evolution of the device itself in each of the residences allowed a continuous displacement in the methods used, presenting itself as a research of emerging methodological design under the qualitative paradigm, and with a general hermeneutic-interpretative methodology that increases and expands according to the needs of each research practice, thus managing to also assemble within the participative model by evidencing the experiential knowledge and opening the way to the artistic research from a performative perspective, in which the body of the researcher is the one related to the device and its implications. After said research practices, it is therefore assumed that there are perceptual modifications from which the understanding of the body has been confused due to its conception as flesh but also as pixels, appearing before the screen society as capable of containing a -not so 'new'- corporeality with the use of devices that are presents as the 'new' stages, which can result in a 'new' normality (or not) for the dance. / Piñan Elizondo, AL. (2020). Percepción y presencia del cuerpo en la sociedad de la pantalla. Propuestas de Escenarios para Danza en Dispositivo Móvil [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/149387 / TESIS

The new building of Olomouc Central Europian Forum is concieved as an extension to the existing building of Olomouc Art Museum. It fills the space of existing vacant lot clining to the existing object from the west. The new building contains new spaces for modern art expositions and also creates enough storage capacity for the new and the existing building. The architectural solution results from the division of historic building estates and from the character of surrounging build-up area. The volume of the building rising from the site is created by five tracts oriented perpendiculary to the street boundary, that are of a simple shape of block with pitched roof. In the central part the tracts are transected by a traversing volume of a galery with glass pitched roof, that provides additional daylight for the central part and connects the new and the existing building. The facade of the new building is created as a doubled construction with the interior screen made of pure double glass and the exterion screen made of milk glass, that transmits enough difuse light into the inner spaces. There is a LED screen stretched in between these two transparent planes, thanks to which the facade glows in the dark with interesting light effects.

Organic electronic biosensors are developed as suitable devices that can transform electrochemical processes within the cell membrane into an electronic signal and enable to measure electrical activity of excitable cells and tissues both in vitro and in vivo and thus represent valuable alternative to current cell monitoring methods. In this work we focus on the fabrication of electrophysiological sensors based on organic semiconductors printed by the material printing method. Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are active components of the device, which can monitore cellular activity and above that stimulating cells with electrical pulses. The proposed platform should be used for cytotoxicity of potential drugs especially on cardiac cells (cardiomyocytes). The experimental part focus on specific production processes of platforms, which were prepared in the laboraty with emphasis on biocompatibility and conductivity of device.