En raison des présentes transformations du marché du travail, le mouvement syndical est à la recherche d’un nouvel équilibre. Dans ce contexte plutôt changeant, réorganisations et flexibilité se négocient en échange d’une protection accrue pour ceux qui demeurent en emploi. Si d’une part, ceci mène à une prolifération de nouvelles formes d’emploi atypiques et de disparités de traitement, d’autre part la constitutionnalisation du droit du travail change le rapport quant à l’universalisme syndical. Nous nous sommes alors interrogée sur les impacts que cela peut avoir sur le devoir syndical de représentation. Prenant cela en considération, nous avons voulu au cours de notre recherche faire la lumière tant sur certains impacts de la négociation de clauses de disparité de traitement dans les milieux de travail syndiqués que sur les défis contemporains du droit du travail et de l’emploi. Cette thèse propre au champ d’études que sont les relations industrielles se distingue des autres recherches dans le même domaine en se concentrant sur l’effet empirique de la mise en œuvre d’une norme, par l’étude de deux cas suggestifs. Plus précisément, notre thèse avait comme principal objectif de répondre à la question suivante : Quels sont les effets sur l’acteur (action) syndical du recours à la norme d’égalité, à la suite la négociation de clauses « orphelin »? Pour y parvenir, nous avons dû reconstituer comment les acteurs syndicaux s’étaient approprié l’espace ouvert par la constitutionnalisation du droit du travail. Nous avons utilisé une méthode qualitative, impliquant une revue de la littérature sociohistorique, théorique et juridique, une analyse de la jurisprudence existant à ce sujet et l’étude de deux cas portant sur la négociation d’une clause « orphelin » le tout représentant soixante entrevues semi-dirigées dans plusieurs casernes et palais de justice. Les connaissances acquises permettent au plan empirique une meilleure compréhension des interactions possibles entre acteurs, institutions et stratégies lors de la mise en œuvre de la norme d’égalité ainsi que des déterminants de l’action (ou de l’inaction) syndicale. Sur le plan pratique, nous espérons que notre thèse puisse guider toute personne ou tout groupe de personnes désirant mettre en œuvre des mesures égalitaires, tant pour éviter certains écueils reliés à ces actions ou réactions suscitées par la mise en œuvre du droit à l’égalité, que pour mesurer l’efficacité des actions entreprises. De surcroît, sur le plan théorique, nous croyons que de mettre à l’épreuve un modèle théorique recoupant stratégies et institutions permettra d’aborder les problèmes à la fois au niveau de l’acteur et au niveau structurel. Les résultats obtenus aident à comprendre en quoi et comment peut se construire l’action syndicale dans certains (2) cas de mise en œuvre de la norme d’égalité. Le choix de différentes stratégies ne peut pas être dissocié des différents contextes économiques, sociaux et juridiques, ni des capacités stratégiques des différents acteurs en cause. Les principales contraintes identifiées ont pu être imputées tant aux structures de l’association syndicale qu’aux différents univers normatifs mobilisés. Les sources de tensions vécues dans les milieux à l’étude ont été rattachées notamment aux perceptions d’injustice et à la méconnaissance des différentes normes juridiques. En conséquence, il faut conclure que pour les associations syndicales (sans se restreindre à celles à l’étude), la question d’iniquité pourrait avoir de graves conséquences et non seulement sur le devoir de représentation. Nous avons spécialement souligné la fragilisation de leurs assises, dans leurs deux pôles d’actions : d’acteur économique (faille dans la capacité d’action traditionnelle) et d’acteur politique (climat hostile au syndicalisme). Nous souhaitons que l’acteur syndical puisse mobiliser, à la lumière des résultats de notre recherche, des arguments concourant à repenser l’action syndicale, que nous croyons être plus pertinente que jamais. Nous croyons également que les différents acteurs du monde du travail pourraient s’approprier certaines de nos recommandations afin de favoriser une citoyenneté au travail plus inclusive. / As a result of the present transformation of the labour markets, trade union movements are in constant search for a new equilibrium. If in this context of instability, reorganizations and flexibility are negotiated in exchange for increased protection for those who remain in employment. If on the one hand, this leads to a proliferation of new atypical forms of employment and disparities of treatment, on the other hand, the entrenchment of human rights law in the field of labour relation changes the relationship with the union majority rule. This has raised an important question about the impact this will have on the union's duty of fair representation. Taking this into consideration, we wanted in the course of our research to shed light both on the impacts of the negotiation of disparity of treatment (two-tier wage plan) clauses have on unionized workplaces and on the contemporary challenges of labour and employment law. While still being specific to our field of research (industrial relations), our work differs from other studies that have been carried out on this matter by focusing on the empirical effects of the implementation of the norm of equality through the analysis of two suggestive cases. More specifically, the main objective of our thesis was to answer the following question: What are the effects of the implementation of the norm of equality in unionized work environments in the province of Québec? In order to achieve this goal, we had to recreate how the trade union actors can fit within the entrenchment of human rights law. We used a qualitative approach, involving a review of historical, theoretical and legal literature, analysis of the existing jurisprudence on this matter and the study of two selected cases involving the negotiation of a "orphan" clause (representing sixty semi-structured interviews in total). It was in our intention to demonstrate that gained knowledge from previous applications provides a better understanding on the empirical level of possible interactions between actors, institutions and strategies during the implementation of a strategy, as well as important determinants concerning the union action (or inaction). On a practical level, we hope that our thesis can guide any individual (or group of individuals) wishing to implement equality measures, both to avoid some of the pitfalls related to these actions or reactions to the implementation of the right to equality, and to measure the effectiveness of undertaken actions. Additionally, on a more theoretical level, we believe that testing a conceptual model overlapping different strategies and institutions will address these problems both at actor and structural level. The results we obtained provide insights into how and to what extent trade union action can be built in the case of equality norm implementation. The selection of different strategies cannot be disembodied from its economic, sociological and legal contexts, nor from the strategic capacities of the different actors involved. The main constraints identified could be attributed both to the structures of the union association and to different normative spaces. The tensions experienced in the studied cases were linked to particular perceptions of injustice and lack of knowledge of different legal standards. Subsequently, we must come to the conclusion that the question of iniquity may have some serious repercussions for trade unions far beyond the duty of fair representation. We specially emphasize the weakening of their foundations, mainly in their two poles of action: as economic players (loophole in the traditional ability of action) and political actors (cultivating a climate that is hostile to unionism). Based on the results of our research, we want union actors to be able to mobilize concurrent arguments to rethink union action altogether, something we believe is more relevant than ever. We also believe that the different actors of today's working world could take ownership of the recommendations set forth in our work to foster a more inclusive citizenship at work.

Ce travail se propose d’examiner les conséquences du décès parental précoce sur la trajectoire biographique des enfants, dans un régime de mortalité où la principale perturbation n’est pas le VIH/SIDA, mais une grave crise socio-politique. Le Burundi est l’un des épicentres du conflit traversé dans les années 90 par la région des Grands Lacs. A l’aide des données de l’Enquête Socio-Démographique et de Santé de la Reproduction (ESDSR) menée au Burundi en 2002, nous analysons l’impact du décès parental précoce sur un grand nombre de dimensions du parcours de vie des enfants burundais: mortalité, violence et exploitation sexuelle, séparation des membres de la fratrie, scolarité, entrée précoce dans le travail, ressources, conditions de l’héritage, entrée dans la vie reproductive et familiale. Ces analyses sont menées selon l’âge de l’enfant au moment du décès d’au moins un de ses parents, tout en cherchant à évaluer l’effet de la cause de décès des parents (crise/autre cause) sur les résultats obtenus. On montre que la perturbation du parcours de vie des enfants ayant précocement vécu le décès de leur père est mineure. A l’inverse l’expérience précoce de la mère ou du dernier parent survivant affecte la plupart des dimensions de la trajectoire biographique des enfants. La crise burundaise amplifie et, dans certains cas, transforme voire renverse la relation entre l’expérience précoce du décès d’au moins un parent et la trajectoire des enfants. L’orphelin à cause des massacres de masse de 1993 est un orphelin « politique » dont la protection et le soutien par les instances politiques, militaires, administratives et humanitaires est devenu un enjeu de la crise elle-même. / The aim of this paper is to analyze lifetime effects of parental death during childhood, in a country context where HIV/AIDS isn’t the main cause of death among young adults but deaths caused by a major socio-political crisis. During the 90’s, Burundi hosted the cradle of the regional conflict in the Great Lakes. A 2002 demographic, social and reproductive health survey in Burundi (ESDSR) will provide us the information required to analyze impact of early parental death, on a complex panel of life perspectives for children: mortality, violence and sexual abuse, separation of siblings, schooling, working at early age, resources, heritage, early marriage and age at first birth. These analyses are led by child age at early parental death, along with an attempt to estimate the effect from the cause of this death (crisis or other) on results. The strength of leading conclusions is consolidated by the mean of exchanging results, these results being derived from several analysis methods: bivariate and multivariate logistic models adapted or not to clustered data (standard, multilevel, marginal and fixed-effects logistic regressions).We bring lights on the minor effect of early father loss on child life trajectory. On the contrary, early mother or last living parent death experience affects almost every child life trajectory. Burundi crisis emphases but in some cases, reverses those effects from negative to positive. 1993 mass slaughters orphans are “political” orphans. Their political, military, administrative and humanitarian protections became part of the main goals, in the crisis itself.

The aim of this diploma thesis is a comparative analysis of the image of a forsaken child in the stories written by a popular English writer Neil Gaiman. The survey of a forsaken child in the Gothic, Romantic and Victorian literature (Walpole, Radcliffe, Blake, Dickens, the Brontë sisters) precedes the interpretation. In addition, this diploma thesis considers the separation of the young hero from his family and friends in traditional fairy tales. In this respect, the thesis discusses the role of transitional rituals and their links to the theme of the test in adventurous literature (Gennep, Bachtin). The first, theoretical chapters point out the fact that the transition to a new existence (adulthood) is often accompanied by horror elements or the nearness of death in the adventurous stories. The novel Coraline is a basis for the literary analysis. The psychological characteristic of the main heroine and her family is linked to the function of home and the role of "the other mother" as a source of the Gothic atmosphere and danger. The following chapters analyse other Gaiman's works ("M is for Magic", The Graveyard Book, Odd and the Frost Giants, Fortunately, the Milk, The Ocean at the End of the Zone) in order to study the relations between the reality and dreams, violence and interpersonal relationships, and to describe the heroes' search for the individual identity.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die molekularen Grundlagen für die Agonistspezifität des G-Protein-gekoppelten Rezeptors GPR34 untersucht. Mittels verschiedener funktioneller Versuche konnte an ausgewählten Orthologen des Rezeptors gezeigt werden, dass, im Gegensatz zu publizierten Daten, Lysophosphatidylserin (Lyso-PS) nicht der natürliche Agonist des GPR34 ist. Lediglich an einigen cyprinoiden Subtypen des GPR34 hat Lyso-PS surrogat-agonistische Effekte. Anhand eines detaillierten evolutionären Vergleichs von Orthologen konnten Bereiche des Rezeptors ermittelt werden, welche an der Ligandenbindung, und damit an der Agonistspezifität des GPR34 beteiligt sind. Durch Übertragung dieser Bereiche vom Karpfen-GPR34-Subtyp 2a auf den humanen GPR34 konnte dieser zu einem Lyso-PS-sensitiven Rezeptor modelliert werden. Weiterhin wurde Aminoethyl-Carbamoyl-ATP (EDA-ATP) als inverser Agonist an cyprinoiden Orthologen des GPR34 identifiziert. Die Erweiterung des möglichen Ligandenspektrums von Lipiden zu Nukleotidderivaten gibt Hinweise auf die Promiskuität der Bindungsstelle des GPR34. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Lyso-PS nur eine zufällige Aktivität an einigen Orthologen des GPR34 hat. Mit Identifizierung eines Nichtlipides als invers-agonistischen Liganden ist die Suche nach dem natürlichen Liganden des GPR34 noch nicht abgeschlossen und sollte auf weitere chemische Entitäten ausgeweitet werden. / Lyso-PS (lyso-phosphatidylserine) has been shown to activate the G(i/o)-protein-coupled receptor GPR34. Since in vitro and in vivo studies provided controversial results in assigning lyso-PS as the endogenous agonist for GPR34, we investigated the evolutionary conservation of agonist specificity in more detail. Except for some fish GPR34 subtypes, lyso-PS has no or very weak agonistic activity at most vertebrate GPR34 orthologues investigated. Using chimaeras we identified single positions in the second extracellular loop and the transmembrane helix 5 of carp subtype 2a that, if transferred to the human orthologue, enabled lyso-PS to activate the human GPR34. Significant improvement of agonist efficacy by changing only a few positions strongly argues against the hypothesis that nature optimized GPR34 as the receptor for lyso-PS. Phylogenetic analysis revealed several positions in some fish GPR34 orthologues which are under positive selection. These structural changes may indicate functional specification of these orthologues which can explain the species- and subtype-specific pharmacology of lyso-PS. Furthermore, we identified aminoethyl-carbamoyl ATP as an antagonist of carp GPR34, indicating ligand promiscuity with non-lipid compounds. The results of the present study suggest that lyso-PS has only a random agonistic activity at some GPR34 orthologues and the search for the endogenous agonist should consider additional chemical entities.

Five years ago at the age of 14, Rutendo Chaibva was double-orphaned by AIDS. A "Family Post Bereavement Property and Responsibilities Disbursement Committee" assigned her uncle Eric Gara as "replacement parent". Rutendo and her " replacement mother" Gerlinda were co-participants in the Participatory Action Research Study. It started in a therapeutic relationship after the family experienced some difficulties in integrating Rutendo into the reconstituted family. Both the therapy and research conversations explored and identified several pastoral and other challenges that militated against the integration process. Rutendo and Gerlinda's road was littered with, among others, minefields of silence and tears, secrecy, multiple losses, unresolved bereavement, unfinished business, anger, fear, and groping for Christian fellowship. It was concluded that personal, family, pastoral and other challenges, and, HIV/AIDS related complexities had militated against the integration process. At the end, Rutendo and Gerlinda acknowledged that therapy and the research processes had impacted positively on the integration process that improved significantly. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Div. (Pastoral therapy)

school learnersChild-headed household is a phenomenon that is growing in South Africa. As such, it is imperative to uncover the realities of children in this situation. This study explores and describes the schooling experiences of secondary school learners from child-headed households. This qualitative study included a sample of 20 grade 10 and 11 learners from four secondary schools. Data were collected through structured interviews and document analysis. The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyze the data. The findings suggest that secondary school learners from child-headed households live in poverty and encounter experiences such as absenteeism, psychological trauma, gender-based discrimination, lack of adequate food and scholastic materials, drug abuse and teenage pregnancy. These experiences impact negatively on their schooling. The study recommends that learners from child-headed households should get more care and support from educators and other stakeholders. / Science and Technology Education / M.A. (Socio-Education)

Submitted by Leonardo Lima (leonardoperlim@gmail.com) on 2016-04-11T14:27:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 O Asilo de Órfãs São Benedito em Pelotas.pdf: 7186207 bytes, checksum: 9501700f515369298978ca896f83506d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-04-11T15:02:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 O Asilo de Órfãs São Benedito em Pelotas.pdf: 7186207 bytes, checksum: 9501700f515369298978ca896f83506d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-04-11T15:07:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 O Asilo de Órfãs São Benedito em Pelotas.pdf: 7186207 bytes, checksum: 9501700f515369298978ca896f83506d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-11T15:07:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 O Asilo de Órfãs São Benedito em Pelotas.pdf: 7186207 bytes, checksum: 9501700f515369298978ca896f83506d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / A presente dissertação consiste em uma pesquisa histórica no âmbito da História da Educação, mais precisamente na História das Instituições Educativas. A pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar aspectos históricos do Asilo de Órfãs São Benedito, atual Instituto São Benedito, fundado no início do século XX na cidade de Pelotas/RS para abrigar meninas negras. A delimitação temporal deste estudo corresponde as primeiras décadas do século XX, tendo como ponto de partida a fundação da instituição em 1901. Para poder analisar a trajetória educativo-institucional do asilo, buscou-se fazer alguns apontamentos sobre a institucionalização da infância desvalida no Brasil, contextualizar a cidade de Pelotas a partir do século XIX e a situação da comunidade negra dessa cidade depois da Abolição da Escravatura. Com o respaldo da Nova História é que se recorreu à prática historiográfica da micro-história e aos referenciais da História Vista de Baixo para a análise do corpus documental, constituído por documentos escritos, narrativas orais dos atores educativos e algumas fotografias referentes ao Asilo de Órfãs São Benedito. A função desempenhada pelo asilo foi fundamental na vida das meninas carentes, pois durante muitos anos, a obra assumiu ao mesmo tempo o papel da família, da escola, da Igreja e de setores da sociedade que tinham interesse na manutenção dessa instituição A instrução primária, moral e religiosa ofertada às meninas, contribuiu para torná-las boas mães, boas esposas e aptas para o trabalho doméstico. A partir deste viés é que se buscou investigar aspectos do Asilo de Órfãs São Benedito: o lugar da órfã na sociedade, características da educação institucionalizada, o estereótipo de mulher formada no Asilo de Órfãs e a relação da sociedade pelotense com a instituição. / This dissertation consists in a historical research of History of Education, specifically the History of Educational Institutions. The research aims to analyze historical aspects of São Benedito Orphan Asylum, São Benedito Institut currently, founded in the early twentieth century in the city of Pelotas / RS to harbor black girls. The temporal delimitation of this study correspond to the first decades of the twentieth century, having as the starting point the foundation of the institution in 1901. In order to analyze the educational and institutional trajectory of the asylum, we attempted to make some notes about the institutionalization of an underprivileged childhood in Brazil, contextualize the city of Pelotas from the nineteenth century, and the situation of the black community in this city after the abolition of slavery. With the backing of the New History is that resorted to historiographical practice of the micro-history and to the referential of the History view from below for analyzing the documentary corpus, constituted of written documents, oral narratives of the educational actors and some photographs relating to the Orphan Asylum São Benedito. The function performed by the asylum was underlying in the lives of those underprivileged girls, because for many years, the work assumed at the same time the role of family, school, church, and sectors of society that had an interest in maintaining this institution The primary instruction, religious and moral education offered to those girls, helped make them good mothers, good wives and suitable for domestic work. From this bias is that we sought to investigate aspects of the São Benedito Orphan Asylum: the place of orphans in the society, characteristics of institutionalized education, the stereotype of the women formed in the Orphan Asylum and the relationship of the Pelotense's society with the institution.

This study explores the construction of the orphanage child and the helper in the context of voluntourism, orphanage tourism, support and establishment of orphanages. Since residential care is rarely put forward as a “good solution” for children without parental care in Sweden or other Western countries, the purpose of this study is to understand how orphanages for children from the South are legitimised as a solution in narratives about the helpers and the orphans. Through Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) I have studied the widespread narrative about the helper and the orphan and its relation to larger global development strands, such as neo-liberal discourses, post-colonial discourses and globalization discourses. The study found that the narratives about the helper and the orphanage child are constructed in a way that reinforces stereotypes about the active, caring helper from the global North and the passive and needy yet happy orphanage child from the South. The underlying assumption in the testimonials and stories about the helper is that there are no other options and that the orphanage placement is in the best interest of the child

Les maladies rares sont d’identification récente. Elles posent de nombreuses difficultés diagnostiques parce qu'encore mal connues par le corps médical. Elles se présentent parfois par des symptômes que nous avons nommés comme disqualifiants parce que principalement subjectifs et sans manifestation objectivable ou visible par la biologie ou l’imagerie. Notre travail est au carrefour de la philosophie et de la psychologie sociale. Nous avons travaillé à partir du vécu de 16 malades qui ont participé à notre recherche par un entretien semi-dirigé. Les grandes thématiques de leur vécu ont ainsi pu être identifiées : l'expérience pathique de l’éprouvé, les modèles de représentation, les métaphores utilisées pour dire la génétique et la rareté, le lien avec le corps médical et l'expérience sociale des maladies. Pour les personnes atteintes, ces maladie rares ne sont ni des maladies ni des handicaps, mais un entre-deux.Compte tenu que 80 % des maladies rares sont d'origine génétique, nous avons exploré comment cette dimension intervient dans le vécu de la maladie rare. L'imaginaire de la génétique est encore très prégnant, évoquant l'origine causale linéaire de la maladie et tous les espoirs de guérison. Il est souvent associé à une représentation de l'erreur, de la faute ou de la malformation qui est survenue lors de la fécondation. C'est avec toutes ces représentations que les malades vont devoir reconstruire leur vie bouleversée par l'existence de la maladie pour laquelle malheureusement encore le plus souvent il n'existe pas de thérapeutique. Ce parcours nous a conduit à envisager une médecine qui intégrerait une médecine de l'incertitude et reconnaîtrait les limites de la connaissance médicale. À terme, cette médecine devrait pouvoir devenir celle de l’adaptabilité soutenant le travail d'adaptation du malade qui doit trouver le chemin pour continuer d’être un vivant malgré les limites imposées par la maladie. Sur ce chemin parfois très long, la narration, l’échange des savoirs et une importante solidarité entre malades au sein des associations de patients soutiennent les capacités du malade à se reconstruire comme sujet, lui ouvrant la possibilité de vivre son destin comme une destinée. / Rare diseases have only recently been identified. They set up quite a lot of diagnostic difficulties because not well-known yet by the medical profession .They sometimes occure by (ou bien with? With symptoms we named as being disqualifying because mainly subjective and without any outbreak possibly objective or evident by biology or medical imaging.Our work is at the crossroad of philosophy and social psychology. Week-end worked on the base of actual experience of 16 sick patients cases who took part in our research through semi-managed talks. So,main themes of their actual current experience could be identified : the pathological of the suffering person, the models of representation,the images used to express the genetics and the rare case, the link with the medical profession and the social experience of the diseases. For the patients concerned,these rare diseases are neither diseases nor handicaps but in-between cases.Taking into account that 80% of rare diseases have a genetique genetic origine origin ,we explored how this theory involves in the way it is lived. The imaginary of genetics still is still very pregnant,calling forth the causal linear origin of the disease and all hopes for recovery .It is often connected to a representation of the error,the fault or the malformation that happened at the time of fecondation. It is with all these representations that patients will have to rebuild their life,upset by the disease against which unfortunately more often most of the time ,no therapy exists yet. This research lead us to view a therapy that would combine a therapy of uncertainty and admit the limits of medical knowledge. In the end, this therapy should be able to become the therapy of an adaptation supporting the adaptability work of the patient who has to find his way to keep being a human person. in spite of the limits compelled by the disease. All along this sometimes very long way, the exchange of knowledge and an amazing solidarity among the patients within the associations back up the patient's capacities to rebuild himself as a subject, giving him the possibility of living his fate as a destiny.

Under the atmosphere of civilization and knowledge, wealthy women from Sergipe Del Rey Captaincy didn´t live recluse. After their husbands deaths, they took charge of the responsibilities and got involved with tasks related to the men´s world and, therefore, surrounded by a hale of a patriarchal power, acted out activities that were beyond their houses. Therefore, they administrated mills, stills, sites, plantations, commanded slaves and traded goods. Some of those women had someone else signing for them, others wrote down their own names on their husbands inventories and some others were the tutors of their own children, considered orphans, who were under twenty five years old. Under the 18th Law, the female tutors raised and educated their children, underage orphans, with love and care. This way, the woman guaranteed a family heritage and the Portuguese Crown, together with Justice, put all sergipanos under the new modern nation project. Consequently, all (family and the power of the Portuguese Crown) were on the same wavelength to keep up with this new established order. In Sergipe Del Rey there were four elementary school models, that went on in the 18th century, from 1575 to 1799, period in which the documents that based this research were analyzed. The first model was called indoctrination or instruction through spoken language , taught by the Franciscan and Carmelites to the Indian and sergipanos settlers´ children. The second one that was found was the women´s enclosure , in 1743, that was one of the education options given to the women of possessions at that time. These two models were used in the period when the Jesuits were in charge of the education and ruled it. The third model, called primary school classes or primary school teaching worked from the time the Jesuits were expelled in 1759 to 1792. The fourth model highlighted was the teaching to its own gender , indicated to the underage orphan girls, registered from 1752 to 1792. These two last models are related to Pombal s administration and go on until the Marian one. I point out that it was during Pombal s administration that meaningful changes happened in the educational process in the Portuguese kingdom, from 1759 on. Pombal did not break up with the Church established order. He substituted the Jesuits educational action for a new rational dynamic that still respects the Church hierarchy, but subordinates it to the State. Those educational practices went on until the adult life and could be related to school or not and had as their objective to reach especially the ones who were wealthy. / Sob a atmosfera da circulação do saber e da civilização, as mulheres de posses da Capitania de Sergipe Del Rey não viveram reclusas. Com a morte de seus maridos, assumiram o lugar simbólico de pai e se envolveram em tarefas próprias do mundo masculino e, assim, envoltas na aura do poder patriarcal, vivenciaram atividades que estavam além do ambiente doméstico. Desse modo, administraram engenhos, alambiques, sítios, plantações, comandaram escravos e negociaram produtos. Algumas dessas mulheres assinaram a rogo, outras grafaram os seus próprios nomes nos inventários de seus maridos, e algumas delas exerceram a tutoria de seus órfãos menores de vinte e cinco anos de idade. Sob a ordem jurídica setecentista, as tutoras criaram e educaram os seus filhos órfãos menores, com amor e zelo de mãe, na forma da lei. Assim, a mulher garantiu o patrimônio da família e a Coroa Portuguesa, aliada à Justiça, enquadrou todos os sergipanos no novo projeto de nação moderna. Portanto, todos (família e poder da Coroa) estavam afinados para a manutenção dessa nova ordem estabelecida. Em Sergipe Del Rey, existiram quatros modelos de instrução elementar, que vigoraram no século XVIII, no período de 1575 a 1799, o qual abrange a documentação analisada. O primeiro modelo, denominado Doutrinação, Catequese ou Instrução de viva de voz , foi ministrado pelos Franciscanos e Carmelitas para os filhos dos índios e dos colonos sergipanos. O segundo modelo encontrado foi a clausura feminina , em 1743, considerado como uma das opções de educação estabelecida para as mulheres de posses à época. Esses dois modelos inseriram-se no período em que os jesuítas tinham o controle e ditavam as regras da educação. O terceiro modelo, designado aulas de primeiras letras ou ensino de primeiras letras , vigorou a partir da expulsão dos jesuítas, de 1759 a 1792. O quarto modelo evidenciado foi a instrução própria do seu sexo , destinado às órfãs menores, registrado de 1752 a 1792. Esses dois últimos modelos foram implantados no período pombalino e adentraram ao período Mariano. Ressalto que foi no período pombalino que aconteceram modificações significativas no processo educacional de todo o reino português, a partir de 1759. Pombal não rompeu com a ordem eclesial estabelecida. Ele substituiu a ação educativa dos jesuítas por uma nova dinâmica racionalista, que ainda respeitava a hierarquia eclesial, mas a subordinava ao Estado. Essas práticas educativas estendiam-se até a idade adulta e podiam ser escolares, ou não escolares e visavam atingir preferencialmente aqueles indivíduos dotados de posses.