In the context of digital transformation in the cultural and heritage sector, many museums are undergoing digital- ization. This qualitative study explores the digitalization status in the selected cases, underpins the decisions behind their digitalization practices, and identifies the factors that affect the decisions. The Swedish National Museum, Hallwhyska Museum, and Gävle Museum are selected as the bounded cases for this study. Applying the Digital Curation Lifecycle Model, this study conceptualizes the process mapping for digitalization projects; employing the attribution theory, this study identifies the internal and external factors affecting digitalization decisions.  As a multiple case study with a qualitative perspective, the data is collected through multiple sources, includ- ing interview data and web content retrieved from the selected museum’s websites. Following the research tradi- tion of organizational attribution, this study first collects and examines the digitalization practices of the selected museums; with the assistance of the lifecycle model, the practices are dismantled into a list of actions to concep- tualize the process mapping for digitalization projects and to identify the critical decisions at each stage; and then based on the interview data and the empirical evidence, this study identifies the factors affecting the decisions with the theoretical support of organizational attribution theory.  This study’s outcome brings insights into the institutional aspect of performing digitalization activities, thus contributing empirical evidence to future research in this field. The findings of this study indicate that the attribu- tion of museums’ digitalization decisions is complicated and can be affected by multiple factors and can be mul- tiple attributed. By reflecting on the process mapping and attribution process, this study tries to underscore the importance of contextuality and underpin the emerging trend in museums’ digitalization practices.

Sammanfattning: Samlingar har under flera decennier varit en tradition i svenska förskoleverksamheter. Föreliggande studie fokuserar på förskolepedagogers beskrivning av samlingens funktion och bidrag i förskolan. Denna studie vilar på det sociokulturella perspektivet som teoriram och semistrukturerade intervjuer som metod. Målsättningen med undersökningen är att uppnå ökad kunskap om barns lärande och utveckling, genom samlingen ur förskolepedagogernas perspektiv.Studiens resultat visar att samlingar bidrar till flertalet moment som skapar gemenskap och samhörighet i barngruppen. Genom att bygga relationer och lära känna varandra skapas en trygg, meningsfull lärandemiljö. Miljön leder i sin tur till ett lärande, vilket skapar möjligheter för barn att utforska. I resultatet beskrivs samlingar som en strategi för att bevara en god och trygg miljö i förskolan. I en god och trygg miljö sker även utbyte av kunskap och dialog.

Att möta konst är centralt i bildämnet och ett sätt att göra det är att besöka konstutställningar. Syftet med studien har varit att fördjupa kunskapen om hur och varför bildlärare på gymnasiet använder besök på konstutställningar i sin undervisning. Empirin samlades in från bildlärare på gymnasiet genom en digital enkätundersökning med kvalitativ ansats och samt intervjuer. Enkäten besvarades av 25 respondenter varav tre också intervjuades, och empirin analyserades tematiskt genom nyckelord och meningar i svaren, samt genom Gert Biestas teorier. Resultatet av studien tyder på att bildlärarna anser det viktigt att eleverna möter konst i utställningar, och att Biestas tre utbildningsaspekter kvalificering, socialisation och subjektifiering uppfylls genom utställningsbesök. Kvalifikation uppnås genom kunskaper om konst och konstvärld, socialisation sker i miljön utanför skolan och genom överföringen av kulturellt kapital, och subjektifieringen som uppnås genom inspiration och stimulans väcker en längtan att vilja vara ett subjekt i världen.

Vid samhällsplanering och bygglovshantering har kommunerna ett stort ansvar att beakta kulturvärden som ett allmänt intresse. När en kommun tar fram nya planer utifrån visionen för samhällets utveckling gör de ett ställningstagande kring vad som är viktigt att beakta. I en bygglovshantering görs ytterligare ställningstagande och bedömning utifrån lagkraven om varsamhet och anpassning. Detta arbete syftar till att undersöka den kommunala hanteringen av kulturvärden i ett fritidshusområde, genom en fallstudie i fritidshusområdet Horn utanför Västervik. Detta område har nyligen fått nya detaljplaner med syfte att omvandla Horn till en del av Västerviks tätort genom att underlätta för utbyggnad av permanentbostäder. Undersökningen har genomförts som en innehållsanalys av två av dessa detaljplaner samt genom kvalitativa intervjuer med bygglovshandläggare på Västerviks kommun. Detaljplanerna har granskats med fokus på utformningskrav och hantering av kulturvärden och sedan jämförts med den fördjupade översiktsplanen och de förarbeten som låg till grund för framtagandet av de. Undersökningen visar att det ställningstagandet kring kulturvärden som gjordes i processen att ta fram den fördjupade översiktsplanen begränsar hanteringen av kulturvärden i bygglovsprocessen. I bygglovsprocessen är det svårt att argumentera för kulturvärden om de inte är utpekade i detaljplanen. Även om varsamhetskravet alltid ska gälla har handläggarna svårt att få gehör för det. Till viss del beror det på generella svårigheter att argumentera för kulturvärden men undersökningen har även uppmärksammat vissa anledningar mer specifikt knutna till fritidshusområden och fritidshus.

This thesis is aimed at game designers and had the goal of investigating how moral philosophies exist within the role-playing game Fallout: New Vegas. By using close reading as a method the study analyses through a moral philosophical lens how Fallout: New Vegas mechanises moral philosophy and what advantages and disadvantages it holds. The study indicates that Fallout: New Vegas mechanises moral philosophy through a symbiosis of two morality systems: its karma system as well as its reputation system for the factions. The karma system is found to be inconsistent and utilises different moral philosophies. The reputation system has the different moral philosophies of the factions, though all have some aspect of consequentialism. The study concludes that the inconsistencies of the karma system could be solved by focusing on one moral philosophy. It is however possible that the karma system is inconsistent on purpose and that it may not be optimal to base a moral system on only one moral philosophy: depending on the purpose of the system. The conclusion also indicates that future research should be conducted to see how players interact with the moral systems of Fallout: New Vegas and to see how immersion can affect a player's moral choices in different games. / Denna studie är skriven för speldesigners och har som mål att undersöka hur moralfilosofier existerar inom rollspelet Fallout: New Vegas. Genom att använda närläsning som metod analyserar studien genom en moralfilosofisk lins hur Fallout: New Vegas mekaniserar olika moralfilosofier och vilka för- och nackdelar det har. Studien indikerar att Fallout: New Vegas mekaniserar moralfilosofi genom en symbios av två olika moralsystem: karmasystemet samt ryktesystemet för spelarens rykte inom samhällerna. Karmasystemet är inkonsekvent och använder sig av olika moralfilosofier. Ryktesystemet har olika moralfilosofier bereonde på grupperna, dock har de alla någon aspekt av konsekventialism. Studiens slutsats indikerar att inkonsekvensen i karmasystemet kan lösas genom att fokusera på en moralfilosofi. Det är dock möjligt att karmasystemet är inkonsekvent med mening och att det inte är optimalt att basera ett moralsystem på endast en moralfilosofi: beroende på syftet med systemet. Slutsatsen indikerar också att framtida forskning bör utföras för att se hur spelare interagerar med moralsystemen i Fallout: New Vegas och för att se hur inlevelse påverkar en spelares morala val i olika dataspel.

This article explores the declining state of and increasing threat to human rights in the UK, through an analysis of the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Bill (PCSC) and the Nationality and Borders Bill (NB). It focusses on the ostracisation, demonisation and criminalisation of marginalised groups, and how this has been achieved through a regime of right-wing populism, capitalising on crises within the elite to direct public anger at economic suffering and perceived erosion of social values towards the most marginalised in society by proposing that they are favoured by the elite over 'the people'. This has created an ‘other’ of many minorities, allowing them to be more easily dehumanised and their human rights to be more easily eroded, legitimised by exploiting or manufacturing crises such as austerity, an immigration crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. Victims include asylum seekers, refugees, protesters, human rights defenders, black communities, Gypsies, Roma and Travellers. The article argues that due to the intersectionality of oppression, other marginalised groups are indirectly impacted, as the bills are part of a wider aim to transfer power from marginalised to privileged groups, a move that impacts most citizens negatively by further concentrating power at the top. The creation of an ‘other’ has succeeded in dividing groups oppressed by the same systems and pitting them against each other to ensure that the systems and institutions that oppress flourish, while simultaneously reducing government accountability. An analysis of the media and police will reveal how they uphold and enable institutional discrimination, how they have legitimised these bills, and how the failure of successive governments to reform these institutions has resulted in the inevitability of these bills with media functioning as an enabler and the police as an enforcer of institutional oppression. The transferral of powers to the police, while simultaneously delegitimising regulators, ensures human rights are threatened on multiple levels through legislation, implementation, and accountability.

The arrival of AI and machine learning in the archiving world implies a reconceptualization of archival institutions from consisting of archives as records to be read towards archives as data to be mined. This thesis aims to survey and analyse the arrival of AI and machine learning within the Swedish archival sector. Through the analyses of four archival institutions and semi-structured interviews with archive professionals, this study illuminates the current state of AI in the Swedish archival sector, opportunities and obstacles of AI implementations, and the impact of AI on the Swedish archival profession. Swedish archival institutions have interest in and expectations of AI implementation. Yet, the current level of AI implementation is generally on experimental instead of an operational level. The findings show that collaboration and knowledge exchange are key drivers to accelerate the implementation of AI in the archival sector. The study concludes with practical rec-ommendations for archival institutions and archive professionals.

This thesis aims to investigate how Swedish Companies can appropriate products that have strong cultural connections towards other nations or cultures and reintroduce them onto an international market in an authentic way, with emphasis on their Swedish locality. To do this, the study used the booming market of Swedish Craft Gin Distilleries. With a multimodal approach and a comparative analysis of five different Swedish Craft Gin Producers and their international websites, the study explored how authenticity and locality are discursively constructed in the branding and promotion of Swedish Craft Gin Brand published in English for an international audience and market. Additionally, the multimodal analysis was complemented with an analysis of the intentions behind semantic choices and strategies in the marking, based on interview material from the Swedish podcast Gin Podden (The Gin Podcast). The study found that all of the five target distilleries use common themes and values to accommodate meaning, such as the handcrafted and the small scale, Swedish quality, technology and sustainability. Furthermore, the study found that locality is the key feature within construction of authenticity on the market, and that this is constructed and strengthened multimodally through written and visual elements.

This essay aims to discover differences and similarities in the linguistic behavior ofpoliteness in apologetic expressions between men and women in emails. Material wastaken from the Enron Corpus. This Corpus includes information about the senders andrecipients of the chosen email, the context, and an email thread. We searched for twodifferent apologetic expressions, "sorry" and "I apologize", and chose 25 of eachexpression to analyze superficially. We also compared them to each other and by thegender of the user. Out of those 25, we chose ten to analyze more in-depth, five ofwhich used "sorry" and the other five used "I apologize" as apologetic expression. Weanalyzed the emails through the lens of politeness theory, which apologetic expressionwas used, if humour occurred, and to what email genre it belonged. Our results basedon this study showed that women used the apologetic expression "I apologize" morethan men, and that men used "sorry" more frequently than women. One possibleconclusion of this is that women appeared to be more formal in their emails. They alsoindicated tendencies to be nurturing, cohesive, and cooperative in their language. On theother hand, men showed less tendencies of formal behavior and more informallanguage.

Is commercialism a threat to authenticity? This is a qualitative research method and study of IKEAs advertising series Där livet händer. To appear genuine and authentic has become highly important for companies and brands. Critical consumption discourses makes it harder for companies to be perceived as genuine. Där livet händer was launched autumn of 2016 by IKEA Sweden. An advertising series with a concept that aims to represent swedes in their everyday life. The creators of the production worked to avoid traditional language within advertising, instead they wanted to achieve an authentic expression. This study aims to get a better and deeper understanding of advertising where the producer strives for authentic expression. To fulfill the purpose of the study we have used a semiotic analysis of the series Där livet händer, and done qualitative group interviews with different types of consumer groups with different kinds of perspectives on consumption. The theoretical framework for this study is based on Jenkins theory about convergence, Bauman’s theory about consumption culture and Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis. This study shows that the consumer’s individual identity projects through consumption controls how they perceive commercial messages. Brands can through authentic expression, as in authentic recognition, reach different types of consumer groups. To be perceived as authentic, however, seems to be more difficult. Especially if you want to reach consumer groups with more critical perspectives on mass consumption. The home is central in the IKEA commercials, it is also strongly related to the origin, presence and human identity. By recognition linked to the nuclear family and the home, IKEA has more or less managed to affect the different consumer groups in this study.