Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explain and to create an understanding how incorporating an external actor to administer payment services has an effect on the value propositions offered to the consumer. Design/methodology/approach - The study adopts a qualitative approach, since the purpose is to explain and gain understanding about how incorporating an external actor to administer payment services has an effect on the value propositions offered to the consumer. The data has been collected through 13 interviews conducted with respondents from the consumer-, service provider- and payment intermediary segments. Findings - The results from the study illustrates that payment intermediaries do have an effect on the value propositions offered to consumers. However, since value is subjectively interpreted, the findings of this study indicate that incorporating a payment intermediary does not always result in a contribution of value. Furthermore, it is clear that it could influence consumer purchasing decision drastically in specific contexts. Research limitations - The study is conducted on Swedish e-commerce, which means generalizations between the countries cannot be made. Future research for other countries are needed for the findings to be applicable. Practical implications - Findings of this study indicate that incorporating a payment intermediary could influence consumer purchasing decision drastically, in a positive as well as in a negative manner, dependent on the context. Consumers prefer and expect to have a number of payment alternatives with the option to include or exclude an external actor if desired. Keywords - E-commerce, value proposition, value, payment intermediary, customer relationship management

Bristen på kvalificerad arbetskraft är idag utbredd över många branscher. IT-sektorn är en av de branscher som är hårdast drabbad och de närmaste åren förväntas bristen öka. Denna studie syftar till att hjälpa företag inom IT-branschen att se vad som får potentiella medarbetare att söka sig till en specifik arbetsgivare. Denna kunskap ska sedan kunna användas som ett verktyg för att utveckla sitt arbete med employer branding och genom det kunna attrahera, rekrytera och behålla kvalificerade medarbetare. Studien genomfördes på ett företag från Umeå som valt att vara anonyma, hädanefter kallat företag X. Datainsamlingen grundade sig i en värdefaktorsmodell och två olika metoder användes för att samla in datan. För det första genom en enkät som besvarades av 35 potentiella medarbetare, alltså personer som sökt arbete hos företag X. För det andra genom fem semistrukturerade intervjuer som genomfördes med medarbetare på företag X. Resultatet visade att det finns en diskrepans mellan vad potentiella medarbetare söker och vad företag X i nuläget erbjuder. Det potentiella medarbetare värderar högst hos en arbetsgivare är att kunna lita på sina chefer och ledare samt att få möjlighet att utveckla sina kompetenser, vilka av medarbetarna på företag X upplevs som utvecklingsområden hos företaget. Denna diskrepans utmynnade i ett förslag i hur företag X kan utveckla sitt arbete med employer branding och genom detta möta de förväntningar potentiella medarbetare har.

Kalla krigets slut kom att innebära en ökad andel militära försvarsomställningar. Ända sedan dess har det rått delade meningar i forskarvärlden angående hur militära försvarsomställningar ska förklaras; Farrell och Terriff är några av de forskare som försökt förklara dessa genom att skapa en teoretisk förklaringsmodell. Den teoretiska förklaringsmodellen utgår ifrån tre förklarande kategorier: teknologibaserade, politiskastrategiska och kulturbaserade. För att uppfylla syftet med denna uppsats genomfördes en teoriprövning med Farrell och Terriffs teoretiska förklaringsmodell som utgångspunkt för att testa om den kunde förklara den svenska försvarsomställningen. För att kunna genomföra teoriprövningen genomfördes en motivanalys av proposition 2014/15:109 Försvarspolitisk inriktning – Sveriges försvar 2016-2020. Utifrån det analyserade materialet drogs slutsatsen att den teoretiska förklaringsmodellen kunde förklara den svenska försvarsomställningen, främst genom politiska-strategiska orsaker, men att den behöver utvecklas ytterligare för att på ett mer strukturerat och omfattande sätt kunna förklara försvarsomställningar.

Submitted by Ella Schlesinger (ella.schlesinger@gmail.com) on 2018-09-27T07:23:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ella Schlesinger.pdf: 7537993 bytes, checksum: 86996bf3c240460b4e5acc0aa4535bee (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Hozana Azevedo (hazevedo@ufba.br) on 2018-10-03T18:43:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Ella Schlesinger.pdf: 7537993 bytes, checksum: 86996bf3c240460b4e5acc0aa4535bee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-03T18:43:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ella Schlesinger.pdf: 7537993 bytes, checksum: 86996bf3c240460b4e5acc0aa4535bee (MD5) / Esta tese se debruça sobre as diferentes modalidades e funções do isolamento. O quarto de isolamento encontrado em hospitais psiquiátricos levanta questões sobre o acolhimento do sofrimento. Este sofrimento reside no fato de que o ego do sujeito não encontra eco em seu entorno. Isso produz terror e susto quando os elementos do ego se chocam com a realidade externa e / ou seu mundo interno e se difratam, fragmentando-se. Os cuidadores, frente à aflição dos pacientes, diante de sua própria capacidade interna de acolhimento e dos recursos de que dispõem, impõem, em alguns casos, o isolamento como resposta. No intuito de investigar a função de isolamento sem que ela seja reduzida a seu próprio campo de referência, o método complementarista revelou-se uma ferramenta indispensável. Para re-examinar o marco em que essa função é pensada, parece apropriado considerar uma prática de isolamento em um contexto diferente. O encontro inesperado com o candomblé no Brasil, e seu uso da camarinha, oferece um vasto campo de estudo. O confronto dos dois dispositivos, o do hospital psiquiátrico e aquele do candomblé, leva a demonstrar – e essa é a principal articulação deste trabalho – que a função do isolamento contribui para a remodelagem do processo alucinatório do sujeito. Essa comparação permite considerar novas ferramentas para acompanhar o sujeito em isolamento, quando isso é necessário. Serão desenvolvidos principalmente os seguintes conceitos: a "proposta de ser" o "atratores vibráteis" e o "objeto prótese".

Sveriges apoteksmarknad omreglerades år 2009 från ett statligt monopol till en konkurrensutsatt marknad. Orsaken till reformen var liberaliseringsinfluenser inom ekonomin från 90-talet, utifrån teori såväl som medlemskapet i Europeiska Unionen. Reformen mottogs med blandade känslor vilket reflekteras väl i de många motsägande utvärderingarna av reformen de efterföljande åren. Bristen av konsensus om målens uppfyllelse samt de många opartiska granskningarna leder till uppsatsens syfte att granska om målen med reformen är uppfyllda nu nio år senare eller ej. Målen med omregleringen presenteras i proposition 2008/09:145 och är övergripande: ökad tillgänglighet, förbättrad service och låga kostnader för konsumenter och staten. Metoden i uppsatsen är måluppfyllelseanalys med stöd i ett kontrafaktiskt scenario, Sverige utan omregleringen vilket baseras på en applikation av Finlands utveckling efter 2009. Analysen granskar målet utifrån nio aspekter och kommer fram till att marknaden med omreglering uppvisar bättre resultat i åtta av dem jämfört med resultatet på marknaden som inte omreglerades. Den omreglerade marknaden genererade 434 fler apotek och antalet ökade i nio utav tio områden med mellan 18,9 och 80,7 procent mer än den icke reglerade. Öppettiderna var även 11,2 timmar längre per vecka på den omreglerade marknaden. Totalt tillkom det 956 fler farmaceuter när marknaden omreglerades, antal apotek ökade dock snabbare och förhållandet mellan farmaceuter och apotek försämrades mer med omregleringen än utan. På den omreglerade marknaden gick det fem farmaceuter per apotek istället för sex, direktexpedieringen ökade dock med 1,6 procent mer. De totala kostnaderna ökade med 0,289 miljoner euro mindre och kostnaderna per person sjönk istället för att stiga, även priserna i detaljhandel föll mer med omregleringen än utan. Målet om ökad tillgänglighet och låga kostnader är således uppfyllt, målet om förbättrad service är uppfyllt till viss grad. Den totala bedömningen av omregleringen är att den varit lyckad. / Sweden's pharmacy market underwent a reregulation year 2009 from a public monopoly to a market exposed to competition. The reason for the reform was liberalization influences in the economy during the nineties, in economic theory aswell as from becoming a member of the European Union. The reform was received with mixed feelings which was well reflected in the many contradictory assessment reports of the reregulation the following years. The lack of consensus about the goal fulfillment and the many impartial reviews leads to the purpose of this essay, to examine if the goals of the reform are fulfilled now nine years later or not. The goals of the reform are presented in proposition 2008/09:145 as following: increased accessibility, improved service and low costs for consumers and the government. The method is goal fulfillment with support in a counterfactual analysis, Sweden without reregulation, that is based upon Sweden before the reregulation with the application of Finland's development after 2009. The analyze examines the goal from nine aspects and lands in the fact that the market with reregulation shows a better result in eight out of nine of them compared with the result of the market without a reregulation. The reregulated market generated 434 more pharmacies and the number increased in nine out of ten areas with between 18,9 and 80,7 percent more than the non-reregulated market. The open hours were also 11,2 hours longer per week in the reregulated market. The total added number of pharmacist increased by 956 workers with the reregulation, however, the number of pharmacies increased at a greater rate and the relation between pharmacists and pharmacies worsened, more with the reregulation than without. On the reregulated market there were five pharmacists per pharmacy instead of six, however directly dispensed medicine increased with 1,6 percent more. Total governmental costs increased with 0,289 million euro less and the cost per person decreased instead of increased, also the prices in retail dropped more with the reregulation than without. The goal of increased accessibility and low costs are therefore fulfilled, the goal of improved service is fulfilled to a certain degree. The total assessment of the reregulation is that it has been successful.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Interorganizational networks emerge as important strategy, according Atouba and Shumate (2010), Lee and Monge (2011) and Müller- Seitz (2012), because are able to provide the generation of results that transcend the sum of organizational resources earned individually. As well as individual organizations, interorganizational networks also need to act to ensure the growth and strengthening, which impels them to generate new benefits to members, strengthen the ties between members and expand their activities. Gulati (1998) considers the importance of making the most attractive network for new members and Verschoore and Balestrin (2008) believe that the growth of the number of members in a network enables economies scale and market power gains, benefits that meet members s purpose of achieving financial gains (LIMA, 2007; GAZLEY, 2008; KUNZLER, BULGACOV, 2011). In this sense, the expansion of the number of members enables the achievement of member s main objectives, contributing to the strengthening and consolidation of them. Therefore, considering the importance of expanding the number of members in interorganizational networks when the target is better performance this study aimed to propose a model for the expansion of the number of members specific to interorganizational networks. For this, the literature of other types of interorganizational relationships contributed to the construction of the survey questionnaire and the formulation of semi-structured interview guide. The data collection was carried out with the application of 120 questionnaires to interorganizational network managers and 18 interviews on the same sample. Data from questionnaires and interviews were analyzed separately and together, enabling information complementation. As main results the sample of interorganizational networks have a heterogeneous profile regarding time of work (1-38 years) and the number of members (4-410 members), and this sample has an average growth potential of the number of members of 264.45 % with the current structure. Also, younger networks (formed from 2006) have a higher average number of companies entering and fewer companies out annually, which brings out the information that these have greater capacity to generate benefits to members. The "t" test identified a statistically significant relationship between the implementation phase by the networks and the importance given to each phase. In this sense the phase of legal agreements is developed by the largest number of interorganizational networks of the sample (100) and it is considered by those with an average importance of 4,707. The model proposed for the expansion of the number of members in interorganizational network consists of 11 stages, from the creation of a team to expand the number of members to the follow-up phase of new members. It contributes theoretically in order to fill a research gap and, in practical terms, serves as a guide to interorganizational networks that seek to increase the number of members. / As redes interorganizacionais despontam como importante estratégia pois, segundo Atouba e Shumate (2010), Lee e Monge (2011) e Müller-Seitz (2012), são capazes de propiciar a geração de resultados que transcendem a soma dos recursos organizacionais auferidos individualmente. Assim como as organizações individuais, as redes interorganizacionais também precisam agir para garantir o crescimento e o fortalecimento, o que as impele a gerar sempre novos benefícios aos associados, fortificando os laços entre os membros e ampliando sua atuação. Gulati (1998) considera a importância de tornar a rede mais atrativa para novos associados e, para Verschoore e Balestrin (2008), o crescimento do número de associados em uma rede possibilita obter ganhos de escala e poder de mercado, benefícios que vêm ao encontro do propósito dos associados de conseguirem vantagens financeiras (LIMA, 2007; GAZLEY, 2008; KUNZLER e BULGACOV, 2011). Nesse sentido, compreende-se que a expansão do número de associados possibilita o alcance dos objetivos principais dos associados, contribuindo então, para o fortalecimento e consolidação das mesmas. Considerando-se, assim, a importância da expansão do número de associados em redes interorganizacionais, quando da busca por melhores desempenhos, esse estudo objetivou propor um modelo para a expansão do número de associados, específico para redes interorganizacionais. Para tanto, partiu-se da literatura de outros tipos de relacionamentos interorganizacionais, o que possibilitou a construção do questionário de pesquisa e formulação do roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturadas. A coleta de dados se deu com a aplicação de 120 questionários junto a gestores de redes interorganizacionais e as entrevistas totalizaram 18 com a mesma amostra. Os dados desses instrumentos de coleta de dados foram analisados individualmente e em conjunto, possibilitando a complementação das informações. Como principais resultados, salienta-se que as redes interorganizacionais da amostra possuem um perfil heterogêneo no que tange o tempo de atuação (de 1 a 38 anos) e o número de associados (de 4 a 410 associados), sendo que, em valores médios, essa amostra possui um potencial de crescimento do número de associados de 264,45%, dada a estrutura atual. Salienta-se ainda que as redes mais jovens (formadas a partir de 2006) tem um número médio maior de empresas ingressando e um número menor de empresas saindo anualmente, o que traz a questão de que essas possuem maior capacidade de gerar benefícios aos associados. Com o teste t identificou-se uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre a realização das fases pelas redes e a importância dada a cada uma. Nesse sentido a fase de acordos legais é a fase desenvolvida pelo maior número de redes interorganizacionais da amostra (100) sendo considerada por essas com uma importância média de 4,707. O modelo proposto para a expansão do número de associados em redes interorganizacionais é composto por 11 fases, desde a criação de uma equipe para a expansão do número até a fase de acompanhamento dos novos associados. O mesmo contribui em termos teóricos no sentido de preencher uma lacuna de pesquisa e, em termos práticos, serve como um guia para as redes interorganizacionais que buscam a ampliação do número de associados.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-06-29T14:26:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 973078 bytes, checksum: 302bf7253aed6478fac0a90b1464f5b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-29T14:26:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 973078 bytes, checksum: 302bf7253aed6478fac0a90b1464f5b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-06 / The question of truth is recurrent in Fregean texts. This work focuses on the historical and theoretical research on the subject in the work of Frege and of those who set out to comment on the matter. The epistemology is handled directly in the article The Thought (1918-1919) that will guide our search for the right way that we know the world. Frege's life will be addressed to clarify the reading of the article as a project that is in the overall work of the philosopher and not separated from the Fregean project, as well as the influences that other philosophers had on the work. The delimitation of what is studied by logic is essential to contextualize how the term 'truht' is actually approached, in the other words, the delimitation of 'be true', or the normalization to get knowledge about the world. The thought is taken as the bearer of truth, it is independent of the objective world and that the representations of which they are part. The proposition is the dress of thought, so that man can assert about the world. We must avoid the forms of knowledge that are contaminated by sensible experience, for it alone is not capable of capture the truth, which has its own dimension in Frege's philosophy. The truth must be understood as a fact which is recognized as true and we can get to it by observing the laws of logic. / O objetivo desta dissertação é compreender a epistemologia em Frege, além de perpassar o problema da verdade. Durante sua vida, Frege recebeu influência de vários autores como: Kuno Fischer, Ernst Abbe, Herman Lotze; assim como a crítica de Bertrand Russell, que fez com que mudasse o rumo de seus trabalhos, conferindo uma fundamentação filosófica em sua tentativa de basear a Aritmética através da lógica. Frege, ao final de sua vida, escreveu o artigo O pensamento (1918-1919) no qual buscava estabelecer as bases de sua epistemologia. Conforme diz nas primeiras linhas de seu trabalho, alcançar a verdade deve ser a meta da lógica, que deve ser entendida como a única alternativa para chegarmos às verdades que não nos são reveladas pelos axiomas matemáticos. Para tanto, revisamos as obras que se propuseram a trabalhar o tema, das quais podemos destacar: o próprio artigo O pensamento (1918-1919), Conceitografia (1879) e As fontes do conhecimento em matemática e ciências naturais matemáticas (1924), além da crítica de autores contemporâneos de seu legado. A verdade possui dimensão própria, não possui um portador, ela é senhora de si e para alcançá-la, devemos utilizar as demonstrações lógicas.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:11:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 570299 bytes, checksum: b7bee44c4fcfc335b66176133ed4cc81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The text discusses the role of propositions in the work of George Edward Moore and their consequences for moral discourse and action, mostly based on texts The Nature of Judgment and Principia Ethica. It is an analysis, a historical- philosophical exposition and a rescue from emerging discussion in the analytic tradition on the notions of concept and proposition in the first author's work of 1899, thus analyzing the use of propositions and concepts in the moral study in the Principia. It is important to observe that Moore s theory about the propositions and concepts have consequences and problems to the characterization of moral speech and ethical notions as 'good', 'intrinsic value' and 'organic whole'. For context, the work discusses the author's own discussion with authors such as Kant, Bradley and traditions in the history of philosophy as hedonism. This study highlights the extent to which moral concepts can be treated properly in analytical method and the scientific view of ethics Moore. The text also clarifies the difficulties about the notion of good, their hierarchy of values, the use of concepts such as probability, intuition and aesthetics in the constitution of his moral theory based on studies of propositions. / O presente trabalho discute o papel das proposições na obra de George Edward Moore e suas consequências para o discurso e a ação morais, baseado principalmente nos textos The Nature of Judgment e Principia Ethica. Com base em tais escritos, realiza-se primeiramente um resgate da discussão emergente na tradição analítica sobre as noções de conceito e proposição na primeira obra do autor de 1899 para, assim, analisar o uso das proposições e conceitos no âmbito moral, tal como o autor apresenta nos Principia. Observa-se que a teorização acerca das proposições e conceitos apresenta consequências e problemas nas noções que são fundamentais para a caracterização de termos morais do discurso mooreano como bom, valor intrínseco e todo orgânico. Nessa perspectiva, o trabalho também trata da discussão do filósofo britânico com autores como Kant, Bradley e de correntes importantes da história da filosofia como é o caso do hedonismo. Por fim, o trabalho tenta indicar as dificuldades acerca da noção de bom, sua hierarquização de valores, a utilização e entrelaçamento de noções como probabilidade, intuição e estética na constituição de sua teoria moral fundada na análise das proposições.

Syftet är att undersöka hur kunskapsintensiva enheter kan behålla personalen längre. Ju längre Försvarsmakten behåller en individ desto mer erfarenhet kommer denna individ att alstra. En erfarenhet som Försvarsmakten kan dra nytta av i utvecklingen av metoder, tekniker och materiel. Genom effektiv kompetensförsörjning minskar risken för reducerad operativ förmåga. Forskningsfrågan tar avstamp i egna observationer och erfarenheter vid de kunskapsintensiva förband där författarna tjänstgjort. Studien är genomförd vid ett av dessa – Röjdykardivisionen. Forskningsansatsen är induktiv och uppsatsen är skriven efter en kvalitativ fallstudie. Empirin i studien består av fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer samt sex mejlintervjuer. Empirin har analyserats mot referensramen som omfattar tidigare forskning inom främst Employer Branding (EB) men även personalförsörjning och generation Y & Z. Slutsatsen är att kunskapsintensiva enheter kan arbeta med EB i syfte att behålla rätt personal längre. Ur empirin framkommer kategorier specifika för vår fallstudie och som har en direkt koppling till varför individer söker, stannar eller slutar vid enheten. Det som fått respondenterna att Söka är kategorierna; Kamratskap, kvalitet på medarbetarna, upplevelser och Arbetsuppgifter. Det är således dessa egenskaper den här enheten kommunicerat ut som erbjudande till sin resurspool i marknadsföringen. Majoriteten av kategorierna som varit avgörande för respondenterna i att Söka är lika viktiga i att Stanna. Här handlar det om att tillfredsställa de anställdas “krav”. I Stanna fasen tillkommer kategorierna; Utveckling och-/eller Karriär, Livsbalans, Ekonomi samt Ledarskap som alla påverkar benägenheten att stanna. Analyserar enheten kategorierna under både Söka och Stanna skulle erbjudandet kunna bygga på fler kategorier i marknadsföringen framöver. Det är också möjligt för enheten att fortsätta att arbeta med EVP gentemot befintlig personal för att få dem at stanna längre. En arbetsmetod för detta presenteras i appendix 1, Processmodell, ATR.

Cette étude a pour objectif d’examiner la structure des relatives en arabe classique, en arabe standard moderne et en arabe égyptien. Nous avons tenté de montrer les caractéristiques des relatives dans chacune de ces variantes d’arabe et de les comparer à celles du français.La première partie expose l’analyse des relatives chez les grammairiens français, ainsi que notre point de vue sur celle-ci. La deuxième partie présente une étude de la structure de la phrase en arabe classique et en arabe moderne. Nous y exposons également l’analyse menée par les grammairiens arabes des unités que nous apparentons à des relatifs. Dans la troisième et la quatrième partie, nous analysons ce que nous avons appelé les relatives marquées et les relatives non marquées en arabe moderne et en arabe égyptien. Enfin, nous décrivons les ressemblances et les différences, qui sont ressorties de ces comparaisons, entre le système des relatives dans les trois variantes d’arabe étudiées et celui du français. / This study aims to examine the structure of relative pronouns between Classical Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic and Egyptian Arabic. We try to show the characteristics of relative pronouns for each of these three Arabic language variants and compare them with those of the French language.The first section presents an analysis of the relative pronouns by French grammarians, as well as our perspective on it. The second section presents a study of sentence structure in Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic. In this section, we also present an overview of the analysis conducted by Arab grammarians of the units that we consider as relative pronouns. In the third and the fourth section, we analyze what we have called the marked relatives and unmarked relatives in Modern Standard Arabic and Egyptian Arabic. Finally, we describe the similarities and differences that emerge from these comparisons between the system of relative pronouns for each of these three Arabic language variants and the French language.