My dissertation, Black Studies Definitions, examines the varied ways that Black Studies has been defined in the United States of America. Investigating the definitions found in college/university catalogues, foundation reports, encyclopedias, dictionaries, textbooks, scholarly articles/books, and the popular press, I suggest that the definitional difficulties surrounding this field can be clarified by considering the archive of these materials, the significance of “the year of promise,” 1968-1969, and a conceptual approach to the discipline. Quite often, observations about Black Studies are grounded in references to limited primary sources. By unearthing and extracting statements about the field from fifty years of materials, “Black Studies Definitions” suggests the inadequacy of such formulations and provides a resource for systematically researching Black Studies. The year of promise has been noted as an important historical landmark; however, its role in the development of Black Studies has not been comprehended accurately. Presenting selected texts that were written during this span, this dissertation identifies 1968-1969 as a vital developmental phase in Black Studies. It does so by using select texts written by the higher education establishment and by intellectuals to abstract key words and kernel elements that provide a basis for defining the discipline. Finally, “Black Studies Definitions” uses a conceptual approach to offer a provisional definition of the field. Addressing more than forty years of unsatisfying efforts, this dissertation points towards techniques that can lay the foundation for a fruitful future in the discipline. My dissertation is an interdisciplinary analysis that aims at a better understanding of Black Studies in higher education. After compiling and analyzing earlier definitions of Black Studies, I noted that these statements were often incomplete. These incomplete statements produced confusion surrounding the identity of the field; however, they also contained details that could provide a fuller understanding of Black Studies. Inquiring into the core concepts of the field, I discovered that Black Studies, which was a new discipline circa 1968, inspired definitions that included a few recurring keywords. My research attempts to determine when and how these keywords appear in materials defining the discipline. By charting such patterns in definitions of Black Studies, I lay the groundwork for a more careful chronicling of the different phases in the field’s public presentation. This kind of chronicling suggests that a conceptual approach to defining the discipline proves fruitful. Despite the proliferation of Black Studies programs between 1968 and 2017, academicians have yet to agree on what is included or excluded from this field. “Black Studies Definitions” addresses this situation with three crucial interventions. My work presents a bibliography of more than one thousand texts that engage the definition of this field. My research establishes 1968-1969 as a revelatory era in identifying the core concepts that underlie Black Studies. Finally, my dissertation illustrates that a conceptual approach provides a fruitful basis for defining this field. Specifically, it argues that Black Studies is a branch of the interdisciplinary human sciences that probe the relations between a state of mind, people and language.

In recent years, critics have argued that the California attorney general’s role in formulating ballot language opens the door to biased titles and summaries for statewide propositions. This paper examines the debate over the propriety of the attorney general’s role, using the largely unexamined case study of Proposition 58 (2016) to gain insight about the attorney general’s influence. In November 2016, voters in California – many in counties that supported Donald Trump – approved Prop. 58 with 73.5 percent of the vote. This proposition removed many restrictions on bilingual education programs in public schools. Eighteen years earlier, 61 percent of Californians had approved an initiative to restrict bilingual education in the state. This paper uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis to examine potential reasons for this swing in voting behavior on bilingual education policy, concluding that the attorney general’s ballot language most compellingly explains the bulk of this shift. As such, the paper suggests adding an extra check on the attorney general’s office during the ballot drafting process to ensure that Californians receive clear, impartial information on election day.

Since the competition on the market regarding standing out as an organization and as an employer, creating a good reputation is more important than ever.  Knowledge regarding how to attract potential employees is vital for organizations. This to be able to differentiate themselves from their competitors with an advantage. The research area regarding employer branding and employer value proposition has developed since Ambler and Barrow (1996) first minted the concept, but it is still important to contribute with further studies. The purpose of this study was to contribute with more knowledge regarding the components of organizations EVP’s and how they communicate this to potential employees. Further, the study had a descriptive purpose with a qualitative approach, and it was deductive. This was achieved by interviewing six different respondents from six different audit firms active in Sweden. The interviews were semi-structured, recorded and transcribed. The collected empirical data showed that the components included in audit firms EVP’s are compensation, benefits, work content, career, affiliation and they choose to communicate work content, career, and affiliation. The main communication channels used to communicate their EVP’s to potential employees are social media, LinkedIn, their own websites and on-campus marketing.   Keywords: Employer brand; Employer branding; Employer value proposition; Marketing communication; Promotion

本研究旨在探討記者寫作新聞時可能經歷的思考過程。與一般歸納式研究不同的是，本研究採取演繹式的研究途徑，嘗試以各相關領域的理論（包括認知科學、語言學、心理語言學、新聞學等）為基礎，推演出一個理論上的新聞寫作歷程模式。 　　本研究以語言學中的轉換概念(transformation)作為寫作模式的基礎。將新聞寫作視為記者從長期記憶的基模知識中，提取適當命題出來，經過種種轉換規則的處理，而轉換成為新聞文本的過程。轉換出來的新聞文本，在內容上呼應基模的命題層次結構；在結構及風格上符合新聞寫作的特殊要求。此外，新聞寫作是在情境影響下進行的活動，因此在模式中也討論情境因素對新聞寫作轉換過程的影響。 　　為補文獻推演的不足，本研究也進行一個很小的個案研究，請一位報社記者實際採訪一則新聞，並於採訪完後寫一則新聞稿。在記者寫稿時，以放聲思考法及寫作後立即追溯訪問法探測記者寫新聞時的思考過程。個案研究的資料作為本研究模式的參考。 　　最後本研究針對模式無法研究的部份，對未來研究提出幾點建議。並且就本研究所推演出的理論模式，對新聞寫作教學提出一些建議。 / The purpose of this article is to unviel the mysterious process of newswriting. Different from other inductive research, article employs the deductive approach. The author tries to construct a theoretical model on the basis of theories in relevant fields, including cognitive science, linguistics, psycholinguistics and journalistics. The central concept of this model is "transformation" borrowed from linguistics, viewing newswriting process as pro- positions retrived from schema in long-term memory, transformed by various rules, and finally presented as news text. After the process of transformation, the content of news text corresponds to the propositional levels of schema, and the sturcture as well as style of news text conform to the professional requirements of newswriting. In addition, this article also discusses the influence of context in the transforming process of newswriting. In order to improve the thoroughness of the model, the author conducted a simple case study. The author invited a reporter to attend a conference and requested her to write a piece of news about the conference. In order to probe the thinking process,the reporter was requested to think aloud during writing, and was interviewed immediately after writing. The data of case study was used for reference. In the last part of this article, the author makes some suggestions for future research and for the educator of news- writing according to the theoretical model in this article.

This Exegesis and accompanying artworks are the culmination of research conducted into the existence of surveillance in virtual worlds. A panoptical model has been used, and its premise tested through the extension into these communal spaces. Issues such as data security, personal and corporate privacy have been investigated, as has the use of art as a propositional mode. This Exegesis contains existing and new theoretical arguments and observations that have aided the development of research outcomes; a discussion of action research as a methodology; and questionnaire outcomes assisting in understanding player perceptions and concerns. A series of artworks were completed during the research to aid in understanding the nature of virtual surveillance; as a method to examine outcomes; and as an experiential interface for viewers of the research. The artworks investigate a series of surveillance perspectives including parental gaze, machine surveillance and self-surveillance. The outcomes include considerations into the influence surveillance has on player behaviour, security issues pertaining to the extension of corporations into virtual worlds, the acceptance of surveillance by virtual communities, and the merits of applying artworks as proposition.

<p>The main objective of this thesis is to understand why there is imbalance of exchange students of Sweden and Thailand. We have analyzed the interviewed data of Swedish students who had experience of studying at universities in Thailand. Our research has revealed the factors and issues behind the imbalance situation. After analyzing factors we have proposed some recommendations in order to improve the pedagogy to increase the number of Swedish students deciding to study at Universities in Thailand so that the exchange imbalance could be reduced. Furthermore, we have proposed a favor product package for Swedish students that can help them to decide to study in Thailand.</p>

<p> </p><p>The main objective of this thesis is to understand why there is imbalance of exchange students of Sweden and Thailand. We have analyzed the interviewed data of Swedish students who had experience of studying at universities in Thailand. Our research has revealed the factors and issues behind the imbalance situation. After analyzing factors we have proposed some recommendations in order to improve the pedagogy to increase the number of Swedish students deciding to study at Universities in Thailand so that the exchange imbalance could be reduced. Furthermore, we have proposed a favor product package for Swedish students that can help them to decide to study in Thailand.</p><p> </p>

<p>Det har under senare år blivit mer och mer populärt att bosätta sig i närheten av vatten. Från mitten av 1990-talet och fram till 2005 ökade Sveriges befolkning med 170 000 invånare och av dessa var det motsvarande 97 % som bosatte sig i kustområden, det vill säga det område som ligger vid strandkanten och 5 km inåt land. Detta ökar belastningen på strandnära områden, men strandskyddet ger Sverige goda förutsättningar för att vara förberedda för detta. Lagar om strandskydd har funnits sedan 1940-talet och dess syfte är att säkerställa människors möjlighet att utnyttja allemansrätten, att skydda miljöerna i strandnära områden samt att skydda växter och djur i områdena. Naturvårdsverket konstaterade i början på 2000-talet brister i lagstiftningen. Bland annat tolkades lagen olika i olika kommuner samtidigt som gav lagen kommunerna otydliga riktlinjer att följa. Sedan den 1 juli 2009 finns en ny strandskyddslag som ger klarare riktlinjer än den gamla lagen. Det är därmed intressant att se hur kommunerna tror att deras samhällsplanering kommer att påverkas av den nya lagstiftningen. I detta arbete görs en jämförelse av hur nya strandskyddslagen påverkar arbetet i åtta kommuner i Värmlands län och Gävleborgs län. En enkät, bestående av en del med frågor kring den gamla lagstiftningen och en del med frågor kring den nya lagstiftningen, skickades till kommunerna. Resultatet från enkäten visar att kommunerna generellt sett är positiva till den nya lagen vilket mycket beror på att beslut kring strandskyddet framöver kommer att bli mer lokalt förankrade än tidigare. Kommunerna tror att antalet dispenser från gällande strandskydd inte kommer att ändras på grund av den nya lagstiftningen, men att de beslut som tas blir bättre förankrade än tidigare. En slutsats som kan dras från enkätundersökningens resultat är att kommunerna är olika väl insatta i den nya lagstiftningen, och att det finns en viss oro att den nya lagstiftningen kommer att innebära ett ökat arbete för kommunerna. En stor skillnad som enkätens resultat visar på är att Värmlandskommunerna är mer villiga att bebygga tidigare strandskyddade områden än vad de är i Gävleborgskommuner. Kommunerna i Värmland har många små samhällen dit de gärna vill locka nya innevånare, och det finns många attraktiva områden med närhet till vatten.</p>

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<p>Bakgrunden till arbetet väcktes genom debatterna sensommaren 2009 om skyddsnivån på de fordon som svenska soldater i Afghanistan använder sig av och det ökade antalet attacker mot den svenska kontingenten där. I takt med att upprorsmännens attacker började skada personalen så var frågeställningen klar. Hur ser stödet till de svenska soldaterna och officerarna ut? Syftet med arbetet är presentera en sammanhållen bild av hur försäkringsskyddet ser ut genom att svara på dessa frågor. Hur försäkringsskyddet ser ut för svensk personalen som tjänstgör för utlandsstyrkan idag? Samt vad innebär den så kallade veteransoldatspropositionen ur försäkringssynpunkt, vilka är skillnaderna? Metoden i arbetet kommer att vara i huvudsak deskriptivt men även komparativt. Inledningsvis så kommer en litteraturstudie att genomföras som mynnar ut i en beskrivning av hur försäkringsskyddet ser ut i dagsläget. Därefter kommer veteransoldatspropositionen att studeras och förslagen där i att beskrivas. Slutligen kommer dagsläget och propositionen att jämföras. Ur försäkringssynpunkt är det fyra skillnader i propositionen jämfört med dagsläget. Det är bland annat att lagen och förordningen som reglerar försäkringarna för utlandsstyrkan byts för att innefatta även personal som inte ingår i utlandsstyrkan, vilket ger den personalen ett robustare skydd. Vidare förlängs Försvarsmaktens uppföljnings- och rehabiliteringsansvar vilket är positivt för en soldat som skadat sig och behöver stöd. Försvarsmakten ska dessutom bli bättre och tydligare i sitt arbete att informera soldater och anhöriga i hur skyddsnätet ser ut.</p>