Orientador: Mariza Correa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:54:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pasini_Elisiane_D.pdf: 16240742 bytes, checksum: 654645370a0272f529f08bc1022755b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este é um estudo antropológico sobre convenções de masculinidade e feminilidade no campo circunscrito de uma peculiar zona fechada de prostituição feminina localizada na região central da cidade do Rio de Janeiro/RJ: a Vila Mimosa. O universo pesquisado compreende a diversidade de homens que são levados a esse contexto por diferentes motivações: sociabilidade, masculinidade, trabalho e sexo, os quais, intitulo de freqüentadores. Os freqüentadores são aqueles que podem vir a ocupar um outro lugar na relação com a prostituta: um cliente, um namorado, um marido, um protetor, um privilegiado. Assim, ele sempre está neste lugar de um "devir". No contexto carioca, a prática de proteção!cuidado - atributo masculino - que é crucial no universo de valores da prostituição, associado ao sustento financeiro e, sobretudo, na possibilidade de conferir um status distintivo ao receptor do provimento constituem um modelo de masculino, que chamo aqui de provedor simbólico - que transcende os corpos de homens e circula entre homens e mulheres. Esta análise também concentra-se no estudo da valentia, outro atributo genereficado constitutivo do universo estudado. Por estas razões esta tese investiga os modelos de masculino na prostituição feminina. Ao propor este debate pretendo desvendar elementos que vão além do mundo da prostituição, trazendo pistas para entender práticas de relações de gênero em outros contextos sociais / Abstract: This is an anthropological study about the conventions of masculinity and femininity in the red-light district of female prostitution located in the central area of the city of Rio de Janeiro/RJ : the Vila Mimosa. The study population consists of a wide range of men who go to this area for several reasons: socialization, masculinity, work and sex, and whom I have called the regulars. The regulars are those who may relate to the prostitute as a client, a boyfriend, a husband, a protector, a privileged. Thus, he is always in a position of about to become. ln the Rio de Janeiros's context, the practice of protection/care - a masculine attribute - which is crucial in the universe of values of prostitution, associated with financial support, and above all, the possibility of a distinctive status for the provider, constitute a model of masculinity, which I call here as the symbolic provider- which transcends the bodies of men and circulates among men and women. This analysis is also focused on the study of bravery, another gender attribute that constitutes the population studied. Por these reasons, this thesis investigates the models of masculinity in the female prostitution. ln this debate, I intend to reveal elements that go beyond the world of prostitution, bringing clues for the understanding of gender relationships in other social contexts / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais / Doutor em Ciências Sociais

This paper explores the contemporary reader´s fascination with the Victorian period focusing on Michel Faber´s neo-Victorian novel The Crimson Petal and the White (2002). By comparing and contrasting various literary elements that link the Victorian novel to contemporary neo-Victorian fiction it simultaneously shows the similarities and differences between the nineteenth-century Victorian sensorium and that of the present day. It puts particular emphasis on the sensory perceptions of vision and smell, since those two senses are the most prominent ones in Victorian and neo-Victorian fiction and they are also regarded as extremes on the sensory scale. The nineteenth-century urban hygiene campaign transformed, in particular, the perception of olfaction. This study concludes that our contemporary society bears many similarities to the Victorian period as a society of great change. The renewed interest in the Victorian signifies the twenty-first century reader´s desire for an idealized world set in another time, which yet appears familiar and recognizable. Neo-Victorian fiction thus functions as a means of knowing both your heritage and finding your own place in the present day. The sensory perception of foremost smell is part of our cultural heritage and thus the neo-Victorian novel mirrors the deo-Victorian concept.

I debatten om prostitution finns många olika perspektiv på fenomenet och dess aktörer. Syftet med denna studie är att identifiera diskurser som är framträdande i diskussioner som rör prostitution, och därigenom bidra till ökad förståelse och ett bättre debattklimat. Studien är en diskursanalys på socialkonstruktivistisk grund. Till hjälp i analysen används Foucaults begrepp pastoralmakt som handlar om omsorg och hjälp genom kontroll och maktutövande. Tidigare diskursanalyser inom ämnet har delat upp diskurserna efter huruvida de syftar till att motverka eller normalisera prostitution. Den svenska sexköpslagen är abolutionistisk och bygger på en könsmaktsordningsdiskurs samt en patologiseringsdiskurs där sexköpare antas lida av psykiska problem. Andra diskurser som identifierats i tidigare forskning är den manliga sexdriftsdiskursen, olägenhetsdiskursen och moraldiskursen. Studien använder kritisk diskursanalys. Urvalet utgörs av 136 svenskspråkiga artiklar som innehåller något av sökorden “prostitution”, “prostituerad” eller “sexarbete” och som publicerats i tidningar eller på webben i Sverige mellan 1 februari - 30 april 2017. Analysen fokuserar på textens lingvistiska uppbyggnad samt intertextualitet, när texten refererar till andra texter eller diskurser. Resultatet visar att abolutionsdiskurser är dominanta medan normaliserande diskurser är ovanliga. Bland de mest dominanta diskurserna finns människorättsdiskursen, könsmaktsordningsdiskursen, patologiseringsdiskursen och diskursen om fattigdom och psykisk ohälsa som motivation till att sälja sex. Att abolutionsdiskurserna är dominanta kan bero på att hjälparbetare som polis och socialarbetare, som främst kommer i kontakt med sexsäljare i behov av hjälp, ges stor makt att tolka fenomenet. Insatser som motiveras med en olägenhetsdiskurs motiveras ofta med en moraldiskurs, vilket leder till att åtgärder som har negativa konsekvenser för sexsäljare presenteras som stödinsatser för säljare. Könsmaktsordningsdiskursens dominans leder till att sexsäljare som är män och transpersoner döljs. Framtida studier rekommenderas fokusera på män och transpersoner och på normaliseringsdiskurser eftersom dessa inte förekom så ofta i detta urval.

Denna studie belyser hur positiva attityder till sexköp relaterar till kulturella föreställningar om manligt och kvinnligt. Tidigare forskning har visat att gruppen sexköpare består av en heterogen skara av män, och studier av dessa mäns bevekelsegrunder för att köpa sex har också genomförts. Forskning har även lyft fram hur sexköp normaliseras när män interagerar och samarbetar med varandra på prostitutionsforum. I denna studie åskådliggörs istället hur sexköpande män upprätthåller en positiv hållning till sexköp i en kontext där ett starkt motstånd mot sexköpet föreligger. Materialet som undersöks utgörs av en diskussionstråd som är hämtad från det internetbaserade forumet Flashback Forum, och som går under rubriken ”Varför köper ni sex?”. I studien tillämpas Hirdmans teori om genussystem samt Connells teori om hegemonisk maskulinitet, och genom den kritiska diskurspsykologins metodologi analyseras hur bilden av sexköp som en legitim handling sammanvävs med såväl könsspecifika normer som med sexköparnas känsloliv. Resultatet visar att framställningen av sexköpet som en legitim handling utgörs av en samling motsägelsefulla föreställningar som aktualiseras i en dynamisk process, vilken anpassas i förhållande till det motstånd som sexköpet möter. Sexköparna ger uttryck för en maskulinitet som inbegriper ett berättigande till kvinnans kropp, och den prostituerade kvinnan uppfattas vara ett bruksföremål på en marknad. Samtidigt beskrivs sexköpet som en frivillig affärstransaktion mellan jämlika parter. Männens förhållande till sina sexköp och till kvinnor präglas av känslor. De känner sig förorättade och förfördelade på det sexuella planet i relation till kvinnor, men samtidigt upplever de sig själva som altruistisk välgörare i bemärkelsen att de hjälper kvinnor genom att köpa sex.

The goal of this master's thesis is to understand the link between legalization of prostitution and human trafficking. The thesis is divided into three major sections. The theoretical part defines major terms, such as human trafficking and prostitution. This section also describes the issue of human trafficking and prostitution in the context of the Czech Republic and in the context of Germany. The empirical part/section is based on interviews with a number of social workers in Germany, and its primary goal is to elicit whether legalization of prostitution in Germany caused an increase in the number of victims of human trafficking. Lastly, the final part, the discussion, compares findings of interviewed social workers with findings in scientific articles. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The research has been designed to study the effects of the rapid urbanization in and around the Roodepoort, targeting mainly the sprawling informal settlements across the area and the existing townships of Dobsonville, Doornkop (Snakepark) and Kagiso. The researcher, who is a practising pastor in the area, had been challenged by a number of issues related to the process of urbanization. The CODESA process that culminated with the elections of 1994 and the subsequent change of government had raised very high hopes among the majority of South Africans who lived in poverty and foreigners, in their own land, for decades. The turnover at the elections, inspired by leaders such as Bishop Desmond Tutu, was a clear indication that an ordinary South African was yearning for a better life. This was a new beginning as many people had been restricted by the apartheid laws to work and live where they wanted. The repeal of all the apartheid laws saw the beginning of influx from the rural homelands to the cities. The hope that job opportunities were available near the cities was the main force of attraction. This unplanned process resulted in creation of massive informal settlements as there were no houses to cater for the massive movement. This process is called rapid urbanization. Not very long, the reality of the past indicated that there were no major changes with the new government. The economy still remained in the hands of few individuals, majority of whom still being white, as the new government came through negotiations and not complete take over (Coup D’état.) Few blacks managed to shoot up the economy ladder through processes such as BEE and the GEAR leaving the majority of people in abject poverty. The great trek did not only happen within the borders of the country, millions of people from the African, Asian and East European countries also moved into South Africa to try their luck at the new South African economy. Highly qualified professionals left their struggling countries to seek better life in South Africa. This category came legally through the recruitment processes but the larger contingency came illegally into the country. They took the advantage of lack of internationally recognised immigration instruments to regulate movement in and out of the country. This process saw the country soaring with illegal economic migrants as well as genuine refugees and asylum seekers. The rapid urbanization process brought about the following challenges: <ul><li> Culture shock </li><li> Declining family structures/ life and Social problems </li><li> Drug trafficking </li><li> Education </li><li> Exploitation of foreigners </li><li> Exploitation of informal settlement dwellers and “Shack farming” </li><li> Human trafficking. </li><li> Inadequate housing and homelessness</li><li> Institutional harassment and unfair discrimination </li><li> Lack of Employment </li><li> Poverty in urban areas</li><li> Refugees and economic migrants </li><li> Social benefit exclusion </li><li> Stigmatization on HIV and AIDS, Crime, including serious crimes</li><li> Xenophobia </li> </ul> The challenges, as tabled above, brought about a series conflicts between the South African internal migrants and the foreigners which culminated into a bitter xenophobic outburst of 2008. The main reason for the conflict was that South Africans felt that jobs were being taken away by foreigners and also that the government was neglecting service provision to the local community in favour of foreigners. A number of service delivery protests have become a common sight, particularly in the informal settlements. Lack of basic facilities and the irregular allocations of the RDP Houses, crime and poverty have waned the patience of residences of informal settlements. The resent protests in Zandspruit, Rietfontein and Diepsloot informal settlements north west of Johannesburg are some of the concrete examples. The situation could not be ignored by the Church and this research was an attempt to understand the extent of the problem in order to find a way to improve ministry to the affected communities. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

AFRIKAANS: Kinderprostitusie is 'n sosiale probleem wat wêreldwyd voorkom. Kinders wat nog nie puberteit betree het nie asook adolessente word deur souteneurs en hulle ouers of voogde by kindersekswerk betrek. Hierdie kinders wat dikwels die enigste broodwinners van die gesin is, word aan vernederende en in sommige gevalle gedwonge seksuele aktiwiteite, geweld, intimidasie en dwelms blootgestel. Die aard, omvang, werkswyse asook die emosionele, psigiese en fisieke gevolge van prostitusie op die kind is aan die hand van 'n verkennende, kwalitatiewe ondersoek (Gauteng - spesifiek Johannesburg en Pretoria) bestudeer. Die ondersoek word teoreties gerig deur onder andere die sosiale struktuur- en prosesteorieë. Verder is verskeie risikofaktore ten opsigte van kindersekswerk geïdentifiseer. Die moontlike dekriminalisering van prostitusie asook die effek wat dekriminalisering van prostitusie op kindersekswerk sal hê, is onder die loep geneem. Verskeie aanbevelings in verband met verdere navorsing rakende kindersekswerk is gemaak en moontlike oorkomingstrategieë ten opsigte van kindersekswerk is ook geïdentifiseer. ENGLISH: Child prostitution is a social phenomenon that occurs worldwide. Children, prior to reaching puberty, and adolescent's, are drawn into child sexwork by pimps, their parents or guardians. These children, often the only breadwinners of their families, become exposed to humiliation and in numerous situations coercion, violence, intimidation and drugs. The nature, extent, working environment and the emotional, psychological and physical effects of child prostitution on the child are explored through an explorative and a qualitative study (Gauteng - specifically Johannesburg and Pretoria). The study is theoretically driven through, inter alia, the social process and structural theories. Several risk factors regarding child sex work are identified. The possible decriminalization of prostitution and the effect thereof on child sex workers was considered. Several recommendations for further research on child sex work were made and possible prevention strategies were also identified. / Dissertation (MA (Criminology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Criminology / unrestricted

This paper is set to evaluate the factors leading to prostitution and provide the understanding of the hardships that are experienced by prostitutes in their pursuit for income generation. However, this will be preceded by the background to the study. Secondly, this paper will lament or touch on the strategies employed by the Nelson Mandela Metro and other countries in an attempt to alleviate poverty. Thirdly, the views of academics and other experts in the fields of both the prostitution and poverty will be put into perspective. The relevant research methodology used to this study was found to be a descriptive study. The concluding remarks and recommendations on what is needed in order to improve the situation in the Nelson Mandela Metro are provided for the purpose of this study. Towards the end of this study, bibliography has been provided followed by the relevant annexures which will serve as evidence that inform this study.

“Area restriction” is the umbrella term used for this thesis to consider geography-based, individually- assigned orders issued by criminal justice agents to remove and restrict targets from particular city spaces. This research focuses on 13 Canadian cities that use arrest-and-release area restriction strategies to managing street sex work(ers). Despite heavy criticism for their punitive nature, area restrictions have received little academic attention. This project takes an exploratory and descriptive approach to the issue in order to develop a platform for future research. Using qualitative, non-experimental methods it also critically analyzes the implementation, logic and reported impacts of the strategies while drawing implications for how area restrictions relate to citizenship statuses of sex workers by mapping exclusions onto the city. Multiple data sources were included but the most significant and compelling information comes from interviews with police officers and community agency workers. Findings suggest that area restriction strategies contribute to substantial social divides between sex workers and other community members, but also between sex workers and important services, resources and their community. At the same time, the strategy is reported as a “temporary relief” measure that is ineffective at lessening sex trade activity and often leads to displacement and dispersal of sex work(ers). However, collaborative efforts in some cities show promise for achieving goals of ‘helping sex workers off the street.’ Realistic recommendations for area restriction strategies are made that lead to more inclusive approaches that are considerate of needs and concerns of all interest groups linked to the “prostitution problem.”

La justice criminelle en Artois (1526-1790) est un sujet à la fois d’histoire locale et internationale en raison de l’oscillation de ce comté entre les Habsbourg et les Bourbons. L’étude de ce sujet incite à observer l’impact du fond coutumier, conservé jusqu’à la Révolution, et les interventions du pouvoir central par l’établissement de nombreuses lois au long des trois siècles. Ces dispositions législatives, impériales et royales, viennent se superposer sans s’imposer complètement aux acteurs des différents tribunaux. Elles sont davantage le signe de relations politiques à volontés centralisatrices qui se heurtent à une réalité culturelle locale.Les juridictions locales prennent ces interventions comme des occasions d’affirmer leur autonomie, leur forte émancipation, et rappeler l’étendue de leurs prérogatives judiciaires. C’est surtout le cas des échevins. En Artois, ils ont haute, moyenne et basse justice. Pourtant, ils ne sont qu’un échelon des justices réputées inférieures.Les échevins, cœur de ce travail, ont des rapports parfois compliqués avec les juridictions supérieures. Ils prouvent leur puissance en résistant aux prétentions épisodiques des justices royales.Avec leurs partenaires des autres villes, ils mettent en place des zones d’influence et un maillage judiciaire qui a pour but de repérer les criminels et de les livrer à leurs juges naturels. Pour cela, les correspondances, mais aussi un personnel varié, œuvrent à la traque des délinquants et criminels afin de maintenir la concorde social.Dès lors, les justices échevinales disposent de tout un arsenal de peines qu’ils pondèrent en fonction de leur éducation, de leur culture et des préoccupations du temps, afin de préserver et contrôler les populations urbaines des « bonnes villes » d’Artois sous l’Ancien Régime. En fonction des circonstances des crimes et délits, la justice des échevins fait preuve de discernement dans l’application de ce qui est qualifié d’arbitraire des peines. / Criminal justice in Artois (1526-1790) can be studied both at te local but also at the international level as the count regularly switched hands from the Habsbourg to the Bourbons. We are going to study the impact of customary law, kept until the Revolution, and the interferences within this law of the central power through numerous proceedings added during three centuries. We can thus see sets of legislative, imperial land royal dispositions trying to make their way through the local system but they were never really implemented. They were the sign of the central power's wish to rule over the county but they clashed with the local cultural realities. Indeed, the local courts of law took no acount of these interferences thus affirming their autonomy and their emancipation, demonstrating, by doing so, the extent of their legal prerogatives.It is all the truer for the municipal magistrates ; in Artois, they ruled over high, intermediate and lower courts of justice even if they were just part of the lower one. The magistrates at the core of this essay sometimes had difficult relationships with the higher courts as when they displayed their power while resisting the periodical pretensions of the royal justices. With their partners from others cities they created zones of influence and a judiciary networking within which they could detect criminals and surrender them to judges. The tracking down of delinquents and criminals was made through letters between many persons and social concord was thus promoted and kept. From then on the municipal courts had within reach a complete paraphernalia of punishments they used according to their education, culture and state of mind of the moment to keep and control the urban populations of the "ggods cities" of Artois under the Ancien Regime. The local magistrates acted ponderously in the enforcement of sentences according to the circumstances within which crimes and offenses had been committed, showing some arbitrariness nonetheless.