Le dommage causé à soi-même a très longtemps constitué un sujet hors du droit, synonyme de stigmatisation morale ou de fatalité. Depuis la fin du XXème siècle, c’est un enjeu essentiel des politiques publiques qui fait encore aujourd’hui l’objet d’un débat éthique et juridique. D’une part, la volonté de se causer un dommage exprime les aspirations de l’homme contemporain à obtenir la maîtrise de son corps, qu’il s’agisse de choisir le temps et les conditions de sa mort, de revendiquer des pratiques masochistes ou bien de faire don de ses organes. D’autre part, cette prise de risque dommageable pour soi révèle très souvent une opposition de l’État et de la société en général, en raison de l’atteinte susceptible d’être portée aux valeurs sociales et aux équilibres budgétaires. En tant que sources croissantes de préoccupation, les manifestations et les limites du dommage causé à soi-même méritent d’être soumises à l’étude de leur contexte historique, social et juridique. / The damage caused to oneself was for a very long time a topic outside the law, as a synonym for moral stigmatization or for fate. Since the end of the XXth century, it is an essential public policy issue that is the object even today of an ethical and legal debate. On the one hand, the will to harm oneself reflects the aspiration of the contemporary man to have the control of its body, that it is a question of choosing the time and the conditions of its death or claiming masochistic practices or donating organs. On the other hand, this harmful risk-taking for oneself reveals frequently an opposition of the State and more generally of the society, because of the potential violation of the social values and the budget balances. As increasing sources of concerns, the manifestations and the limits of the damage caused to oneself deserve to be subjected to the study of their historic, social and legal context.

Obwohl die methodische Entwicklung der Peptidsynthese gewöhnlich eine automatisierte Herstellung erlaubt, sind für die Herstellung einer Reihe von Peptiden auch gegenwärtig Grenzen gesetzt. Einerseits kann eine im Verlauf der Kettenverlängerung auftretende Bildung intra- und /oder intermolekularer Wasserstoffbrücken zu einer begrenzten Solvatation und damit Zugänglichkeit der zu acylierenden Aminokomponente am Syntheseharz führen, andererseits kommt es beim Einbau sterisch anspruchsvoller Aminosäuren zu ungenügenden Acylierungsausbeuten. Urethangeschützte Aminosäurefluoride haben sich für den Einbau von alpha, alpha-Dialkylaminosäuren als geeignet erwiesen. Die reaktiveren urethangeschützten Aminosäurechloride sind zwar herstellbar, besitzen aber in Gegenwart einer Hilfsbase, die zum Abfangen der während ihrer Reaktion gebildeten HCl notwendig ist, eine zu geringe Stabilität (Oxazolonbildung, Abspaltung der Schutzgruppen). Erst die Verwendung von N(alpha)-Schutzgruppen, die keinen reaktionsfähigen Carbonylkohlenstoff enthalten, wie Arensulfonyl- Schutzgruppen, ermöglichen die volle Ausschöpfung der hohen Reaktivität der Aminosäurechloride. Mit Hilfe dieser Schutzgruppen gelang ein erster Vergleich der Reaktivität der Aminosäurechloride und -fluoride. Bei den durchgeführten Reaktionen wurde keine Stereomutation beobachtet. Unter Verwendung von Arensulfonylschutzgruppen war es erstmals möglich, zwei aufeinanderfolgende N-Alkyl-alpha, alpha-dialkylaminosäuren in Peptide einzubauen. Weiterhin konnten wir zeigen, daß derart geschützte Aminosäuren sich für in situ Aktivierungen mit Thionylchlorid eignen. Als Fänger für überschüssiges Aktivierungsreagenz wurden tertiäre Alkohole bzw. Amine eingesetzt. Arensulfonyl-geschützte Aminosäurechloride haben wir darüber hinaus erfolgreich in der Festphasenpeptidsynthese verwendet. In Kombination von Arensylfonyl-Schutz mit der Standard-Fmoc-Strategie gelang die Synthese eines biologisch aktiven Analogen des CRF, eines 41-mer Peptides mit einer eingefügten Tetrapeptidsequenz -Ala-MeAib-MeAib-Aib-. / Despite its wide field of application automatic peptide synthesis is still limited in certain cases. One of the limiting factors is the possibility of intra- or intermolecular hydrogen bond formation during the elongation of the peptide chain. This causes decreased solvation and thus reduced accessibility to the resin-bound amino component. Another limitation is the incorporation of sterically hindered amino acids that usually give rise to insufficient yields of acylation. Urethane protected amino acid fluorides have been shown suitable for the incorporation of alpha,alpha-dialkyl amino acids. Though the more reactive urethane protected amino acid chlorides can be readily synthesized, they do not possess the necessary stability in the presence of an auxiliary base that must be used for trapping of the hydrochloric acid formed during the reaction. Formation of oxazolons and deprotection of formerly protected functional groups would occur. Only the advent of protecting groups for the amino acid N-alpha that do not have a reactive carbonyl function - like arene sulfonyl groups - allowed to take full advantage of the high reactivity of the amino acid chlorides. These protecting groups enabled us to compare the reactivities of amino acid chlorides and fluorides for the first time. We didn't observe any stereo mutation in our experiments. The use of arene sulfonyl protecting groups permitted the consecutive incorporation of two N-alkyl-alpha,alpha-dialkyl amino acids into a peptide for the first time. Furthermore we could show, that amino acids protected in this way, are suitable for in situ activation with thionyl chloride. Tertiary alcohols and amines were used as scavenger for excessive activating reagent. Arene sulfonyl protected amino acids were also successfully used in solid phase peptide synthesis. By combining this protecting concept with the standard Fmoc approach we were able to synthesize a biologically active analogue of CRF, a peptide containing 41 residues into which we inserted the tetrapeptide Ala-MeAib-MeAib-Aib.

The analysis of the rules evolution, in particular internationally, demonstrates normative and principles conflicts that serve as power play instrument and the colonizer-colonized dichotomy, even when its essence is directed to the maintenance of peace. The the Responsibility While protecting (RWP) presented by Brazil in 2011, within the context of the development of global standards, permeated by non-linear conflictual interactions, where the interventions based on a Responsibility to Protect(R2P) civilians, have challenged the existing structures in the global order and therefore has sparked great debate regarding the prevalence of decisions emanating from the United Nations Security Council - UNSC against the sovereignty and self-determination of peoples, since there is no control of legality and legitimacy of that discretion which the United Nations - UN holds. In this sense, the present work aims to analyze if the Responsibility to Protect can be considered as an attempt to influence from the Global South countries in the production of global standards and this can work as a capable principle of safeguarding the coercive nature of measures by of the UNSC, a way of accountability that implies a large extent by the level of responsibility of emanating acts from the UN Security Council that determ interventions, and what tools are needed for the Responsibility to Protect is an effective tool of prior control of legality and legitimacy. In order to meet this goal, we adopted a dialectical approach, drawing on the monographic method, through bibliographical and documentary research and interdisciplinary literature, among others that apply to the subject under study. / A análise da evolução das normas, em específico no âmbito internacional, demonstra conflitos normativos e principiológicos que servem de instrumento de reprodução de poder e da dicotomia colonizador-colonizado, mesmo quando sua essência está voltada para a manutenção da paz. O Princípio da Responsabilidade ao Proteger (RWP, sigla em inglês), apresentado pelo Brasil em 2011, surge no contexto da evolução das normas globais, permeadas por interações não lineares conflituosas, onde a implementação cada vez maior de intervenções baseadas em uma Responsabilidade de Proteger (R2P, sigla em inglês) civis, tem desafiado as estruturas existentes na ordem global e por isso tem suscitado grande debate no que toca a prevalência de decisões emanadas do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas - CSNU face à soberania e a autodeterminação dos povos, uma vez que não há um controle de legalidade e legitimidade desse poder discricionário do qual a Organização das Nações Unidas - ONU é detentora. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação visa analisar se a Responsabilidade ao Proteger pode ser considerada como uma tentativa de influência a partir dos países do Sul Global na produção de normas globais e se esta pode funcionar como um princípio capaz de acautelar as medidas de natureza coercitiva por parte do CSNU, isto é, uma forma de accountability que implique em um maior nível de responsabilidade por parte dos atos emanados do Conselho de Segurança da ONU que determinem intervenções, bem como quais são os instrumentos necessários para que a Responsabilidade ao Proteger seja uma ferramenta eficaz de controle prévio de legalidade e legitimidade. De forma a cumprir esse objetivo, adotou-se uma abordagem dialética, valendo-se do método monográfico, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e literatura especializada interdisciplinar, dentre outras que aplicáveis ao tema em estudo.

In the introduction of the diploma thesis there is discussed the question which every social worker knows: Could I have done something different? This is the question which is asked by almost everyone, especially a social worker. Further there is a brief outline of topics which are delineated in the diploma thesis. First chapter describes the institution Children´s Center JK Strakonice. Father there is a list of necessary knowledge which a social work should have for his or her occupation. Also the liabilities of the social worker to the clients are not left out. In this part there can be found also work with specific types of clients. For better understanding of the demands of social work in Children ´s Center JK Strakonice the thesis contains selected life stories of the women clients. These life stories should help to the reader to see the problems from different point of view and help to understand how much is important so that the clients decides himself or herself to solve his or her problems. In the second chapter there are described psychological and ethical dimensions of the profession, burnt out syndrome which is threat for everyone of us, especially for a social worker. In this chapter there are depicted causes of formation and manifestations of burnt out syndrome. The third chapter is also connected with the burnt out syndrome. The focus in this chapter is on prevention and protection. The attention is also paid to the personality of a social worker, his or her abilities to perceive the problem, but also experiences in moral decision-making and hierarchical position of values. The compliance of the principles of psycho hygiene and presence of supervision plays a very significant role. In the conclusion of the diploma thesis there is the summary of performance of a social worker in Children´s Center JK Strakonice. Every social worker should realise his or her responsibility not only to his or her clients, employer and colleagues but especially to himself or herself and his or her conscience. The interdependence of profession and conscience merges with the diploma thesis.

Bibliography: leaves 441-459 / The shepherd metaphor is a prominent and significant one in the Old Testament. However, it has shifted from an agrarian context, of shepherd and sheep in the literal sense, to a socio-political context, of rulers and people in the political sense: a king is a shepherd to the people. A careful review of the given metaphor raises the question whether the metaphor should be the basis of the pastoral and leadership models that are derived from the image of the shepherd, and whether such models can be enriched by the analysis of the said metaphor as applied to the implementation of the shepherding responsibility described in the Old Testament. This research aims to examine various pastoral and leadership models and their use of the shepherd metaphor in the light of the significance of the said metaphor in the Old Testament. It utilises rhetorical criticism in consultation with metaphorical theory to examine the given metaphor used in the models of pastoral and leadership roles and their relationship with the shepherd metaphor in the New Testament. The objective is threefold: (1) exploring the use of the shepherd metaphor in the Old Testament; (2) examining the use of the shepherd metaphor in pastoral and leadership models, which could include pointing out that some of these models rely heavily on their understanding of New Testament uses of this metaphor; and (3) comparing the Old Testament and pastoral/leadership models’ uses of the shepherd metaphor and drawing conclusions based on this comparison. To achieve that end, the discussion also includes the ancient Near Eastern literature and deuterocanonical texts. The thesis shows that a careful analysis of the uses of the shepherd metaphor in the Old Testament could enrich the literature on Christian leadership as well as pastoral models that use this metaphor as their point of departure. / Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies / D. Phil. (Old Testament)

Masters thesis is engaged of chosen parts of technological-buildig project of administrativ and housing complex of Sochorova in Brno, Žabovřesky. Contains technological-buildig study of first phase with brief description of advancement of construction with grafical scripts of particular steps, timetable and pecuniarytable of objects AB3, AB4, diagrams with various possibilities of using operatives. Thesis continous with calculation of entire first phase and item budged of object AB3(draft construction), statement of masurement, technical report of construction-technological AB3, plan of situaction of the building, technological manual of reiforced concrete ceiling of AB3 including plan of planking parts PERI, timetable, design of construction site equipment with technical report, proposal of machineries and crane, plane of inspections for chosen items, ecology and report about safety and health protecting on construction site.