This diploma thesis entitled ?Educate yourselves!? Project and Its Implementation in order to sustain employment within the district of České Budějovice in times of economic crises emphases initially basic terms regarding the public employment policy thanks to which the given project could proceed. The second part of the thesis describes the complete overview of the individual project ? Educate Yourselves!?; i.e. assigned conditions and organisation of the project. Statistics demonstrate the results arising from the process, not only in the Czech Republic, but also in the district of České Budějovice enabling thus a closer look at the area. Consequently, it reflects the current state of civil society which took part in the aforementioned project. Necessary information was collected from the people participating in the project by means of questionnaire-based research and interview method. The main objective of the thesis is to survey the given project entitled ?Educate Yourselves!? in the district of České Budějovice and to analyse its further use in a selected company. Based on theoretical findings and acquired data, the number of participating employees, required financial means and course duration and different types, including research fulfilment regarding the employees, could be identified ? i.e. the main contribution of the project and its assessment. The thesis provides satisfactory answers to all aforesaid issues.

This thesis deals with policy failure and policy success and aims at introducing this issue into the context of the Czech Republic. The main perspective of the thesis follows approaches to analysis of policy success and policy failure developed by Mark Bovens, Paul 't Hart, and Allan McConnell. Their theoretical assumption is complex, as they evaluate the policies upon the criteria of the more general dimensions (process, program, and politics). The goal of the thesis is not only to utilize their theoretical background but also to refine and reconceptualize current theory of policy success and policy failure, respectively. The thesis is based on case study research design. The chosen case - organizational reform of labor offices - is considered as a typical policy failure. I describe and analyze in detail the selected case with a wide range of qualitative and quantitative methods. This reform was extensive and was realized in two stages. The first stage focused on the organizational structure (from decentralized to centralized management). The second stage included changes in the content of the public employment services provided by the labor offices (the newly introduced services were all non-insurance social benefits). The analysis of labor offices reform seeks to answer the following questions,...

The Swedish Public Employment Service's reform based on the so-called January agreement from 2019 has since its initiation been an ongoing issue in the Swedish public debate. As a result of the reform, several municipalities have expressed experiences that the operational cooperation in individual cases has deteriorated. The experiences are significant, as cooperation between the Swedish Public Employment Service, municipalities and other actors has been described as a prerequisite for realizing labor market policy. The purpose of the thesis is therefore to study what the operational labor market policy cooperation in individual cases looks like in four Swedish municipalities and how municipal officials perceive that the conditions for this cooperation are affected by the Public Employment Service's reform. This through a qualitative interview study, with a strategic selection of municipalities. The study is thus based on a local perspective and the selection of municipalities is made in order to cover several contextual factors that could potentially affect the municipal experiences. The theoretical starting points are taken from the theory of interorganizational cooperation. The result shows consistent experience in all the municipalities interviewed that the conditions for the interorganizational operational cooperation in individual cases at the local level being negatively affected by the Swedish Public Employment Service's reform. Both in terms of cooperation between the municipalities and the Public Employment Service as well as between the municipalities and independent actors (in cases where they cooperated before the reform). The main reason for the deteriorating cooperation is described as a changed local presence, reduced contact areas and reduced personal relationships at the administrator level. These factors have also been identified by the municipal representatives as the most important factors to address in order for there to be an appropriate and well-functioning cooperation. / Arbetsförmedlingens reformering med utgångspunkt i den så kallade Januariöverenskommelsen från 2019 har sedan dess initiering varit en pågående fråga i den svenska samhällsdebatten. Till följd av reformen har flera kommuner uttryckt erfarenheter av att det operativa samverkan i individärenden försämrats. Erfarenheterna är betydelsefulla eftersom samverkan mellan Arbetsförmedlingen, kommuner och andra aktörer beskrivits som en förutsättning för att realisera arbetsmarknadspolitiken. Syftet med uppsatsen är därför att studera hur den operativa arbetsmarknadspolitiska samverkan i individärenden ser ut i fyra svenska kommuner samt hur kommunala tjänstepersoner uppfattar att förutsättningarna för denna samverkan påverkats av Arbetsförmedlingens reformering. Detta genom en kvalitativ intervjustudie, med ett strategiskt urval av kommuner utifrån kommunernas geografiska position och hur Arbetsförmedlingen valt att arrangera myndighetens lokala närvaro. Studien utgår därmed från ett lokalt perspektiv och urvalet av kommuner görs i syfte att täcka in flera kontextuella faktorer som potentiellt kan påverka de kommunala erfarenheterna. Studiens resultat visar på samstämmiga erfarenheter hos de intervjudade kommunföreträdarna om att förutsättningarna för den interorganisatoriska operativa samverkan i individärenden på lokal nivå påverkats negativt av Arbetsförmedlingens reformering. Både när det gäller samverkan mellan kommunerna och Arbetsförmedlingen samt mellan kommunerna och fristående aktörer (i de fall de samverkat innan reformen). De främsta orsakerna till den försämrade samverkan beskrivs vara Arbetsförmedlingens förändrade lokala närvaro, minskade kontaktytor och minskade personliga relationer på handläggarnivå. Faktorerna har utifrån de intervjuade kommunföreträdarna identifierats som viktiga för att främja en ändamålsenlig och välfungerande samverkan.

The object of research is the process of reforming public administration of employment in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is the theoretical and practical justification of methods for reforming public administration of employment and the development of proposals to improve the effectiveness of these methods. The main research methods were the comparative legal method, the method of analysis of statistical data, the methods of sociological research, as well as the design method. In the process of research, the current development of public administration was analyzed, both in Russia and, in particular, in the Sverdlovsk region, the main trends and development problems were identified, the reasons for their occurrence were identified. The result of this work was the development of directions for the further reform of public administration of employment in the Sverdlovsk region. / Объектом исследования является процесс реформирования государственного управления занятостью населения в Российской Федерации. Цель исследования заключается в теоретическом и практическом обосновании методы реформирования государственного управления занятостью населения и разработки предложения по повышению эффективности данных методов. Основными методами проведения исследования стали сравнительной-правовой метод, метод анализа статистических данных, методы социологического исследования, а также метод проектирования. В процессе исследований было проанализировано текущее развитие государственного управления, как в России, так и в частности, в Свердловской области, выявлены основные тренды и проблемы развития, установлены причины их возникновения. Результатом проведенной работы стала разработка направлений развития дальнейшего реформирования государственного управления занятостью населения в Свердловской области.

Examensarbetets syfte var att belysa och bidra till kunskaper om hur elva kommuner i en delregion förhåller sig till nya förutsättningar med en förändrad nationell arbetsmarknadspolitik efter Arbetsförmedlingens reformering 2019. Arbetet bidrar till att ge insikter kring kommunernas strategier för organisering och samverkan, samt konsekvenser för kommunala aktiviteter för deltagarna. Empirin är inhämtad med kvalitativ metod genom att djupintervjua elva kommunala chefer, med ansvar inom arbetsmarknadsområdet i sin kommun, på en strategisk eller strategisk/operativ nivå. Arbetsförmedlingens reformering har till exempel inneburit nedstängning av många lokala kontor och att insatser som tidigare ofta utfördes av kommunerna på uppdrag av Arbetsförmedlingen nu utförs av fristående aktörer. Som en följd av de statliga förändringarna har det påverkat den lokala arbetsmarknadspolitiken som kommunerna utför, med anpassning av kommunernas organisationer och vilka aktiviteter som kan erbjudas deltagarna i målgruppen. Arbetsförmedlingens reformering innebar till en början omfattande konsekvenser för den lokala samverkan och individsamverkan, vilket har fått en betydelse för utförandet av arbetsmarknadspolitiken i praktiken för kommunerna och kommunernas invånare. Examensarbetets teoretiska referensram beskriver att Arbetsförmedlingen har svårigheter i att kunna erbjuda flera av målgrupperna tillräckliga insatser, vanligen de deltagare som står längst ifrån arbetsmarknaden till exempel ungdomar, utrikesfödda och långtidsarbetslösa, grupper som ofta kan ha ett kommunalt ekonomiskt bistånd. Det medför att det kan finnas förväntningar att kommunerna ska utföra insatser för de som står längst ifrån arbetsmarknaden. Målgruppen utgör ofta en kostnad för kommuner och även om arbetsmarknadspolitiken i grunden är ett statligt ansvar agerar kommunerna med insatser för att reducera de egna kostnaderna för ekonomiskt bistånd. Det empiriska materialet i examensarbetet har analyserats tematiskt. För att synliggöra strukturen kontra individernas handlingars betydelse för förändringsprocesserna har analysen utgått från Giddens Struktureringsteori. Slutsatserna är att kommunerna har påverkats med omfattande anpassningar efter Arbetsförmedlingens reformering. Det har krävts olika individuella lokala strategiska beslut för att anpassa organiseringen, ofta med nedskärningar, och samverkan till de nya förutsättningarna. Kommunerna har även valt olika strategier vid anpassning av de aktiviteter som erbjuds olika grupper av deltagare och vilka målgrupper som kommunerna erbjuder aktiviteter. / The aim of the thesis was to shed light and contribute to knowledge about how eleven municipalities in a region are responding to new conditions with a changed national labour market policy after the reform of the Swedish Public Employment Service in 2019. The work contributes to insights into the municipalities' strategies for organization and cooperation, as well as consequences for municipal activities for participants. The empirical data was collected using qualitative method by conducting in-depth interviews with eleven municipal managers, responsible for the labour market area in their municipality, at a strategic or strategic/operational level. For example, the reform of the Swedish Public Employment Service has resulted in the closure of many local offices and that services that were previously often carried out by the municipalities on behalf of the Public Employment Service are now carried out by independent actors. As a result of the government changes, it has affected the local labour market policy that the municipalities carry out, with adaptation of the municipalities' organizations and which activities can be offered to the participants in the target group. The reform of the employment agency initially had extensive consequences for local and individual collaboration, which has been important for the implementation of labour market policy in practice for the municipalities and their residents. The thesis' theoretical framework describes that the Public Employment Service has difficulties in being able to offer several of the target groups sufficient activities, usually the participants who are the furthest from the labour market, such as young people, foreign-born and the long-term unemployed, groups that often can receive municipal economic support. This means that there may be expectations that the municipalities will carry out activities for those who are furthest from the labour market. The target groups represent a cost for the municipalities and even if labour market policy is fundamentally a state responsibility, the municipalities act with activities to reduce their own costs for economic support. The empirical material in the thesis has been analysed thematically. To make visible the structure versus the significance of individuals' actions for the change processes, the analysis has been based on Gidden's Structuration Theory. The conclusions are that the municipalities have been affected by extensive adaptations after the reform of the Swedish Public Employment Service. Various individual local strategic decisions have been required to adapt the organization, often with cuts, and collaboration to the new conditions. The municipalities have also chosen different strategies when adapting the activities offered to different groups of participants and which target groups the municipalities offer activities to.

Dans un contexte de vieillissement démographique où l’on peut, entre autres, craindre une montée des pénuries de main-d’œuvre, des interventions gouvernementales ont été envisagées afin de s’en prémunir. Parmi les solutions envisageables, celle d’inciter les personnes âgées à demeurer plus longtemps ou à revenir sur le marché du travail a été empruntée par les gouvernements du Canada et, à plus forte raison, du Québec qui est la seule province à s’être doté d’une politique basée sur le concept de vieillissement actif encadrant ces réformes. Notre travail a permis de recenser la mise en place d’incitatifs financiers dont l’objectif était l’incitation à l’emploi des personnes âgées, ce qui nous mène à faire le constat d’une reconfiguration de la logique institutionnelle des politiques publiques destinées aux personnes âgées. Bien que ces mesures aient été adoptées depuis plusieurs années, nous ignorions l’efficacité de celles-ci et remarquons que peu d’évaluations avaient été entreprises sur les mesures d’incitation financière destinées aux personnes âgées au Canada. Nous notons que les changements entrepris étaient diversifiés dans leur nature, ce qui représente une opportunité particulièrement féconde en matière de recherche en politiques publiques de comparer ces instruments au sein d’une même population sur une courte période de temps. Notre travail de recherche a ainsi pour principale question d’évaluer les effets de ces incitatifs financiers sur la participation des personnes âgées au marché du travail, sur le type d’emploi occupé et sur l’intensité de celui-ci. Notre cadre théorique combinant des théories issues des sciences économiques classiques et des courants institutionnalistes nous permet de générer différentes hypothèses sur les marges extensives et intensives de travail, sur le type d’emploi occupé ainsi que sur les effets hétérogènes selon le profil sociodémographique. À partir des microdonnées de l’Enquête sur la population active et d’un modèle économétrique basé sur la méthode des différences dans les différences, nous avons évalué au sein d’un même modèle l’efficacité de quatre types de mesures différentes : la possibilité de cumuler des revenus d’emploi et des rentes de retraite, un crédit d’impôt sur l’offre de travail, un crédit d’impôt sur la demande de travail et un mécanisme de bonus-malus sur les rentes de retraite. Trois types de régressions ont été entreprises : premièrement, une régression binomiale sur le fait de participer au marché du travail; deuxièmement, une régression linéaire sur le nombre d’heures travaillées; et, troisièmement, une régression multinomiale sur le type d’emploi. Nos résultats sur les marges extensives de travail montrent que toutes les variables incitatives ont exercé une influence à la hausse sur l’activité des personnes âgées. Bien que des effets hétérogènes soient observés selon la mesure, l’incitatif le plus efficace apparaît être la possibilité de cumuler des revenus d’emploi et des rentes de retraite alors que le crédit sur l’offre de travail et le mécanisme de bonus-malus n’exercent une influence importante que sur des sous-groupes précis de la population, généralement aisés. Ce sont les personnes moyennement scolarisées, les hommes et les personnes âgées de 60 à 64 ans qui ont vu une plus forte hausse de leur activité en réaction aux incitatifs. Au contraire, les personnes les moins scolarisées présentent la plus faible réaction, bien qu’ils soient expressément ciblés par plusieurs mesures. Il nous semble par conséquent que des obstacles institutionnels peuvent interagir avec les incitatifs financiers et limiter leur efficacité. Au niveau des marges intensives et du type d’emploi, les mesures incitatives ont, de manière agrégée, peu influencé l’intensité du travail, ce qui s’explique par des effets opposés selon les mesures mises en place. Alors que certaines mesures encouragent théoriquement à travailler plus intensément, d’autres mènent plutôt les personnes à réduire l’intensité de leur travail ou à travailler à temps partiel. En règle générale, ce sont les personnes les plus scolarisées et les hommes qui semblent avoir davantage la marge de manœuvre pour ajuster l’intensité de leur travail ou de choisir un emploi à temps partiel afin d’optimiser leurs préférences. / In a context of demographic ageing, where there are fears of growing labour shortages, measures had to be considered to mitigate its negative effects. Among the possible solutions, that of encouraging older people to stay longer or return to the workforce has been taken up by governments in Canada and, even more so, in Quebec, the only province to have adopted a policy of active aging to frame these reforms. Our work has enabled us to make a detailed inventory of financial incentives aimed at encouraging the employment of older people, which we analyze as a major reconfiguration of the institutional logic of public policies aimed at the elderly. While many measures had been taken, we are unaware of their effectiveness, and noted that few evaluations had been undertaken in Canada. We note that those changes were diversified in nature, which represents a particularly fruitful opportunity for public policy research, since it enables us to compare their effect within the same population over a short period of time. The main aim of our research was to assess the effects of these incentives on older people's participation in the labour market, and on the type and intensity of their employment. Our theoretical framework, composed of orthodox and heterodox economic theories, enables us to generate various hypotheses on extensive and intensive work margins, as well as on heterogeneous effects according to socio-demographic profile. Using microdata from the Labour Force Survey and an econometric model based on the difference-in-difference method, we evaluated the effectiveness of four different types of measures within the same model: the possibility of combining employment income and retirement pensions, a tax credit on labour supply, a tax credit on labour demand, and a bonus-malus mechanism on retirement pensions. Three types of regressions were undertaken: first, a binomial regression on participation in the labour market; secondly, a linear regression on the number of hours worked; and, thirdly, a multinomial regression on job type. Our results on participation in the labour market showed that all incentive variables had an positive influence on the activity of the elderly. Although heterogeneous effects were observed, the most effective incentive was the possibility of combining employment income and retirement pensions, whereas the labor supply credit and the bonus-malus mechanism only exerted a significant influence on specific sub-groups of the population, generally the wealthier. People with a medium level of education (secondary and partial post-secondary), men and people aged 60 to 64 saw the greatest increase in their activity. In contrast, the least educated (0 to 8 years of schooling) showed the weakest response to incentives. While the latter could be targeted by incentives, institutional barriers may interact with the latter and limit their effectiveness. At the level of intensive margins, incentives had little influence on work intensity in aggregate terms, which can be explained by opposite effects depending on the measures implemented. Indeed, while some measures theoretically encourage people to work more intensively, others tend to lead them to reduce the intensity of their work or to work part-time. Generally, it is the better-educated and men who seem to be more capable to adjust their work intensity or choose part-time employment to optimize their preferences.

L’objet de cette thèse est une comparaison entre les dispositifs de gestion du personnel des administrations publiques françaises et italiennes, afin d’explorer leur efficacité et d’identifier les principaux problèmes qui émergent à la suite de leur application. La loi italienne assimile le dirigeant à l’employeur privé. Il est donc le titulaire formel et substantiel des prérogatives de l’employeur public. En ce qui concerne les relations de travail, à l’exception de normes spéciales de droit public qui sont à l’intérieur du Texte unique de l’emploi public, le législateur renvoie à la négociation collective et aux mêmes règles qui régissent la relation de travail au sein de l’entreprise privée. Dans la fonction publique française le droit du travail est inapplicable . Toutefois, on remarque l’influence réciproque de celui-ci et du droit de la fonction publique. Il n’y a pas de place pour la négociation : le fonctionnaire doit accepter le régime juridique imposé par l’employeur public. En dépit des apparences et malgré deux différents régimes juridiques, les deux systèmes en évoluant montrent toujours davantage de ressemblances, notamment en ce qui concerne les outils de gestion du personnel, le recours aux contractuels et le rôle de la négociation collective. Il se trouve que la souplesse dans la gestion des ressources humaines n’est pas nécessairement liée à la forme juridique de la relation de travail des fonctionnaires. Le choix unilatéralisme/négociation, régime de droit public ou de droit privé est mal posé. Même le statut constitue un cadre souple, ce sont plutôt certaines pratiques politiques et administratives qui causent des dysfonctionnements. Pour gagner en efficacité, il ne s’agit pas, pour l’Italie, de supprimer la privatisation de l’emploi public, et non plus pour la France de supprimer le régime statutaire. Il se trouve que les deux administrations publiques n’utilisent pas toutes les possibilités offertes par les normes. Il faut investir sur les ressources humaines afin que les hauts fonctionnaires deviennent de vrais managers, plutôt que de continuer à envisager sans cesse des réformes radicales. / This research consists in a comparison between the legal instruments of human resource management in the French and Italian public service sector. The objective is to evaluate their efficacy and uncover the main problems linked to their implementation. In the Italian public service sector, the manager is assimilated to the employer found in private firms. The link between the public servant and the administration is first regulated by a specific law, then by collective bargaining and labour law. In the French system, labour law isn’t applied to the public service sector. However, labour law has an influence on it, and vice versa. Collective bargaining doesn't have any formal rule because the civil servant must accept conditions imposed by the administration. Despite appearances, throughout their evolution the two systems seem to increasingly resemble each other, particularly in the realm of human resource management legal instruments, the use of temporary jobs and the rule of collective bargaining. It seems that flexibility in human resource management isn’t necessarily associated to the nature – public, private or mixed - of the link between the public servant and the administration. The choice between unilateralism and negotiation, administrative law and labour law doesn’t matter so much. Though French statute law is flexible, there are some political and administrative customs which are damaging. In both Italy and France, public administrations do not need to ignore - respectively - privatisation and statute law in order to become more effective. It seems that public administrations do not use all the possibilities offered by existing laws. They have to invest in human resources in order to transform office directors into real managers, rather than to continuously work on useless or damaging radical reforms.

Contrairement à ses homologues européens, le Royaume-Uni n'a pas adopté en 1989, le texte de la charte communautaire des droits sociaux fondamentaux des travailleurs abrégée charte sociale. Il s'est tenu, jusqu'en 1997, à l'écart des décisions européennes en matière sociale. Au lendemain de son arrivée au pouvoir, le gouvernement de Tony blair a mis fin à cette exception britannique. Le parti travailliste, fervent opposant à l'adhésion du royaume-uni au marché commun dans les années 1970, a pu rallier ses partisans au chapitre social de la construction européenne deux décennies plus tard grâce à cette charte. Depuis, le Royaume-Uni a su démontrer son engagement européen par rapport aux politiques sociales. Il a approuvé le traité d'Amsterdam qui a vu la mise en place de la Stratégie Européenne pour l'Emploi. Pour autant, il reste toujours celui qui incarne en Europe, le « modèle libéral anglo-saxon », en vigueur aux États-Unis. Il est vrai que malgré cette adhésion, les politiques thatchériennes n'ont pas été modifiées en profondeur par le New labour mais juste infléchies et il existe toujours en Europe, une spécificité britannique au niveau de la législation du travail et des relations sociales. Paradoxalement, malgré cette spécificité britannique, le Conseil européen, en 2002, a estimé que les programmes mis en place au Royaume-Uni sont compatibles avec les objectifs européens pour l‘emploi.Ce travail de recherche s'intéresse aux enjeux que représente la Stratégie Européenne pour l'Emploi au Royaume-Uni. Notre analyse nous amènera à mettre en évidence la situation britannique par rapport aux recommandations européennes en matière de politiques pour l'emploi. L'intérêt de ce travail de recherche est de souligner un paradoxe : à la fois comprendre les spécificités du marché du travail britannique, occupant une position unique en Europe mais aussi se rendre compte que les politiques de l'emploi menées au Royaume-Uni sont tout à fait compatibles avec les recommandations européennes et compatibles avec la Stratégie Européenne pour l‘Emploi. / Unlike her European counterparts, Britain did not sign the Social Charter in 1989 and benefited from an opt out of the social rights included in this Charter until 1997. When the first New Labour government came into office, Tony Blair put an end to this British opt out. The Labour Party, which had been against the British entry into the EEC in the seventies, managed to convince its members to change their views on the European Union two decades later thanks to this Charter. By signing the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997, the UK adopted the Social Charter and accepted the changes brought by the “Social Chapter” included in the Treaty. The Treaty of Amsterdam also introduced the European Employment Strategy. Since then, the UK has endorsed the Social Charter and implemented a range of UE social measures. Despite social policies, the UK compared to its European partners is considered as “the Anglo-Saxon model” available in the US because Margaret Thacher's economic policies have not been deeply modified and at the European level, there are British particularities as far as labour law and industrial relations are concerned. Yet despite such disparities, the European Council considered in 2002 that the employment policies carried out in the UK were in accordance with the European Employment Strategy. This thesis examines how the European Employment Strategy is operating in the UK. The analysis focuses on how the European guidelines are implemented in the UK labour market regulation. The aim is to shed light on a paradox: on the one hand, the UK labour market has its own specificities which are not similar to other European countries; and on the other, the employment policies pursued in the UK comply with the European guidelines within the European Employment Strategy.

From a jurisprudential analysis of several judgments of the Constitutional Court, the author tries to show a new perspective based on a dynamic vision of a Social State and Constitutional Law, which ones require a fundamental presence of judges in the deliberation of court cases related to the prohibition on collective bargaining in the case of public employment, in order to show the scope of axiological protection that labor law should take in situations such as public employment and lack of funds in order to achieve equality between public and private employment , thus avoiding overt discrimination. / A partir de un análisis jurisprudencial de diversas sentencias del Tribunal Constitucional, el autor intenta presentar una perspectiva basada en el cambio de visión de un Estado Social y Constitucional de Derecho que exige una presencia fundamental de los jueces en la deliberación de los casos referentes a la prohibición de la negociación colectiva en el caso del empleo público, para con ello demostrar el ámbito de protección axiológica que debe asumir el derecho laboral frente a situaciones como el empleo público y la falta de presupuesto para lograr una igualdad entre los empleos públicos y privados, evitando así, una discriminación manifiesta.

This thesis aims to analyze how tendencies to corruption affect trust in Central Managing Authorities: Sweden Public Employment Service, National Service Center, and Swedish Insurance Agency.  The research questions are:  · Can the trust and legitimacy for the three Central Managing Authorities has been affected by corruption?  · What similarities and differences exist about the corruption into Swedish Public Employment Service, National Service Center, and Swedish Social Insurance Agency?  · Can the lack of trust and legitimacy have other causes than the occurrence of corruption?  The study used comparative method, where cases have been compared and analyzed out from theoretical framework. Through comparation, similarities and differences between the cases and find explaining factors about how corruption can affect trust through applying of the theoretical framework was identified. There are some important implications. First, corrupt tendencies can lead to common interests be override because of personal interests. Second, the democratic values in the public administration can be affect negatively because of corrupt tendencies. Lastly, knowledge and awareness are fundamental for how corrupt tendencies affect citizen’s trust for Central Managing Authorities.