Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo estudar as características reconhecidas como sendo positivas em professores, de acordo com a visão de alunos e professores. Como instrumento de coleta de dados, foram aplicados questionários com uma pergunta aberta respondido por alunos do 5o ano do Ensino Fundamental, além de uma série de entrevistas com professores selecionados de duas escolas públicas. A pesquisa foi baseada no estudo das diversas facetas da atuação do professor em sala de aula (tanto em aspectos comportamentais quanto de atuação), estabelecendo divergências e similaridades nas opiniões defendidas por educandos e educadores. O intuito é dar insumos para entender melhor aspectos da visão que predomina sobre a figura do professor e suas representações na contemporaneidade. / This research had the objective to study the recognized positive characteristics on teachers, according to the students and teachers view. As a data collection tool, questionnaires with an open question answered by students in the fifth grade of elementary schools were applied, as well as a series of interviews with selected teachers from two public schools. The research was based on the study of the various facets of teacher performance in the classroom, taking consideration themselves in behavioral and performance aspects, establishing differences and similarities in the views expressed by students and educators. The intention is to give inputs to better understand aspects of view that predominates over the figure of the teacher and their representations in contemporary times.

With the growing trend in use of 3D laser scanning technology for data collection, it is important to study the various potential applications of this revolutionary technology. One such application is the measurement of road roughness at both large and small scales. At larger extents, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is compared to several current techniques to measure road profiles including digital levels, inclinometers, and inertial profilers. An overall indicator of roughness (e.g. International Roughness Index, IRI) can be obtained from these road profiles and is used by state DOTs to determine the pavement quality. Since TLS is able to collect a large, dense set of data relatively quickly, this technology could provide states with an additional tool to both measure pavement roughness and collect data for the entire roadway. TLS has the added benefit of being able to generate multiple profiles across the roadway efficiently. At a fine scale, micron resolution 3D laser scanners can be utilized to determine the influence of asphalt mix designs on the roughness of the pavement. Of particular interest is the selection of predominant aggregate size within the mix. Results showed that TLS can determine pavement profiles and comparable IRI results to those from current methods. The elevation values collected within the profile were accurate within expected ranges. However, cross correlations, which take into account the location of the roughness, were poor, indicating that TLS is not an effective method to determine a reference profile. TLS was used to determine the cross slopes across the roadway, something that cannot be done with data from an inclinometer or inertial profiler. / Graduation date: 2012 / Zipped file contains 4 file types. Excel files (.xlsx and .xls) can be opened using Microsoft Excel. OBJ files (.obj) are geometry definition file formats intended to be imported into a software program to manipulate 3D laser scans and can also be opened using Notepad++ or another powerful text editor. Notepad++ is freely available for download on the Web. PVP files (.pvp) are project files that contain project settings and profile data and can be opened with ProVAL, a freely available engineering software application used to view and analyze roadway profiles. ERD files (.ERD) are standard file formats used for storing numbers in tabular form and can be opened with Notepad++ or another powerful text editor. These files contain roadway profiles and are designed to be imported into ProVAL.

This dissertation concerns the location and nature of phenomenal qualities. Arguably, these qualities naively seem to belong to perceived external objects. However, we also seem to experience phenomenal qualities in hallucinations, and in hallucinations we do not perceive any external objects. I present and argue for a theory of the phenomenal qualities, "brain theory", which claims that all phenomenal qualities we experience are physical properties instantiated in the brain, regardless of whether they are experienced in veridical perceptions or in hallucinations. I begin by more carefully identifying the phenomenal qualities, discussing how they are related to "qualia" and "phenomenal character". Then I present brain theory, and investigate its implications for the perceptual relations we stand in to external objects, noting that it is mostly neutral. I also compare brain theory to a similar theory of perception advocated by Bertrand Russell. Next, I provide an overview over the competing theories of phenomenal qualities, and relate them to theories of perception, such as representationalism, qualia theory, sense data theory and disjunctivism. The majority of my argumentation for brain theory focuses on arguing that the phenomenal qualities are instantiated in the brain, rather than on arguing that they are physical properties. Instead, I largely assume physicalism. However, even independently of the physicalism assumption, I show that we have reason to believe that phenomenal qualities are experienced in hallucinations, and that qualities experienced in hallucinations are instantiated in internal objects, such as our brains or sense data. In the first step towards this conclusion I argue that theories which deny that phenomenal qualities are experienced in hallucinations face serious problems. In the next step I argue that theories which deny that phenomenal qualities experienced in hallucinations are instantiated in internal objects face serious problems. Finally, an important part of the argumentation is my replies to objections against brain theory, including common sense objections and the "observation objection". From these conclusions, together with the physicalism assumption, I infer that we have reason to believe that brain theory is true about hallucinations. On this basis, I then argue, through a generalizing argument, that the same is the case for veridical perceptions.

This thesis considers the problem of designing gain scheduled flight control system (FCS) for large transport aircraft that satisfy handling qualities criteria. The goal is to design a set of local Linear Time Invariant (LTI) controllers to cover the wide non- linear aircraft operation flight envelope from the viewpoint of the handling qualities assessment. The global gain scheduler is then designed that interpolates between the gains of the local controllers in order to transfer smoothly between different equilibrium points, and more importantly to satisfy the handling qualities over the entire flight envelope. The mathematical model of the Boeing 747-100/200 aircraft is selected for the purpose of the flight controller design and handling qualities as- sessment. In order to achieve an attitude hold characteristic, and also improve the dynamic tracking behavior of the aircraft, longitudinal pitch Rate Command-Attitude Hold (RCAH) controllers are designed as the local flight controllers at the specific equilib- rium points in the flight envelope by means of a state space pole placement design procedure. The handling qualities assessment of the aircraft is presented, based on which the scheduler is designed. A number of existing criteria are employed to assess the han- dling qualities of the aircraft, including the Control Anticipation Parameter (CAP), Neal and Smith, and C∗ criteria. The gain scheduled flight controller is found to have satisfactory handling qualities. The global gain scheduler is designed by interpolating the gains of the local flight controllers in order to transfer smoothly between different equilibrium points, and more importantly to satisfy the handling qualities over the flight envelope. The main contribution of this research is the combination of the gain scheduling technique based on the local controller design approach and handling qualities as- sessment. The controllers are designed based at a number of operating points and the interpolation between them (scheduling) takes place through the scheduling scheme functions. The aircraft augmented with gain-scheduled controller performs satisfactorily and meets the requirement of handling qualities. Moreover, the per- formance using the gain-scheduled controller is considerably improved compared to the performance using the fixed one.

The study of the motion of manoeuvring aircraft has traditionally considered the aircraft to be rigid. This simplifying assumption has been shown to give quite accurate results for the flight dynamics of many aircraft types. As modern transport aircraft have developed however, there has been a marked increase in the size and weight of these aircraft. This trend is likely to continue with the development of future blended-wing-body and supersonic transport aircraft. This increase in size and weight has brought about a unique set of aeroelastic and handling quality issues. The aerodynamic forces and moments acting on an aeroplane have traditionally been represented using the aerodynamic derivative approach. It has been shown that this quasisteady aerodynamic model inadequately predicts the aircraft’s stability characteristics, and that the inclusion of unsteady aerodynamics “greatly improves the fidelity” of aircraft models. This thesis thus presents a novel numerical simulation of an aeroelastic aeroplane for real-time analysis. The model is built around the standard six degree-of-freedom equations of motion for a rigid aeroplane using the mean-axes system, and includes unsteady aerodynamics and structural dynamics. This is suitable for pilot-in-the-loop simulation, handling qualities and flight loads analysis, and control law development. The dynamics of the structure are modelled as a set of normal modes, and the equations of motion are realised in state-space form. The unsteady aerodynamic forces acting on the aeroplane are described by an indicial state-space model, including unsteady tailplane downwash and compressibility effects. An implementation of the model is presented in the MATLAB/ Simulink environment. The interaction between the flight control system, the aeroelastic system and the rigidbody motion of the aeroplane can result in degraded handling qualities, excessive actuator control, and fatigue problems. The introduction of load alleviation systems for the management of loads due to manoeuvres and gusts is also likely to result in the handling qualities of the aeroplane being degraded. This thesis presents a number of studies into the impact of structural dynamics, unsteady aerodynamics, and load alleviation on the handling qualities of a flexible civil transport aeroplane. The handling qualities of the aeroplane are assessed against a number of different handling qualities criteria and flying specifications, including the Neal-Smith, Bandwidth, and CAP criterion. It is shown that aeroelastic effects alter the longitudinal and lateral-directional characteristics of the aeroplane, resulting in degraded handling qualities. Manoeuvre and gust load alleviation are similarly found to degrade handling qualities, while active mode control is shown to offer the possibility of improved handling qualities.

I have in my thesis performed a survey that builds on interviews of five former students at Mediepedagogiskt Center (Mpc) that is located at Sundsta-Älvkullegymnasiet in Karlstad which is incorporated into Karlstads-Hammarö comprehensive upper secondary school. The sample group of students all has various withdrawal years between 1997 - 2004. The aim of the survey is to evaluate any direct qualities that these students have had that helped them to get a occupation within the media industry after the completion of their education at Mpc.   This survey also tries to evaluate whether the orientation of their particular style of education is a factor for achieving employment. Before 1998 the course was divided into three A and B-level courses within the directions, photography, graphic design, text communication, sound production and film/television. After 1998 these are now divided into one A, B and C level courses, and one another level courses on A and B-level.   The result shows that something more than” just” a good schooling with high grades is needed to succeed into getting a occupation within the media sector. The survey also suggests that this extra quality often can be difficultly for the schools to teach to the students. The survey also suggests that a greater understanding of these processes might help the schools to convey these internal qualities to the students.   The way you express yourself, your work ethics, social competence, creativity, actual know-how, hunger for knowledge, the will to develop new skills and having a genuine interest are all factors that are often more valued than a good grade or which school one went to.

Syfte: Öka kunskapen om vilka bostadskvalitéer som tillför värde för brukarna i ett flerbostadshus. Metod: Etnografisk ansats, dokumentanalys, kvalitativ innehållsanalys, intervjuer med brukare och inredningsarkitekt samt observationer är metoderna som har använts i studien. Resultat: Målet med studien har varit att analysera öppna planlösningars utformning i ett flerbostadshus, baserat på perspektiv och åsikter från både arkitekt och brukare. Värdeskapande kvalitéer som brukarna ser med öppen planlösning är öppenhet och ljus. Den öppna planlösningen är en stor social yta vilket både brukare och arkitekt tycker är en viktig kvalité. Idag har köket utvecklats till en trend och statusmarkör vilket återspeglas i dess design och utformning. Konsekvenser: De studerade planlösningarna är flexibla eftersom brukarna själva kan bestämma funktion för rummen. Kök och vardagsrum möbleras och får olika funktioner beroende på brukarnas preferenser och åsikter. Vidare ska lägenheter med öppen planlösning vara socialt hållbara genom att kök och vardagsrum ska kunna skiljas av. I studien är de stora lägenheterna socialt hållbara medan de mindre saknar möjlighet för avskiljning och flexibilitet. Begränsningar: Studien går inte applicera på andra brukare för att få fram samma resultat. Studien lyfter brukarnas åsikter om sin bostad och det finns inte ett generellt giltigt svar i deras värderingar. Flerbostadshus med hyresrätter valdes för att i större mån nå brukare i olika åldrar och med olika bakgrund. / Purpose: To increase the knowledge about valuable housing qualities for residents in a housing estate. Method: An ethnographical approach was used as a method in the study along with document analysis, qualitative content analysis, interviews with residents and an interior designer along with observations. Findings: The aim of the study has been to analyse open plan solutions in a housing estate based on opinions and perspectives from residents and an interior designer. The open plan solution works as one big social area where qualities such as space and brightness are highly appreciated by both residents and the interior designer. The kitchen has through its design become a trend and a status marker. Implications: The analysed plan solutions are flexible because the residents have the opportunity to decide what function the room should have. The kitchen and living room can be furnished in different ways and through those fulfil different types of functions according to the residents’ preferences. Apartments that have open plan solutions need to be socially sustainable which can be achieved if the kitchen and living room can be divided into separate rooms. The big apartments in this study are socially sustainable but the smaller apartments are not because of the lack of flexibility. Limitations: This study cannot be applied on other residents in order to come to the same conclusion. The study focuses on the residents opinions about their home and therefore there is no generally valid answer. The reason for choosing housing estates for this study was to be able to reach residents with different backgrounds and ages.

The problem of the youth’s sexual behaviour is one of the most serious problems. The following juvenile problems have lately become especially urgent: early sexual relationships, pregnancy, abortion, diseases that are spread through sexual intercourse. Thus it is not surprising that the problem of juvenile sexual behaviour receives so much attention in pedagogy. In most cases love is understood as physical satisfaction. It is compared to sex. The true secret of sexual life is not realized properly. The problems of irresponsible sexual behaviour cause a number of other problems that have a negative impact on the future of adolescents. On the basis of the research results it is possible to draw the conclusion that the problem of early sexual experience in Lithuania is becoming more and more urgent. The number of teenagers who have had early sexual experience is increasing. It has been noticed that over a half of pupils who took part in the survey have had sexual relationships. According to the research data, the majority of sexually active adolescents acquired their first sexual experience at the age of 16-17. Most male adolescents have begun their sexual life at the age of 16 and the majority of female adolescents – at the age of 17. Thus, the hypothesis of the research that male adolescents start their sexual life earlier than female ones has been confirmed.

Topicality of the problem. The history of Lithuanian cities, urban deve-lopment and the values of the inhabitants are closely linked with the West Eu-ropean culture. In the recent socialist past of Lithuania, these links had weakened, while the centralized planning of that period left its footprints not only in the urban structures, but in social consciousness as well. The legacy of the soviet times shows itself even now, though a new law changing the situa-tion in territorial (spatial) planning was adopted in 1995 and the integration to EU urban policy started in 2004. They are responsible for the delay of the imp-lementation of a generally accepted idea of sustainable development. In the Declaration adopted in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, the main principles of sustainable development and integration of the social, economical, environ-mental issues were outlined and the 21-st century program of activities aimed at achieving sustainable development was presented. In Europe, this aim was con-firmed by the Aalborg Charter. Researchers have demonstrated its advantages by evaluating the results obtained. For this purpose, sets of indicators and citi-zens pools of sustainable development and quality of life were created. Democracy, the market economy and global trends are changing the spa-tial patterns and socio - cultural values of citizens of Lithuania. Nevertheless, how much those urban changes are in line with sustainable development princi-ples, have not been paid much... [to full text] / Tiriamoji problema. Lietuvos miestų istorija, urbanistikos raida ir gyven-tojų puoselėjamos vertybės glaudžiai susijusios su Vakarų Europos kultūra. Netolimos praeities socialistinėje santvarkoje šie Lietuvos ryšiai susilpnėjo, o to meto centralizuoto planavimo pėdsakų palikta ne tik miestų urbanistinėse struktūrose, bet ir visuomenės sąmonėje. Nors 1995 m. buvo priimtas pakeitęs padėtį naujas teritorijų planavimo įstatymas, o nuo 2004 m. Lietuva yra visa-vertė ES narė, sovietmečio palikimas jaučiamas iki dabar ir riboja visuotinai pripažintos darniosios plėtros įgyvendinimo procesus. Rio de Žaneiro deklaracijoje, priimtoje 1992 m., buvo įvardyti pagrindiniai darnaus vystymosi principai, XXI amžiaus darbotvarkėje pateikta darnaus vys-tymosi veiksmų programa, apimanti socialinių, ekonominių ir aplinkosauginių uždavinių integraciją. Europa šį siekį pripažino Aalborgo chartijos dokumente. Darniosios plėtros idėja susilaukia pritarimo, mokslininkai jos privalumus įrodo vertindami jos rezultatus. Tam skirtos darniosios plėtros, gyvenimo kokybės indikatorių sistemos, gyventojų nuomonių apklausos. Demokratija, laisvoji rinka ir globalizacijos tendencijos keičia Lietuvos miestų erdvinį modelį ir gyventojų sociokultūrines vertybes. Tačiau kol kas šie aspektai darniosios plėtros problematikoje nagrinėjami mažai. Valstybės lyg-menyje kompleksiniai miestų darniosios plėtros klausimai, priskirti skirtingoms ministerijoms, prarado savitą problematiką ir integruotą, strateginį valdymą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Tiriamoji problema. Lietuvos miestų istorija, urbanistikos raida ir gyven-tojų puoselėjamos vertybės glaudžiai susijusios su Vakarų Europos kultūra. Netolimos praeities socialistinėje santvarkoje šie Lietuvos ryšiai susilpnėjo, o to meto centralizuoto planavimo p��dsakų palikta ne tik miestų urbanistinėse struktūrose, bet ir visuomenės sąmonėje. Nors 1995 m. buvo priimtas pakeitęs padėtį naujas teritorijų planavimo įstatymas, o nuo 2004 m. Lietuva yra visa-vertė ES narė, sovietmečio palikimas jaučiamas iki dabar ir riboja visuotinai pripažintos darniosios plėtros įgyvendinimo procesus. Rio de Žaneiro deklaracijoje, priimtoje 1992 m., buvo įvardyti pagrindiniai darnaus vystymosi principai, XXI amžiaus darbotvarkėje pateikta darnaus vys-tymosi veiksmų programa, apimanti socialinių, ekonominių ir aplinkosauginių uždavinių integraciją. Europa šį siekį pripažino Aalborgo chartijos dokumente. Darniosios plėtros idėja susilaukia pritarimo, mokslininkai jos privalumus įrodo vertindami jos rezultatus. Tam skirtos darniosios plėtros, gyvenimo kokybės indikatorių sistemos, gyventojų nuomonių apklausos. Demokratija, laisvoji rinka ir globalizacijos tendencijos keičia Lietuvos miestų erdvinį modelį ir gyventojų sociokultūrines vertybes. Tačiau kol kas šie aspektai darniosios plėtros problematikoje nagrinėjami mažai. Valstybės lyg-menyje kompleksiniai miestų darniosios plėtros klausimai, priskirti skirtingoms ministerijoms, prarado savitą problematiką ir integruotą, strateginį valdymą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Topicality of the problem. The history of Lithuanian cities, urban deve-lopment and the values of the inhabitants are closely linked with the West Eu-ropean culture. In the recent socialist past of Lithuania, these links had weakened, while the centralized planning of that period left its footprints not only in the urban structures, but in social consciousness as well. The legacy of the soviet times shows itself even now, though a new law changing the situa-tion in territorial (spatial) planning was adopted in 1995 and the integration to EU urban policy started in 2004. They are responsible for the delay of the imp-lementation of a generally accepted idea of sustainable development. In the Declaration adopted in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, the main principles of sustainable development and integration of the social, economical, environ-mental issues were outlined and the 21-st century program of activities aimed at achieving sustainable development was presented. In Europe, this aim was con-firmed by the Aalborg Charter. Researchers have demonstrated its advantages by evaluating the results obtained. For this purpose, sets of indicators and citi-zens pools of sustainable development and quality of life were created. Democracy, the market economy and global trends are changing the spa-tial patterns and socio - cultural values of citizens of Lithuania. Nevertheless, how much those urban changes are in line with sustainable development princi-ples, have not been paid much... [to full text]