La perception de la viande bovine par le consommateur est un enjeu crucial pour l’industrie de la viande. La tendreté reste l’une des qualités organoleptiques essentielle aux yeux du consommateur, avec la jutosité et la flaveur. L’objectif de ma thèse a été d’étudier les propriétés structurales et biochimiques du tissu conjonctif intramusculaire responsables de la dureté de base et de faire le lien avec la tendreté et plus largement avec les qualités organoleptiques de la viande. Le développement et la mise au point d’une méthode d’analyse d’images a permis d’étudier objectivement les caractéristiques des composantes périmysiale et endomysiale du tissu conjonctif intramusculaire et de montrer que la surface occupée par ces deux structures influençait la tendreté de la viande. Préalablement à l’étude biochimique et moléculaire du tissu conjonctif intramusculaire le dosage des protéoglycanes totaux a été développé et mis en place au laboratoire. Les résultats de cette deuxième partie ont permis de mettre en avant la complémentarité entre protéoglycanes, collagène total et liaisons de réticulation au sein du muscle et leur rôle sur la jutosité. Par ailleurs, nous avons pu mettre en évidence le rôle positif des protéoglycanes de haut poids moléculaire sur la jutosité, alors que les protéoglycanes de faible poids moléculaire, telle que la décorine,joueraient plutôt un rôle sur la dureté de la viande. L’ensemble des résultats obtenus confirme nos hypothèses, à savoir que la composante structurale ainsi que les molécules minoritairement présentes dans le tissu conjonctif peuvent influencer les qualités organoleptiques de la viande bovine. / The perception of beef by consumers is a crucial issue for the meat industry. Tenderness remains one of the sensory qualities essential to the consumer, with the juiciness and flavour. The aim of my thesis was to study the structural and biochemical properties of intramuscular connective tissue responsible for the background toughness and study relationships with tenderness and more widely with the sensory qualities of beef. The development of a method of image analysis was used to study objectively the characteristics of the perimysial and endomysial component of the intramuscular connective tissue. The results showed that the area occupied by these two structures influenced the beef tenderness. An assay for total proteoglycan measurement has been developed previously to the study of biochemical and molecular characteristics intramuscular connective tissue. The results obtained in this second part have highlighted the complementarities between proteoglycans, total collagen and cross-links within the muscle and their role on the juiciness. Furthermore, we were able to highlight the positive role of high molecular weight proteoglycans on juiciness, while low molecular weight proteoglycans, such as decorin, rather played a role in beef toughness. The overall results confirm our hypothesis that the structural components of the connective tissue and the small quantity of extracellular matrix molecules could influence the sensory qualities of beef.

Few studies have focused on how learning takes place in physical education and health (PEH) practices, and even more so in relation to artifact use. Dance is a core content in the Swedish curriculum, but according to previous research it nevertheless rarely occurs in practice due to many teachers’ lack of knowledge. Movement qualities are something that students are supposed to develop in the subject, where dance can be used as a form of activity. The aim of the licentiate thesis is to examine students’ use and development of different movement qualities in a learning process where dance exergames are used as teaching aids in the PEH practice in upper secondary school. The research questions in the study are: (1) what kind of movement qualities do students use when they interact with each other and with dance exergames, and (2) how does the learning of movement qualities occur when dance exergames are used as teaching aids? A series of seven PEH-lessons were designed. Four of the lesson had a spe-cific purpose, such as working with rhythm and coordination where the exergames Nintendo Wii Just Dance 3 and 4 were used as teaching aids. In two other lessons the students worked in groups to create their own dances, and as a final goal, at lesson seven, the groups presented their dances. All the lessons were video recorded. A framework inspired by Laban’s movement analysis was used to analyze the students’ movement qualities, based on four aspects: body, space, effort and relationship. To be able to analyze the students, the dance exergames and the context as a whole, the study involved a socio-cultural ap-proach to learning. Learning situations in the ongoing practice were also ana-lyzed, where learning was investigated as something that occurs through inter-actions between students and between students and artifacts. The results show a way to describe students’ movement qualities, which con-tribute to PEH-teachers language of knowledge in movement. The results also demonstrate that learning occurred through imitation, repetition, communica-tion, negotiation, practice, modeling, instruction and using metaphors. A con-clusion is that students’ use and development of movement qualities do not depend on the use of the dance exergames per se, instead it depends on how the dance exergames are used in PEH practice. / Forskningslinjen Utbildning

Denna studie syftar till att ta reda på vilken typ av ledarskapsstil avgångsstudenter från det fyraåriga sjökaptensprogrammet i Kalmar anser att ett bra fartygsbefäl bör besitta, och undersöka hur det överensstämmer med vad för typ av ledarskapsstilar ett rederier söker hos sina befäl. Metoden som användes för denna studie var kvalitativa intervjuer. Resultatet visar att majoriteten av sjöbefälsstudenterna är eniga om att ett bra fartygsbefäl skall ha ett öppet ledarskap där man behandlar sina medarbetare jämlikt och kan ta emot kritik. Det är samtidigt viktigt att kunna sätta ner foten och visa vem som har befälet vid beslutsfattande. Rederierna beskriver att det ledarskap dom söker hos sina befäl skall vara ett tydligt men anpassningsbart ledarskap, med olika typer av ledarskap vid olika tillfällen. / This study aims to find out which style of leadership graduating students from the four- year Nautical Science Programme in Kalmar believe that a good ship officer should possess, and examine how it corresponds to the style of leadership a shipping company seeks from its officers. When the interviews were completed, the interview results were analyzed and compared with the theories of leadership. The results showed that the majority of the students agree to that a good ship officer should have an open leadership where you treat your employees equally and can receive criticism. Simultaneously, it is important to be able to show who is in charge of decision-making. The shipping companies describe that the leadership they seek from their officers must be a distinctly but adaptable leadership, with different types of leadership at different times.

Some would say today’s villas lacks interesting architecture. Little variation and frankly, uninteresting. In this thesis, investigations will be made towards figuring out if this is what the Swedish people want, or if given the possibility, they would pick something different from what is available and also, which qualities they look for in their home. This is what this thesis will look into. In order to answer this question, information needed to be obtained, information which was attained through a survey that was sent out to the Swedish people. And interviews that was sent to architects and house brokers in different parts of Sweden. The response rate was 221 answers from the people, 8 answers from the brokers and 9 answers from the architects. With these answers the result was divided into 5 groups to see if there was a difference according to the participants age. The result showed that the swedes think much alike when it comes to location of their house, but when it comes to their own home, the answers are much diverse even though some specifications are more appreciated than others. / Vissa skulle säga att dagens villor saknar intressant arkitektur. Det är lite variation och uppriktigt sagt är de tråkiga. I denna avhandling kommer undersökningar att göras för att ta reda på om detta är vad människor vill ha eller om de hade valt något helt annat än vad som finns tillgängligt om möjligheten gavs, samt vilka kvalitéer de letar efter i sitt hem.  Detta är vad denna avhandling kommer att undersöka. För att svara på denna fråga behövde information inhämtas, information som erhölls genom en undersökning som skickades ut till det svenska folket, Och intervjuer som skickades till arkitekter och husmäklare i olika delar av Sverige. Svarsfrekvensen var 221 svar från folket, 8 svar från mäklarna och 9 svar från arkitekterna. Med dessa svar delades resultatet upp i 5 grupper för att se om det fanns en skillnad beroende på deltagarnas ålder. Resultatet visade att svenskarna tänker mycket lika när det gäller placeringen av deras hus, men när det gäller deras eget hem är svaren mycket olika även om vissa specifikationer är mer uppskattade än andra.

Adolescence is an important developmental period where friendships become important for social emotional adjustment. Given the importance of friendships in adolescence, the current study explored the relation between popularity and internalizing problems and whether friendship qualities mediated this relation. The present study aimed to answer the following research question: What is the mediating role of friendship qualities in the relationship between perceived popularity and internalizing symptoms? Data from the National Institute of Child Health and Development – Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development were analyzed. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results indicate that adolescents who rated themselves as being high in popularity also reported higher levels of positive friendship qualities. A significant relationship was also found among perceived popularity and internalizing problems such that adolescents who rated themselves as being high in popularity were also reported by their mothers as having lower levels of internalizing problems. Contrary to what was expected, validation and caring significantly mediated the relationship between popularity and anxiety/depression and social problems such that as popularity goes up, so does anxiety/depression, and social problems. Results found conflict and betrayal mediates the relation between popularity and thought problems suggesting adolescents that believe they are popular experience less conflict and betrayal and fewer thought problems. Additionally, conflict resolution, companionship, and recreation each mediated the relationship between popularity and social problems. This suggests that having a friend you can rely on for companionship, recreation and conflict resolution serves as a buffer from the negative consequences of social problems. Help and guidance as a mediator resulted in a positive relation between popularity and social problems which was unexpected. Results support claims that popularity relates to having high quality friendships that protect against internalizing problems. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding outcomes for adolescent adjustment in relation to forming and maintaining positive relationships with peers.

While the US-presidency comprises the most powerful office of leadership in the world and has also been investigated at various angles in personal, biographical approaches as well as comparative studies, this research paper specifically lays focus and compares the two presidencies of President Bush and President Obama in regard of their leadership qualities and counter-terrorism strategies. Because counterterrorism seems to be a good example of how presidents perform crises-management and because the subject by itself is critical in the perspective of human rights and security concerns, the research paper has chosen to focus on President Bush and President Obama who are known to have chosen different routes and strategies in countering terrorism. However, when comparing the two presidents’ leadership qualities regarding their counter-terrorism strategies, this paper concludes that on this matter the strategies of the two presidents were not quite so different as expected and a possible path of continuity runs through this realm of US-foreign affairs and presidents’ leadership decisions.

Den ökande jämställdheten i samhället har medfört förändringar i ledande positioner. Detta har skapat en osäkerhet inför ett främmande ledarskap där manligt ledarskap tidigare varit norm. Frågan har därför väckts om vilka skillnader som finns mellan manliga och kvinnliga ledare samt hur dessa grupper ställs mot varandra. Forskningen har inte nått koncensus i frågan huruvida det finns skillnader mellan män och kvinnor som ledare. Detta har skapat en möjlighet att bidra till ämnet vilket underbyggs av samtida forskare som förklarar att det behövs ytterligare forskning inom området kön och ledarskap för att utveckla förståelsen.  Kärnan i ledarskap i organisationer ur ett företagsekonomiskt perspektiv är att skapa förutsättningar för att gemensamt uppnå mål. Syftet med studien är att förstå hur ledarskap hos män och kvinnor tar sig uttryck förklarat med hjälp av olika ledarstilars egenskaper för att uppnå ett framgångsrikt resultat. Tidigare forskning om ledarskap hos män och kvinnor i kombination med teoretiska modeller om ledarstilar har använts för att uppnå syftet. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med ledare inom ett privat vinstdrivande detaljhandelsföretag samlades empiri in för att svara på de forskningsfrågor som formulerats utifrån syftet. Data från intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys och kodades utifrån forskningsfrågorna. Utöver teman förankrade i forskningsfrågorna framkom även andra teman som relaterats till företagsekonomi och med hjälp av grundad teori kodades innehållet. Resultatet visade bland annat att informanternas ledarskap tog sig uttryck genom ledarstilarna demokratiskt, tranformativt, karismatiskt och situationsanpassat ledarskap. Utöver dessa analyserades informanternas svar i relation till ett flertal andra ledarstilars egenskaper, men en reflektion var att verksamhetens sätt att organisera sig skulle kunna påverka vilka ledaregenskaper som kommer till uttryck. Till skillnad från delar av den tidigare forskning som använts till underlag för studien påvisade resultatet inte några skillnader mellan manliga och kvinnliga informanter i deras ledaregenskaper. Utifrån de undersökta ledarstilarna går det att dra slutsatser om vilka egenskaper som kan anses fördelaktiga för ett framgångsrikt ledarskap. Slutsatsen av undersökningen visade att egenskaperna: Involverande, relationsorienterad, utmanande och att vara flexibel i sitt ledarskap är mest fördelaktiga för att uppnå ett framgångsrikt resultat. / The increasing gender equality in society has led to changes in leadership. This has created uncertainty regarding unfamiliar leadership where male leadership previously has been the norm. The question has therefore been raised about the differences between male and female leaders as well as how these groups are set against each other. Research has not yet reached consensus on the question of whether there are differences between men and women as leaders. This has created an opportunity to contribute to the subject, which is supported by contemporary researchers who explain that further research in the field of gender and leadership is needed to develop understanding. The essence of leadership in organizations from a business economics perspective is to create the conditions for cooperatively achieving goals. The purpose of the study is to understand how leadership of men and women is expressed using the characteristics of different leadership styles to achieve successful results. Previous research on leadership of men and women in combination with theoretical models of leadership styles has been used to achieve the purpose. Through qualitative interviews with leaders within a private for-profit retail company, empirical data was collected to answer the research questions formulated based on the purpose. The data from the interviews were analyzed with the help of a qualitative content analysis and coded based on the research questions. In addition to themes rooted in the research questions, there were also other themes related to business administration and with the help of grounded theory theses where also coded. The results showed, among other things, that the informants' leadership was expressed through the leadership styles democratic, transformative, charismatic, and situational leadership model. In addition to these, the informants' answers were analyzed in relation to several other leadership style characteristics, but a reflection was that the business's way of organizing itself could affect which leadership qualities are expressed. Unlike parts of the previous research used as a basis for the study, the results did not show any differences between male and female informants in their leadership characteristics. The conclusion of the study showed that the qualities: Engaging, relationship-oriented, challenging and being flexible in their leadership are most favorable to achieve successful results.

Presently, there is a national focus on the industry-benefitting skills developed through undergraduate education. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of an experiential learning course on building three ability-based transferable skills: communication, emotional intelligence, and professional qualities. These skills have been determined to be important components to the skill set of graduates intending to enter any career, including one within the hospitality industry. Results from an examination of three related instruments led to conclusions that an experiential learning course positively impacts self-perceived skill development among the three aforementioned skills as well as perception of overall performance. In addition, it was determined that experiential learning courses benefitted interns irrespective of self-reported learning style preference and that such courses may aid in narrowing the perceived gap between intern and employer perceptions of intern skill levels and thereby prepare graduates with increasing success for societal productivity

Диссертационное исследование посвящено выявлению эффективности физкультурно-спортивной ориентации детей младшего школьного возраста. В ходе исследования физкультурно-спортивной ориентации выявлена необходимость оценки не только физических качеств, но и функционального состояния юных спортсменов. / The dissertation research is devoted to identifying the effectiveness of the program to ensure an increase in the effectiveness of physical culture and sports orientation in children of primary school age. In the course of the study of physical culture and sports orientation, the need to assess not only physical qualities, but also the functional state of young athletes was revealed.

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