This thesis explores how coloniality of heritage, denial of racialization and forced passing impact Black women in Sweden. In response, it investigates practices of self-care adopted to buffer and cope with racism-related stress. Often, we connect self-care to spa-days, luxurious masks, and spoiling oneself as capitalism has translated self-care into one if its buzzword for people to consume. It is characterized by the privatization of wellbeing rather than a collective endeavor, which feeds into a capitalist agenda (Michaeli, 2017). Queering self-care and adopting self-care as self-preservation in the words of Audre Lorde (2017), provides a holistic embodiment of Black feminist thought, especially for us facing intersecting oppressions. Healing circles as a method for this research provides a safe-space where experiences can be shared over the commonality of being Black women in Sweden. Moreover, separatist settings are found to hold therapeutic value as they limit the risks of being alienated when talking about a common identity. In extension, the healing circles of this research explore how representation in media and art provide possibilities of being included in a global community as a response to not having access to physical affinity groups. Concludingly, I suggest how healing circles can and should be integrated in gender and feminist studies as an intersectional methodology that further develops the possibilities of not speaking for the Other.

Denna uppsats har som avsikt att belysa och problematisera hur rasifierade maktstrukturer konstrueras i representationen av olika etniska grupper i svensk populärkultur. I uppsatsen analyseras den första säsongen av tv-serien Snabba Cash producerad av Netflix Sverige år 2021, med hjälp av en narrativ analys. Rasifiering av grupper har uttryckts i populärkulturen i och med att svarta och bruna respektive vita representeras med rasifierade skillnader, detta har bidragit till att grupperna värderas olika och placeras utifrån en makthierarki. Konstruktionen av skillnaderna är även grundade i stereotyper vilket ger en ensidig bild av de som rasifieras svarta och bruna. Genom åtta utvalda scener undersökte vi därför narrativet i Snabba Cash utifrån hur karaktärer som rasifieras svarta/bruna respektive vita har framställts, men även hur de framställs i jämförelse med varandra enligt teori om rasifiering, representationsteori, stereotyper och populärkultur.   I vår analys har vi kommit fram till två teman i hur karaktärerna har framställts i tv-serien. Det ena menar att karaktärerna har framställts med skillnader gentemot varandra grundat i hur de har rasifierats. I det här temat påvisar vi att de svarta/bruna karaktärerna porträtterades med ofördelaktiga egenskaper medan de vita karaktärerna i motsats har uppfattats med fördelaktiga egenskaper. I och med detta har de svarta/bruna karaktärernas agerande uppfattats som ett icke-önskvärt beteende enligt ett ideal medan de vita karaktärernas agerande i stället har uppfattats som önskvärt i linje med en samhällsnorm. Detta antagande är i enlighet med postkolonialismens perspektiv på hur grupperna rasifieras. Utöver detta fann vi även att de rasifierade skillnaderna förstärker och påverkar andra maktordningar hos karaktärerna vilket har påverkat hur de framställs i tv-serien. De svarta/bruna karaktärerna porträtteras med sämre socioekonomiska faktorer och mindre makt än de vita karaktärerna. Det andra temat tar upp att de svarta/bruna karaktärerna är framställda utifrån etablerade stereotyper om gruppen vilket innebär att karaktärerna går i linje med en förutfattad bild om hur gruppen förväntas agera. Däremot utmanar tv-serien stereotypen om brottsbenägenhet vilket gör att Snabba Cash går emot det välkända mönstret, och i detta fall bidrar till att ge gruppen en mer nyanserad bild. Utifrån vår analys drar vi slutsatsen att Netflixs tv-serie Snabba Cash från år 2021 har konstruerat rasifierade skillnader mellan svarta/bruna och vita karaktärer vilket har bidragit till att upprätthålla och reproducera kunskap om hur olika etniska grupper kontrasteras emot varandra utifrån ett maktförhållande. / This essay intends to highlight and problematize how racialized power structures are constructed in the representation of different ethnic groups in Swedish popular culture. We analyze the first season of the television series Snabba Cash produced 2021 by Netflix Sweden using a narrative analysis. Racialization of groups has been expressed in popular culture where black and brown people have been compared to white people and represented with racialized differences, this has contributed to an unequal treatment of the groups which is based off a power hierarchy. The construction of the differences is also based on stereotypes, which gives a one-sided picture of those who are racialized black and brown. Through eight selected scenes, we therefore examine the narrative in Snabba Cash based on how characters who are racialized black/brown and white have been portrayed, but also how they are portrayed in comparison to each other according to theories of racialization, representation theory, stereotypes, and popular culture.    In our analysis, we have seen two themes in how the characters have been portrayed in the television series. One of the themes says that the characters have been represented with differences from each other based on how they have been racialized. Here, we demonstrate that the black/brown characters were portrayed with unfavorable characteristics while the white characters, in contrast, have been perceived with favorable characteristics. The actions of the black/brown characters have been perceived as an undesirable behavior according to an ideal, while the actions of the white characters have been perceived as desirable in line with a societal norm. This assumption is also in accordance with the post-colonial perspective on racialization. In addition to this, we also found that the racialized differences reinforce and affect other power structures for the characters, which affected their portrayal in the television series. The black/brown characters are portrayed with lower socio-economic factors and less power than the white characters. The second theme addresses that the black/brown characters are based on established stereotypes about the group, which means that the characters are in line with a preconceived image of how they are expected to behave. On the other hand, the tv-series challenges the stereotype of criminality, which means that Snabba Cash is going against the well-known pattern, and in this case contributing to giving the group a more nuanced image. Based on our analysis, we conclude that Netflix's television series Snabba Cash from the year 2021 have been constructing racialized differences between black/ brown characters and white characters, which has contributed to maintaining and reproducing knowledge about how different ethnic groups are contrasted against each other based on a power relationship.

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In this interview study involving the analysis of narratives collected from Japanese American professionals teaching English to speakers of other languages (TESOL) who have lived more than ten years in Japan, I focus on how the participants negotiated their often contested identities in the TESOL context in Japan. I use the notion of identity negotiation narrowly defined as "struggles which occur when certain identity options are imposed or devalued, and others are unavailable or misunderstood" (Pavlenko & Blackledge, 2004, p. 20). Most Japanese Americans share similar phenotypes with the majority of Japanese nationals, creating many misconceptions about our linguistic competence in Japanese and English and ability to act appropriately within Japanese cultural norms. Educational settings are also an arena contributing to a simplistic Japanese/non-Japanese, native speaker/non-native speaker (NS/NNS) framework within which such encounters are defined. I intend to illuminate the underlying assumptions responsible for the misconceptions that continue to challenge their authenticity. This is in line with inquiry into the role of race in TESOL (Curtis & Romney, 2006; Kubota & Lin, 2006). The six participants were two men and four women, including myself. I conducted multiple interviews individually and in groups over a period of four years. I transcribed the narrative data into numbered lines and reworked selected parts into stanza form (Gee, 2005) or used block quotes to analyze the identity negotiation processes. For the autoethnography, I used intensive reflective writings done throughout the course of this project in addition to interview data in which I am the interviewer who also shares stories. Through multi-layered analyses (Sorsoli, 2007), I hope to illuminate what the individuals' narratives reflect about the contested nature of values held about language, ethnicity, race, and identity in the context of English teaching, learning, and use in Japan today. I suggest that the findings and conclusions from this study can be applied to other contexts in the world as well. It is therefore important for the TESOL professional to become an actively critical observer of how her work is affecting all the stakeholders, including her own self. / Applied Linguistics

In this thesis, I analyze the Minions from Universal Pictures' Despicable Me franchise (2010-2020), Olaf from Disney's Frozen franchise (2013-2019), and Ducky and Bunny from Pixar's Toy Story 4 (2019). Although these characters are not intended to represent human beings but are fictional nonhuman species, examining them through the lens of racialization defamiliarizes them and reveals how children's media not only perpetuates specific caricatures of people of color but subtly naturalizes what race is as an assemblage of visual, verbal, performative, and affective components. While scholars studying racial representations in children's animated films often focus on how animated characters speak in non-white dialects, engage in stereotypes, and reproduce visual aspects of race, this interpretive framework does not address the ways in which race goes beyond the surface, nor does it address complex interactions between race, gender, and sexuality. Rather than asserting that nonhuman animated characters are certain races, my term "submerged racialization" suggests that animated characters are not direct representations of "real" non-white bodies but are aggregates of what it is to be racialized in historically specific ways that are co-constitutive with gender and sexuality. These features dwell beneath the surface like a skeleton, overdetermining how the characters perform without necessarily influencing their outward appearance in easily recognizable ways. In the first chapter, I analyze how the Minions enact a multi-layered submerged racialization as Black, Asian American, and indigenous beings. The second chapter discusses how Olaf's racialization shifts across different objects in the Frozen franchise, addressing his relationship to Blackness and Hawaiianness in the first film, the featurette, "pull apart" plush toys, and Hula Olaf figures. Finally, in my third chapter, I show how Ducky and Bunny fulfil roles as Black comedic sidekicks and demonstrate how Black men have been constructed as aggressive, hypersexual threats. By uncovering the submerged racialization underlying today's most popular children's franchises, I stress that race is reproduced and reinvented in the seemingly innocent intimate spaces around us. / Master of Arts / What race are the Minions? While this may seem a strange question, scholars of children's animated films have often described the race of nonhuman animated characters based on whether they speak in non-white dialects, engage in stereotypes, and reproduce certain visual characteristics, such as black skin. However, I argue that the Minions from Universal Pictures' Despicable Me franchise (2010-2020), Olaf from Disney's Frozen franchise (2013-2019), and Ducky and Bunny from Pixar's Toy Story 4 (2019) are "submerged racialized figures" and not direct representations of "real" non-white bodies. These characters demonstrate what it means to be racialized in historically specific ways that intersect with their gender and sexuality. Their racial features dwell beneath the surface like a skeleton, affecting their representation without necessarily influencing their outward appearance in easily recognizable ways. In the first chapter, I analyze how the Minions demonstrate a multi-layered submerged racialization throughout the franchise as Black, Asian American, and indigenous beings. The second chapter discusses how Olaf's racialization shifts across different objects in the Frozen franchise, changing his relationship to Blackness and Hawaiianness in the first film, the featurette, "pull apart" plush toys, and Hula Olaf figures. Finally, in my third chapter, I show how Ducky and Bunny fulfil roles as Black comedic sidekicks and demonstrate how Black men have been constructed as aggressive, hypersexual threats. By uncovering the submerged racialization within today's most popular children's franchises, I demonstrate how race is reproduced and reinvented in the seemingly innocent intimate spaces around us.

This project explores, identifies, and interrogates how Swedish online mass media represent the issue of 'racisms' between people with migrant background/migrant groups and the implications of these representations on their lives. The materials are analyzed using the WPR approach (Bacchi 1999) and content media analysis. The theoretical background draws from social psychological theory of intergroup relations, postcolonial theory and critical race theory in order to establish an overview of the concept of ‘racism’ and how it can be used in relation to migrant groups. Where the media representations maintained that migrants can produce 'racism', led to further stigmatization and exclusion of migrant groups. Internalizing racism by migrants can result in self-hatred and practicing migrant respectability in order to differentiate themselves from undesirable migrants as represented in the materials. This project contributes in exploring the system of hierarchies which can deepen our understanding of how tensions and conflicts work between migrant groups.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:31:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Telvira da Conceicao.pdf: 5316994 bytes, checksum: 1b2675f93f32a9d45c023cc5530409da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis attend to practices and expressions of racialization on the ambit of didactic books of History in Brazil and Mozambique, produced between 1950 and 1995, with theobjective of contribute with analyzesabout the role of that reported literature in the compellation of racists bases speeches related to africans and afro-brazilians, interpolating colonial fundaments in the escolar cultural ambit. In sights of this question comprehension, in two singular historic contexts, wee come up with the following query: which speeches presume to assign to the escolar literature of History, in Brazil and Mozambique, a distinct role on racial problematic concern?Uponwhich conceptions of History were anchored those righting practices, and in watt measurement does it represent a fundamental element, or not, in those contents arrangements? Having as main support theory, based on discussions and questions amongactualquestioningsabout coloniality knowledge and power, and the criticizes to the eurocentrism as an perspective of knowledge, the study methodological basement aforesaid as main procedures the analyses of curriculums contents and the inventoryof contextual informations, based on authorship school manuals from Brazil and Manzabique in the period of matter, time documents and authors interviews. The racializing matrix speeches and their reverberations on those didactic booksof History in Brazil andMozambique mark the coloniality vision before all attached to a monotopic episteme and to an Occidental History vision that feeds the abidance of that speech / Esta tese trata de práticas e expressões de racialização no âmbito de livros didáticos de História do Brasil e de Moçambique, produzidos no período de 1950 a 1995, com o objetivo de contribuir com análises sobre o papel da referida literatura na produção de discursos de bases racistas em relação a africanos e afro-brasileiros, interpelando fundamentos coloniais no âmbito da cultura escolar. Com vistas à compreensão da questão em dois contextos históricos singulares, levantamos as seguintes indagações: quais discursos pressupõem atribuir à literatura escolar de História, no Brasil e em Moçambique, um papel distinto no que se refere à problemática racial? Sobre que concepções de História foram ancoradas essas práticas de escrita e, em que medida, representam um elemento fundamental, ou não, nos arranjos discursivos com esse teor?. Tendo como principal esteio uma malha teórica fundamentada em discussões e questões em torno de atuais questionamentos à colonialidade do saber e do poder, com críticas ao eurocentrismo enquanto perspectiva de conhecimento universal, a base metodológica do estudo referenciou-se, como procedimentos principais, a análise de conteúdos curriculares e inventários de informações contextuais, a partir de fontes como manuais escolares do Brasil e de Moçambique no período em questão, documentos de época e entrevistas com autores. A matriz de discursos racializantes e suas reverberações em livros didáticos de História, no Brasil e em Moçambique, marcam a colonialidade de uma visão antes de tudo atrelada a uma epistême monotópica e a uma visão de História Ocidental, que alimentam as permanências desse discurso

La race est autant une catégorie sociale qu’une catégorie analytique, et cette dualité représente un défi pour les chercheurs et chercheuses qui s’intéressent aux rapports de pouvoir dans les sociétés racialisées. Afin d’étudier la reproduction et la contestation de la race dans l’ordre racial multiculturel en Colombie, je propose d’analyser les discours et la pratique d’acteurs sociaux qui, en interaction avec les institutions étatiques, contribuent à la reproduction et à la transformation de la race et des ordres raciaux dans lesquels ils s’insèrent. Je m’intéresse en particulier à l’entreprise identitaire des acteurs sociaux et politiques racisés qui participent à la reproduction ou à la transformation de l’ordre racial multiculturel. Ces acteurs, nombreux et variés, vont des leaders ethniques jusqu’aux chercheurs. Si tous ces acteurs peuvent être qualifiés d’entrepreneurs raciaux, cette thèse se concentre sur un groupe spécifique de jeunes Afrodescendant.e.s de Bogotá, pour une grande partie d’entre eux provenant des familles mixtes, ayant eu accès à l’Université, faisant l’expérience d’une ascension sociale et travaillant dans des domaines relatifs à la défense des droits de la population noire en Colombie. Je montrerai l’importance de ces facteurs dans leur identification en tant qu’Afrodescendant.e.s à travers l’analyse de leurs discours et de leurs processus identitaires. En même temps qu’ils en sont exclus, ils reproduisent et contestent le cadre multiculturel en élargissant la conception ethnicisée de la population noire à une conception directement liée à l’expérience historique du racisme et de la racisation, qui s’insère dans le contexte global de la diaspora africaine. Enfin, en ayant recours à l’approche intersectionnelle, à travers l’analyse des relations familiales et intimes des personnes enquêtées, je mettrai en évidence non seulement comment le privé devient politique mais également comment le politique imprègne le privé, afin de rendre compte de la place centrale du corps et de la blanchité dans le processus de racisation et dans les stratégies qui visent à défier celle-ci. / Race is as much social as an analytical category. Its duality represents a challenge for researchers interested in power relations within racialized societies. To study how race is simultaneously reproduced and contested in Colombia’s multicultural racial order, I set out to analyze social actors whose discourses and practices, in interaction with official institutions, contribute to reproduce and transform race and the racial orders within which they are embedded. My focus is on the identity entrepreneurship of racized social and political actors who participate in both the reproduction and transformation of the multicultural racial order. From ethnic leaders to researchers, these actors are many and diverse. Although they may all be described as racial entrepreneurs, this dissertation is centered on a specific group of young Afro-descendants from Bogotá, many of whom come from mixed-race families, are college-educated, are experiencing upward social mobility, and are working with black rights advocacy organizations in Colombia. I will show the importance of these factors for their identification as Afro-descendants through an analysis of their discourses and identity processes. They reproduce and contest the multicultural framework of which they are excluded by broadening the ethnic conception of the Black population to a conception that is directly linked to the historical experience of racism and racialization, one that is embedded within the global context of the African diaspora. Finally, by turning to an intersectional approach, through the analysis of their family and intimate relationships, I will demonstrate how privacy is politicized and politics privatized, to account for the central position of the body and of whiteness in both the racialization process and the strategies that aim at challenging it

In this dissertation, I explore ‘green’ urban development and urban agriculture projects from the perspective of residents of an African American majority neighborhood in Kansas City—who reside in an area referred to as a ‘blighted food desert’ by local policy makers. In Kansas City, extensive city government support exists for urban agricultural projects, which are touted not just as a solution to poverty associated issues such food insecurity and obesity, but also as a remedy for ‘blight,’ violence and crime, and vacant urban land. Specific narratives of Kansas City’s past are used to prop up and legitimate these future visions for, and development projects in, the city. This dissertation lays out an argument for how, in Kansas City, the dominant narrative surrounding urban sustainability, agriculture, and history came to be constructed and informed by white voices, and documents how these narratives, primarily constructed by upper-middle class white local ‘foodies’, are harnessed to support green development projects that marginalize and displace people of color and the poor. Specifically, I draw on 26 months of ethnographic fieldwork to explore how this narrative was constructed and elevated in local policy circles, document the lived consequences of this whitened narrative from the perspective of residents of “food deserts,” and describe historical and current minority-led agricultural projects—which aren’t included in dominant accountings of Kansas City’s development. I also explore agentive actions of racialized groups in opposition to this dominant whitened discourse, documenting how one neighborhood council in Kansas City strategically utilizes urban food project funding to acquire other, more urgently needed, community resources. I bring light to important acts of resistance by some black and brown urban farmers, who explicitly work to shape city space by reinscribing spatialized histories of displacement and racism in Kansas City. In this project I understand racialization and representation as active, not passive, processes, that have the power to determine whose voices are heard, and who has power to shape city space and its use. By untangling the racialized construction of history and space, and drawing on narratives shared by oft-silenced groups, this dissertation project contributes to scholarly work committed to disrupting hegemonic spatialized whiteness (McKittrick 2011).

<p>There are several typical ideas about the suburb. The suburb is often associated with criminality and other social problems such as segregation. The purpose of this essay is to study the picture of how the suburb is constructed in a media context. The method used to answer the purpose of this study is critical discourse analysis, based on the thoughts of Norman Fairclough. The central theoretical ideas for this study are representation, stereotypes and racialization. They are all in a way linked to power.</p><p>Within the media suburb discourse I have distinguished two different discourses. The stereotyped discourse and the challenging alternative discourse have been found in both articles and interview. It is the alternative discourse that challenges the stereotyped one. You can say that the alternative discourse is created in an attempt to change the representations of the suburb. The stereotyped discourse is in spite of the changing attempts still the dominant one.</p><p>The media treatment of the suburb has created several stereotypes and the negative and criminal picture has become a common frame of reference in a social consciousness. In my empirical material I have seen traces of a form of underlying ideology called racialization. Racialization is based on different simplifications and categorisations of gender, class and “race”. This ideology has an influence in every level of society, which means that the editorial office despite their purpose also, reproduce the stereotyped discourse. It shows the difficulties to change an established discourse like the stereotyped one. It is important to challenge these ideas to be able to make a difference in the way we speak, think and stigmatize the suburb.</p>