I denna studie undersöker vi matematiklärares olika synsätt utifrån deras erfarenheter kring visuella representationer och aspekter av bråk. Lärare intervjuades om en uppsättning problem som deras elever fick lösa, vilka var de metoderna som användes. Vi undersöker därav även om det finns några samband mellan klassresultaten och matematiklärarnas olika synsätt. Tre olika teorier användes som ramverk vid både metodövervägandet och analysen; Fyra utvecklingsstadier vid inlärning med representationer, fem aspekter av bråk och pedagogical content knowledge. Resultaten visar att det finns likheter och skillnader i deltagande lärares synsätt. Några likheter var att alla deltagande lärare finner visuella representationer att vara ett användbart hjälpmedel vid utveckling av elevers förståelse samt att de alla uttrycker en större bekantskap med aspekten del-helhet jämfört med de övriga aspekterna. Några skillnader mellan lärarnas synsätt var att de har olika inställningar till huruvida bråk uppfattas som svårt för eleverna men också i vilken utsträckning visuella representationer ska användas i årskurs 9. Vid analys av klassresultaten finner vi några samband där eleverna har svårare för uppgifter med areamodeller som inte är indelade i lika stora delar, uppgifter med tallinjer och uppgifter där eleverna ska uttrycka sig med ord. Lärarnas kommentarer till detta är att eleverna saknar förståelse för den matematik som ska användas och att eleverna på så sätt använder en felaktig metod. Lärarna kommenterar även att vissa uppgifter i studien kräver en större begreppsförståelse vilket påverkar elevernas resultat på uppgifterna. / In this study we examine mathematics teacher’s verity in their reasoning and their different perspectives about visual representations and sub-constructs of fractions. Teachers were interviewed about task that their students solved, which were the methods used in this study. Therefor we also examine if there are any correlations between the teacher’s different perspectives of visual representations and the classes results on fraction tasks. The study was based on three theoretical frameworks; Four stages through the use of representations, five sub-constructs of fraction and pedagogical content knowledge. The methodological consideration and analysis were based on these theories. The result showed that there were some similarities and differences in the teacher’s reasoning. A similarity was that all participated teachers found visual representations as a helpful tool when teaching fractions for student’s conceptual understanding. Another similarity was that all teachers were more familiar with the part-whole sub-construct than the other subconstructs of fraction. Some differences in the teacher’s reasoning were if they found fraction difficult or not for the students and in which extent visual representation should be used in the ninth grade. When the class results were analyzed some connections were found. Student have difficulties with tasks where area models are not equaled partitioned, with tasks related to number lines and to tasks were the students must change from a visual to a textual representation. According to the teachers comments these difficulties accurse due to that the students lacks a curtain mathematical understanding that is required when solving these tasks. This leads to the use of an inaccurate method. The teacher’s also comments that some tasks in this study requires a higher conceptual understanding which affects the classes’ results.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-08-17T13:18:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Anna Carolina Salgado Jardim.pdf: 2127207 bytes, checksum: e6b5c023d31540114c8c16247619823d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T13:18:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anna Carolina Salgado Jardim.pdf: 2127207 bytes, checksum: e6b5c023d31540114c8c16247619823d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / There have been many transformations through the history of Professional, Scientific and Technological Education (EPCT). One of the most significant was the creation in 2008 of the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology (IFs). It is necessary to consider that, at the same time that institutional changes occurred, there were also changes in the profile and performance of teachers. In this sense, to construct management strategies it is necessary to consider the transformation of the institution comprising the people who lead the institution in its daily life. As it is an institution that acts specifically in the EPCT, the IF confronted with the continuous reconstruction of its image and its institutional identity, presenting dilemmas and contradictions in the constitution of teaching professionalism. The central problem of this thesis is to understand the social representations of teachers and managers of an IF about the meaning of “being a teacher”, considering the historical-social context in which such representations were constituted. In this perspective, the aim of this thesis is to analyze the social representations of managers and teachers of an IF about “being a teacher” in the institution, considering their performance in different levels of education, research, extension, management and articulating the analyzes carried out in such a way as to allow an understanding of how the teaching professional in the institution is revealed. The perspective of this study is psychosocial, with theoretical-methodological basis of Theory of Social Representations of Moscovici (1961), privileging the procedural approach (or sociogenetic). The method in question involved a three-dimensional analysis of social representations considering the field of representation, information and attitude. The research was developed in three phases of production and analysis of interdependent data, the first exploratory phase and the other phases of deepening. We used multiple methodological strategies, such as: verification of the technical literature of the topic, documentary analysis, free association of words, questionnaire of diverse format, focus groups and semistructured interviews for the production of data, and the technique of natural semantic networks, analysis of similarity and content analysis as analysis procedures. The research participants are 63 teachers and managers of a Campus of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo (IFSP). The results demonstrate that the figurative nucleus of social representations about “being a teacher” in the IFSP is centered on the word “challenger”. The field of representation is marked by affections whose connotation is predominantly positive, revealing that “being a teacher” in the IF refers to the image of quality. The affectivity present in the verbal and written discourses of the teachers and managers leads to the responsible and committed attitude of the studied group towards their professional work in the IF, demonstrating with clarity the identity function of the social representations unveiled. We note that in this study, information is tied to knowledge, which is sometimes uneven in terms of the objective aspects constituting the professionalism of Teacher of Basic, Technical and Technological Education (EBTT). In investigating the dimensions of the social representations of managers and teachers about being a teacher at the Federal Institute, conducting the analysis of its content and structure, as well as its objectification and anchoring processes, we unveil important aspects of the professionalism of the EBTT teacher, paving the way for new research and reflection on the demands of continuing teacher training / Ao longo da história da Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica (EPCT) foram muitas as transformações. A criação dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFs), em 2008, foi uma das mais significativas. Simultaneamente às mudanças institucionais, houve alterações no perfil e na atuação docente. Nesse sentido, construir estratégias de gestão que considerem a transformação da instituição exige compreender os sujeitos que conduzem a instituição em seu cotidiano. Como instituição que atua especificamente na EPCT, o IF se confrontou com a contínua reconstrução da sua imagem e de sua identidade institucional, apresentando dilemas e contradições na constituição da profissionalidade docente. O problema desta tese é compreender as representações sociais de professores e gestores de um IF sobre “‘ser professor”, considerando o contexto histórico-social em que tais representações foram constituídas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo é analisar as representações sociais dos gestores e dos professores de um IF sobre ser professor na instituição, levando em conta sua atuação em diversos níveis de ensino, na pesquisa, na extensão, na gestão e articulando as análises realizadas de forma a permitir a compreensão de como se revela a profissionalidade docente na instituição. A perspectiva deste estudo é psicossocial, com embasamento teórico-metodológico da Teoria das Representações Sociais, de Moscovici (1961), privilegiando-se a abordagem processual (ou sociogenética). O método envolveu uma análise tridimensional das representações sociais considerando o campo de representação, a informação e a atitude. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se em três fases de produção e análise de dados interdependentes, sendo a 1.ª fase exploratória e as demais de aprofundamento. Utilizamos múltiplas estratégias metodológicas, a saber: revisão de literatura, análise documental, associação livre de palavras, questionário de formato diversificado, grupos focais e entrevistas semiestruturadas para a produção de dados e, técnica das redes semânticas naturais, análise de similitude e análise de conteúdo como procedimentos de análise. Os sujeitos da pesquisa são 63 docentes e gestores de um Câmpus do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP). Os resultados demonstram que o núcleo figurativo das representações sociais sobre “ser professor” no IFSP é centrado na palavra desafiador. O campo de representação é marcado por afetos cuja conotação é predominantemente positiva, revelando que “ser professor” no IF remete à imagem de qualidade. A afetividade presente nos discursos verbais e escritos dos professores e gestores conduz à atitude responsável e comprometida do grupo estudado para com a sua atuação no IF, evidenciando com clareza a função identitária das representações sociais desveladas. Observamos que a informação, neste estudo, é atrelada ao conhecimento, que, por vezes, mostra-se desnivelado nos aspectos objetivos constituintes da profissionalidade do professor do Ensino Básico, Técnico e Tecnológico (EBTT). Ao investigar as dimensões das representações sociais dos gestores e dos professores sobre ser professor no Instituto Federal, analisando seu conteúdo e estrutura, bem como seus processos de objetivação e ancoragem, desvelamos importantes aspectos da profissionalidade do professor EBTT, abrindo caminho para novas pesquisas e para a reflexão sobre as demandas de formação continuada de docentes

Syftet med studien var att ta reda på vilka strategier elever väljer när de ska lösa ett matematiskt problem. Vi genomförde en observation och nio individuella intervjuer med elever i årskurs 3. De fick lösa ett matematiskt problem som observerades. Utifrån elevernas lösningar genomförde vi sedan intervjuer för att ta reda på vilka strategier de valt att använda för att lösa problemet. Resultatet av elevernas lösningar visade på flera olika lösningsstrategier. Dessa delades in i yttre och inre representationer. Strategier som bilder, grafiska framställningar och matematiska symboler (siffror) hör till de yttre representationerna, då de består av konkreta bilder som eleverna måste se framför sig på papper när de löser matematiska problem. Huvudräkning, automatiserad kunskap och ”tänkande” är samtliga strategier som tillhör de inre representationsformerna. Med inre representationer menar vi det som sker i huvudet, det eleverna inte behöver se framför sig för att kunna lösa problemet. Vi fann att elevlösningarna innehöll kombinationer av flera olika strategier. Vilken eller vilka strategier eleven än väljer till sin problemlösning är det oundvikligt att använda sig av någon form av inre representationsform, för att tänka måste alla göra oberoende av vilken lösningsstrategi som väljs och hur duktiga problemlösare eleverna än är. När eleverna är unga kan det vara svårt och ovant för dem att skriftligt redovisa hur lösningsprocessen gått till. Därför måste vi lärare ha tid att sätta oss in i hur eleven tänker för att kunna bygga vidare undervisningen utifrån den enskilde individens behov. / The purpose of the study was to discern which strategies pupils employ when they solve a mathematical problem. We carried through one observation and nine individual interviews with pupils in school year 3. They were asked to solve a mathematical problem, which was observed. On the basis of the pupils’ solutions, we carried out interviews in order to determine which strategies they chose to employ. The outcome of the pupils’ solutions showed several problem solving strategies. These were divided into external and internal representations. Strategies such as pictures, graphs and mathematical symbols (numerals) are external representations, as they consist of concrete pictures that the pupils must see in front of them on a paper when solving mathematical problems. Mental arithmetic, automated knowledge and “thinking” are all strategies that belong to internal modes of representation. With internal representations, we mean what happens inside our heads – what pupils need not see in front of them in order to solve a problem. We found that the pupils’ solutions contained combinations of several different strategies. Irrespective of which strategy or strategies the pupil choose in his or her problem solving, it is inevitable to use some variety of internal representations; everyone has to think, regardless of the strategy chosen and the problem solving skills of the pupil. When pupils are young, it may be difficult for them to present the flow of their problem solving processes in writing. Consequently, as teachers we must have time to familiarize ourselves with how the pupil thinks in order to develop our teaching on the basis of the needs of the individual pupil.

<p>Syftet med studien var att ta reda på vilka strategier elever väljer när de ska lösa</p><p>ett matematiskt problem. Vi genomförde en observation och nio individuella</p><p>intervjuer med elever i årskurs 3. De fick lösa ett matematiskt problem som</p><p>observerades. Utifrån elevernas lösningar genomförde vi sedan intervjuer för att</p><p>ta reda på vilka strategier de valt att använda för att lösa problemet. Resultatet av</p><p>elevernas lösningar visade på flera olika lösningsstrategier. Dessa delades in i</p><p>yttre och inre representationer. Strategier som bilder, grafiska framställningar och</p><p>matematiska symboler (siffror) hör till de yttre representationerna, då de består av</p><p>konkreta bilder som eleverna måste se framför sig på papper när de löser</p><p>matematiska problem. Huvudräkning, automatiserad kunskap och ”tänkande” är</p><p>samtliga strategier som tillhör de inre representationsformerna. Med inre</p><p>representationer menar vi det som sker i huvudet, det eleverna inte behöver se</p><p>framför sig för att kunna lösa problemet. Vi fann att elevlösningarna innehöll</p><p>kombinationer av flera olika strategier. Vilken eller vilka strategier eleven än</p><p>väljer till sin problemlösning är det oundvikligt att använda sig av någon form av</p><p>inre representationsform, för att tänka måste alla göra oberoende av vilken</p><p>lösningsstrategi som väljs och hur duktiga problemlösare eleverna än är. När</p><p>eleverna är unga kan det vara svårt och ovant för dem att skriftligt redovisa hur</p><p>lösningsprocessen gått till. Därför måste vi lärare ha tid att sätta oss in i hur</p><p>eleven tänker för att kunna bygga vidare undervisningen utifrån den enskilde</p><p>individens behov.</p> / <p>The purpose of the study was to discern which strategies pupils employ when they solve</p><p>a mathematical problem. We carried through one observation and nine individual</p><p>interviews with pupils in school year 3. They were asked to solve a mathematical</p><p>problem, which was observed. On the basis of the pupils’ solutions, we carried out</p><p>interviews in order to determine which strategies they chose to employ. The outcome of</p><p>the pupils’ solutions showed several problem solving strategies. These were divided</p><p>into external and internal representations. Strategies such as pictures, graphs and</p><p>mathematical symbols (numerals) are external representations, as they consist of</p><p>concrete pictures that the pupils must see in front of them on a paper when solving</p><p>mathematical problems. Mental arithmetic, automated knowledge and “thinking” are all</p><p>strategies that belong to internal modes of representation. With internal representations,</p><p>we mean what happens inside our heads – what pupils need not see in front of them in</p><p>order to solve a problem. We found that the pupils’ solutions contained combinations of</p><p>several different strategies. Irrespective of which strategy or strategies the pupil choose</p><p>in his or her problem solving, it is inevitable to use some variety of internal</p><p>representations; everyone has to think, regardless of the strategy chosen and the</p><p>problem solving skills of the pupil. When pupils are young, it may be difficult for them</p><p>to present the flow of their problem solving processes in writing. Consequently, as</p><p>teachers we must have time to familiarize ourselves with how the pupil thinks in order</p><p>to develop our teaching on the basis of the needs of the individual pupil.</p>

Dans le contexte social actuel, l’identification et la compréhension de la représentation que les intervenants ont des soins palliatifs constituent l’un des points d’ancrage de l’agir professionnel, de la formation et des modifications de structures de soins. Le but de cette étude était de décrire et de comprendre la représentation qu’un groupe d’intervenants travaillant en CLSC a des soins palliatifs, puis de proposer des interventions éducatives et organisationnelles susceptibles de favoriser une plus forte adhésion à la philosophie qui sous-tend ce type particulier de soins. Des entretiens semi dirigés et une analyse de contenu ont révélé un univers de représentations à la fois similaires et différents dans chaque sous-groupe. On constate que chaque thème exploré peut prendre des sens divers. On peut dire que la représentation des soins palliatifs chez le groupe de professionnels de CLSC ayant participé à la présente étude constitue un ensemble de savoirs à portée pratique très élevée faisant intervenir en grande majorité des savoirs de sens commun. Un point se révèle crucial : celui de la formation dans l’appropriation de la philosophie des soins palliatifs qui devrait être à la base de cette pratique; une formation qui doit prendre en compte les multiples composantes non scientifiques et les ambiguïtés du travail quotidien en soins palliatifs comme faisant partie intégrante des dynamiques du processus d’appropriation de la philosophie des soins palliatifs. / In the present social context, the identification and the comprehension of palliative care workers representations is at the base of their professional education and behaviours as well as of the many changes occurring in health care institutions. The aim of the present research is to describe and better comprehend the representations of a group of health care professionals working in a continuum of palliative care services in the Quebec health care and social services network. It is also to propose educational and organizational interventions in order to bring workers closer to the palliative care philosophy. Semi directed interviews and a content analysis revealed a large variety of representations that were both similar and different in each group as well as in the different groups. Many different meanings were given to each theme explored. The health care workers palliative care representations contain a variety of highly practical knowings and knowledges that bring together a vast majority of common sense meanings. One point is crucial: palliative care philosophy education should be at the base of palliative care interventions. The education content should take into account the multiple non scientific and ambiguous components of daily work in a palliative care settings since they are part of the process conducting to the appropriation of the palliative care philosophy.

Cette recherche s’intéresse à la question des représentations que les enfants construisent au sujet de l’alimentation dans une perspective épistémologique constructiviste, ancrée dans les traditions de la communication et de la psychologie sociale. Notre but a été de déterminer si les représentations de l’alimentation chez les enfants pouvaient être comprises en tant que représentations sociales, et si la construction de ces représentations variait selon l’âge et selon l’appartenance socioculturelle des enfants. Pour ce faire, nous avons analysé les discours sur l’alimentation des enfants de 7 à 12 ans issus de trois contextes culturels différents. Ainsi, nous avons comparé les représentations de l’alimentation construites par des enfants nés, élevés et éduqués en Roumanie et au Québec, ainsi que celles des enfants nés (ou élevés depuis un très bas âge) au Québec, mais provenant de familles d’immigrants roumains. La méthodologie de recherche a reflété une intégration instrumentale des perspectives issues de la psychologie sociale et de la communication, en étant dérivée de la logique naturelle et des théories sur les représentations sociales. Nos résultats suggèrent que les enfants construisent des représentations sociales de l'alimentation et que ces représentations progressent en complexité, tant du point de vue cognitif que moral, suivant l'âge, en subissant des processus de constructions similaires. De plus, il existerait des influences liées à l'appartenance socioculturelle sur le contenu et sur la complexité des représentations, dans ce sens que les différences et les ressemblances entre les groups socioculturels renvoient soit à des influences culturelles, soit à des influences en lien avec l'idéologie. En fonction des résultats obtenus, nous avons proposé des stratégies communicationnelles visant à accroître l’efficacité des programmes d’éducation à la nutrition. De point de vue théorique, notre recherche contribue au raffinement de la théorie des représentations sociales et du développement de l'enfant, ainsi qu'au développement d’un nouveau regard méthodologique sur cette problématique. / This research focuses on children’s representations of food and nutrition from a constructivist epistemological perspective based on an interdisciplinary approach integrating communication and social psychology. Our goal was to determine which representations of food and nutrition could be understood as social representations, and if children’s age and cultural background interfered with the development of those representations. The subjects were children aged 7 to 12 from three different cultural backgrounds - we compared representations of food and nutrition built by children born, raised and educated in Romania and Quebec, as well as children from families of Romanian immigrants born (or raised from a very young age) in Quebec. The research methodology integrated social psychology and communication perspectives, instrumentally derived from natural logic and theories on social representations. Results suggest that children build social representations of food and nutrition, and that these representations become progressively more complex, undergoing a similar developmental process, according to children’s age, both from a cognitive and moral viewpoint. Moreover, the research highlights that socio-cultural background influences on the representations content and complexity refer either to cultural or ideological influences with regards to the differences and similarities between socio-cultural groups. Furthermore, we proposed scenarios of communication strategies aiming to increase the effectiveness of nutritional education programs. Finally, the research provides contributions to theories of social representations and child development as well as to the development of new methods for the analysis of representations.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Esta dissertação tem como objeto de pesquisa representações da formação acadêmica de um grupo de professoras. Está vinculada à linha de pesquisa em História e Filosofia da Educação e examina memoriais descritivos que constituem narrativas autobiográficas de vida e formação, escritos por um grupo de dezenove professoras, ex-alunas do curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia, na modalidade a distância, da Universidade de Caxias do Sul. O suporte teórico deste estudo está apoiado especialmente em Chartier, Pesavento, Nóvoa, Tardif e Mizukami, entre outros. A metodologia utilizada está ancorada em algumas ênfases da História Cultural, buscando produzir uma narrativa plausível a partir do exame dos dados, produzida com apoio na análise textual discursiva, tendo como base categorias emergentes do processo de impregnação, categorização e teorização do material empírico que compõe o corpus da pesquisa. As narrativas escritas pelas professoras foram tomadas como objeto privilegiado de análise com o intuito de perceber quais representações cada uma produziu sobre seu próprio processo de formação. A arquitetura do texto envolve quatro capítulos A formação acadêmica: um processo (re)vivido a partir da escrita reflexiva; Ser professora: representações de uma escolha; A gestão da formação acadêmica e De professora a pedagoga: marcas de uma trajetória. Os memoriais descritivos possibilitaram estudar a trajetória das professoras no que se refere à sua formação acadêmica, revelando representações sobre a escolha profissional, a identificação enquanto estudantes, o reencontro com o aprender e o encontro com os saberes docentes. As narrativas apresentaram sinais de avanço da postura reflexiva e fortalecimento da identidade profissional, além de indicar que a formação continua. As principais contribuições deste estudo situam-se na compreensão de que, a partir da formação acadêmica, as professoras foram se tecendo como profissionais em um processo de aprendizagem que aconteceu estabelecendo pontes com a prática e agregando novos saberes. Nas narrativas das professoras, ficaram palavras que possibilitam compreender a educação a partir de quem é personagem desta história. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-06-02T16:54:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Cineri Fachin Moraes.pdf: 486727 bytes, checksum: 039501e2dad687ec5d69b9de73778de2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-02T16:54:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Cineri Fachin Moraes.pdf: 486727 bytes, checksum: 039501e2dad687ec5d69b9de73778de2 (MD5) / The scope of this research study consists on the representations of academic education for a group of teachers. It is related to the line of research for Education History and Philosophy and examines descriptive memorials. These autobiographical narratives about their lives and education were written by a group of 19 teachers who used to be students at the distance learning program for Pedagogy held at the University of Caxias do Sul. Theoretical support is based especially on Chartier, Pesavento, Nóvoa, Tardif and Mizukami, among others. Methodology applied emphasizes a few aspects of Cultural History, in an attempt of producing plausible narrative from the data analyzed, and is supported by discourse textual analysis, based on categories emerging from the processes of impregnation, categorization, and theorization of the empiric material that makes up the corpus of the study. The narratives written by the teachers were taken as a privileged object of analysis with the purpose of perceiving what representations each one of them made about their own process of academic education. The architecture of the text is organized in four chapters Academic education: a process (re)lived through reflexive writing practice; Being a teacher: representations of a choice; Managing academic education for teachers, and "From teacher to pedagogue: marks in a trajectory". The descriptive memorials made it possible to study the path taken by the teachers in their trajectory for academic education, revealing representations about their professional choice, their identification as students, their reencounter with learning and their encounter with teaching knowledge. Narratives presented a few signs of growth for their reflexive posture and of strengthening for their professional identities, besides indicating that their education is ongoing. The main contributions coming from this study rely on the understanding that from academic education, these teachers started their weaving process as professionals in a learning process which took place by linking bridges with their experience and aggregating new knowledge. In the narrative of the teachers there are words that make it possible to understand education from a perspective of somebody that is a character in the story.

Esta dissertação tem como objeto de pesquisa representações da formação acadêmica de um grupo de professoras. Está vinculada à linha de pesquisa em História e Filosofia da Educação e examina memoriais descritivos que constituem narrativas autobiográficas de vida e formação, escritos por um grupo de dezenove professoras, ex-alunas do curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia, na modalidade a distância, da Universidade de Caxias do Sul. O suporte teórico deste estudo está apoiado especialmente em Chartier, Pesavento, Nóvoa, Tardif e Mizukami, entre outros. A metodologia utilizada está ancorada em algumas ênfases da História Cultural, buscando produzir uma narrativa plausível a partir do exame dos dados, produzida com apoio na análise textual discursiva, tendo como base categorias emergentes do processo de impregnação, categorização e teorização do material empírico que compõe o corpus da pesquisa. As narrativas escritas pelas professoras foram tomadas como objeto privilegiado de análise com o intuito de perceber quais representações cada uma produziu sobre seu próprio processo de formação. A arquitetura do texto envolve quatro capítulos A formação acadêmica: um processo (re)vivido a partir da escrita reflexiva; Ser professora: representações de uma escolha; A gestão da formação acadêmica e De professora a pedagoga: marcas de uma trajetória. Os memoriais descritivos possibilitaram estudar a trajetória das professoras no que se refere à sua formação acadêmica, revelando representações sobre a escolha profissional, a identificação enquanto estudantes, o reencontro com o aprender e o encontro com os saberes docentes. As narrativas apresentaram sinais de avanço da postura reflexiva e fortalecimento da identidade profissional, além de indicar que a formação continua. As principais contribuições deste estudo situam-se na compreensão de que, a partir da formação acadêmica, as professoras foram se tecendo como profissionais em um processo de aprendizagem que aconteceu estabelecendo pontes com a prática e agregando novos saberes. Nas narrativas das professoras, ficaram palavras que possibilitam compreender a educação a partir de quem é personagem desta história. / The scope of this research study consists on the representations of academic education for a group of teachers. It is related to the line of research for Education History and Philosophy and examines descriptive memorials. These autobiographical narratives about their lives and education were written by a group of 19 teachers who used to be students at the distance learning program for Pedagogy held at the University of Caxias do Sul. Theoretical support is based especially on Chartier, Pesavento, Nóvoa, Tardif and Mizukami, among others. Methodology applied emphasizes a few aspects of Cultural History, in an attempt of producing plausible narrative from the data analyzed, and is supported by discourse textual analysis, based on categories emerging from the processes of impregnation, categorization, and theorization of the empiric material that makes up the corpus of the study. The narratives written by the teachers were taken as a privileged object of analysis with the purpose of perceiving what representations each one of them made about their own process of academic education. The architecture of the text is organized in four chapters Academic education: a process (re)lived through reflexive writing practice; Being a teacher: representations of a choice; Managing academic education for teachers, and "From teacher to pedagogue: marks in a trajectory". The descriptive memorials made it possible to study the path taken by the teachers in their trajectory for academic education, revealing representations about their professional choice, their identification as students, their reencounter with learning and their encounter with teaching knowledge. Narratives presented a few signs of growth for their reflexive posture and of strengthening for their professional identities, besides indicating that their education is ongoing. The main contributions coming from this study rely on the understanding that from academic education, these teachers started their weaving process as professionals in a learning process which took place by linking bridges with their experience and aggregating new knowledge. In the narrative of the teachers there are words that make it possible to understand education from a perspective of somebody that is a character in the story.

Dans le courant du XXe siècle, la scène littéraire de langue française s’est enrichie d’auteurs venus de Chine. Passeurs de langues, de frontières et de cultures, ils érigent, par leurs productions, des ponts singuliers illustrant les défis de la mondialisation. Du roman à la poésie en passant par le théâtre, l’objectif de notre étude est d’avancer une typologie de ce champ littéraire émergent. Englobant les vingt-quatre auteurs qui composent ce dernier, parmi lesquels François Cheng, Gao Xingjian, Dai Sijie, ou encore Ying Chen, l’analyse se fonde sur un concept-référent : la transidentité des auteurs. Par ailleurs, afin de saisir au mieux la complexité et la diversité des productions, la transdisciplinarité des approches – sociologique, littéraire et linguistique – s’avère éclairante. Par le prisme de l’identité culturelle, l’étude interne des œuvres se divise en deux volets : les représentations interculturelles et la poétique transculturelle. Dans une optique de comparaison constante entre les œuvres de chaque auteur, puis entre les différents auteurs, nous rendons compte des caractéristiques récurrentes et opérons des classifications. Ceci permet d’interroger le statut du champ au sein des littératures dites "francophones" et de soulever la question de l’étiquette. Ainsi, par le truchement des auteurs chinois, c’est le statut identitaire et théorique de tout écrivain périphérique dans l’espace francophone que nous cherchons à éclairer. / In the 20th century, French literary scene has been enriched by authors coming from China. Crossing languages, borders and cultures, they erected, through their productions, singular bridges that illustrate the challenges of globalization. Focused on novels, poetry, passing by theater, the purpose of this research is to advance a typology of this emerging literary field. Encompassing the twenty-four authors composing it, including François Cheng, Gao Xingjian, Dai Sijie, or Ying Chen, the study is based on a referent-concept: the authors’ transidentity. For a better understanding of complexity and diversity of productions, transdisciplinarity – sociological, literary, and linguistic approaches – is instructive. By the prism of cultural identity, the internal study of works is divided into two components: intercultural representations and transcultural (of cross-cultural) poetic. With a constant comparison between works of each author, and between the authors, we figure out recurring characteristics and operate classifications. This allows to question the status of the field in the so-called "Francophone" literature and to raise the issue of the label. Thus through Chinese authors, it is any peripheral writer theoretical status in the francophone space that we are trying to explore and enlighten.