In 2017, the Me Too campaign, founded ten years earlier to help women of color from low-income communities who were survivors of sexual violence, became a viral social media movement following allegations on Twitter by actress Alyssa Milano of sexual harassment and violence against the powerful Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein. Using the hashtag #MeToo, Milano unwittingly mobilized millions of women to share their stories via social media, and the #Metoo movement subsequently helped to illuminate both the structural and individual aspects of sexual harassment and abuse by men against women within virtually all aspects of society. As the #MeToo movement swept the globe, millions of women shared stories of sexual harassment and abuse through social media platforms, and indictments of the “inappropriate behavior” against women gained center stage. To understand this movement today and how media made it possible, this study analyses the discussion about online media and social movements surrounding the 2019 World Economic Forum held in Davos, Switzerland. In doing so, this research sheds light on the achievement and impact of the movement. Employing a mixed-method approach providing a feminist epistemological perspective on elements drawn from discourse analysis, comparative discourse analysis, content analysis, and critical discourse analysis, this thesis analyses a sample of ten online reports on how online mass media, and particularly social media, shapes movements for social change. It shows that online media is of great significance in constructing movements for social change because it facilitates the construction and dissemination of a social change discourse and influences how we determine which situations and actions constitute “sexual harassment.” This analysis further shows that feminist principles of gender equality, women’s sexual self-determination, and empowerment no longer define the politics of sexual harassment in the digital age.

[pt] O objetivo desta pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, é a escuta de crianças na Primeira Infância residentes em contextos de favela, relacionando seus saberes à dimensão de seus direitos. Escutamos um grupo de 06 crianças com idades entre 5 e 6 anos residentes na Rocinha, favela do Rio de Janeiro, sobre o que é importante para o seu bem-estar a partir do seu cotidiano através de metodologia apropriada. A reflexão proposta e os referenciais teóricos, metodológicos e conceituais selecionados consideram a criança como sujeito do processo de investigação valorizando a escuta como direito. Na análise dos dados, as falas e expressões das crianças foram articuladas a partir de aproximações e distanciamentos com as normativas que preconizam os direitos na Primeira Infância. Definimos como aproximações as relações entre os temas que emergiram do campo e os direitos preconizados e como distanciamentos os temas que se relacionaram a violações de direitos. Os resultados apontam para a importância do exercício de escuta e aprendizagem com as crianças valorizando suas potencialidades sem ignorar as condições impostas por diversas desigualdades e injustiças que marcam o cenário de favela. Concluímos que a escuta de crianças como direito, embora presente nos debates, ainda tem sido pouco valorizada nas práticas e nas políticas públicas. A pesquisa permitiu-nos perceber que a escuta às crianças, quando valorizada pelos adultos, pode agregar ao compromisso em relação aos direitos das crianças na Primeira Infância. / [en] The purpose of this qualitative study is to listen to young children who live in favelas regardingtheir knowledge about their rights. We listened to a group of six children between the ages of five and six who are residents of the Rio favela, Rocinha, about what they consider important to their well-being. The proposed reflection, the theoretical, methodological and conceptual references chosen reflect the position that children are central subjects in a study and should be listened to, as a right. The testimonies and views of the children were analysed contrasting their knowledge within relation to their rights. The results point out to the importance of listening to and learning with the children without losing sight of the conditions in which they live which result from various inequalities and injustices that characterize life in a favela. We conclude that despite the fact that the notion of listening to childrenas a right is already part of the debates, in fact their voices have little value in public policies and social practices. The study helped us understand that when children s voices are valued by adults, there are gains that can contribute to the commitment to young children and their rights.

I denna kandidatuppsats utforskas hur lagstiftningen för unga lagöverträdare mellan 15-17 år som misstänks eller döms för grova brott har förändrats under tidsperioden 1993-2023 ur ett kritiskt barnrättsteoretiskt perspektiv. Under denna tidsperiod ska barnets rättigheter framträda under lagstiftningsprocessen och studiens syfte är att undersöka huruvida barnets rättigheter framkommer vid utvecklingen av nya ungdomspåföljder. Studien belyser den ökade tendensen av lagstiftaren att tillämpa strängare straff som respons på ungdomsbrottslighet och i bekämpandet av kriminella nätverk. Detta  reflekterar ett skifte från fokus på rehabilitering, till allt mer straffande åtgärder med inslag av kontroll och frihetsberövande. Denna studie granskar hur dessa förändringar påverkas av barnets rättigheter enligt FN:s barnkonvention och diskuterar den komplexitet som uppstår när barn misstänks eller döms för grova brott, samt vid utformandet av ungdomspåföljder. Genom riktad kvalitativ innehållsanalys av fyra statliga offentliga utredningar identifierades flera centrala teman, såsom skiftet i ansvarande myndigheter, utveckling av straffsystemets principer, balansen mellan samhällsskydd och rehabilitering, barnkonventionen och barnperspektiv, barnets bästa och barnets behov. Denna studies resultat visar att det har skett en markant ökning av straffande åtgärder, vilket har lett till att unga lagöverträdare i högre grad hamnar inom Kriminalvårdens system snarare än att få stödjande åtgärder från socialtjänsten under senare tid. Detta har resulterat i en förskjutning där samhällsskydd prioriteras framför rehabilitering och barns rättigheter enligt barnkonventionen, där särskilt principen om barnets bästa riskerar att åsidosättas.

This thesis examines the issue of femicides in Germany and Spain, contextualized within the broader European Union (EU) framework. It employs feminist and postcolonial theoretical frameworks to analyze policy mobilization and the framing of gender-based violence in these two countries. Feminist theory challenges patriarchal structures and advocates for gender equality, focusing on the centrality of women's experiences and voices in research. Postcolonial theory explores the legacies of colonialism and imperialism, shedding light on historical power imbalances and their contemporary implications. Intersectionality, a core aspect of both theories, provides a nuanced understanding of how overlapping forms of oppression affect women, particularly in the context of gender-based violence. The study uses Critical Frame Analysis (CFA) to dissect how femicides are perceived and addressed in public discourse and policies in Germany and Spain. Despite similar femicide rates, these countries have distinct legal frameworks and cultural attitudes towards gender violence. The research highlights the EU's Eurocentric tendencies and the marginalization of intersectional perspectives on inequality policies. By integrating feminist and postcolonial theories, this thesis aims to uncover the complex dynamics of femicides, offering insights into the structural changes necessary to promote gender equality in the EU. The Analysis revealed that while Spain has a more gendered approach to legislation and a more intersectional approach to policies as a whole than Germany does, both countries struggle with explicitly addressing femicides and implementing effective interventions.

The world has seen gradual evolution of regional human rights arrangements. The adoption by the UN General Assembly of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on December 10, 1948, was followed by the creation of numerous regional instruments that address concerns of particular importance in the regional context. Three world regions, Africa, the Americas and Europe, have established their respective regional instruments together with the supervisory mechanism, such as commissions and courts. The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, with its emphasis on group rights and individual duties challenges the Western liberal account of rights, as expressed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The cultural differences brought to the fore not only the tension between individual and group rights but also the question as to whether of the universalism of human rights is possible. The study advocates for a moderate universalism of human rights, which can only be achieved through a dialogue among different cultural approaches to the notion of human rights. This study examines the content and substance of human rights norms of the African system with a view to recommending the possible strategies for their reform. Its central thesis is, the system is rather weak and therefore needs to be reformed. Toward this end, the study analyses the provisions of the African Charter. Thereafter, it explores its weaknesses and proposes strategies for their reform. The African human rights mechanisms face a number of common and particular challenges. Prospectively, Africa is going through a tremendous and interesting phase. These challenges are not insurmountable. / Constitutional, International and Indigenous Law / LL.D.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Alberto Sant Anna Bitelli.pdf: 1865746 bytes, checksum: 3e81c50146c4e4ff4d762357c05f7f01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-15 / The study aims to: (i) demonstrate that not all features of personality rights are confirmed effectively in the daily exercise of the right of publicity in the contemporary moment; (ii) evidence that the economic use is an inexorable reality that requires the definition of new contours of the right of publicity; (iii) propose to identify limits to the right of publicity; (iv) to propose the identification of principles applicable to legal relations in the economic use of image rights. Rationale: The right of publicity obtained its autonomy in relation to other personality rights and in Brazil, it was raised to a constitutional fundamental right. The Civil Code treated the right of publicity in Article 20 that is subject to severe critics from the doctrine and cause several disputes in Courts, having been challenged its constitutionality. The Federal Supreme Court in the trial of ADI 4815 that had as its backdrop the need for authorization to produce biographies established rational balance between the fundamental rights of freedom of speech and right of publicity, recognizing the precedence of that freedom of speech on such right. The civil law operation can identify limits to the right of publicity in the production of contents that materialize the freedom of speech without having to seek for solution trough some resolution conflict techniques of constitutional rights. Hypothesis: The work brings as hypothesis that the right of publicity, like author s rights, is a personality right that allows the identification of limits to its exercise and to be subject of civil agreements with economic content, without destroying the core of such right or denying its legal nature. Theoretical and methodological aspects: This study develops an evaluation of the rights of publicity in order to initially identify it as a kind of legal status rather than subjective rights, to then integrate it into the personal assets of the person. Methods of the rules of evidence, analysis and synthesis were used to demonstrate the absence of apparent unanimity about the characteristics of the publicity rights. The case law, jurisprudence and the paradigms of foreign law were additional elements to illustrate the hypothesis. Result: The result was the identification of the boundaries of image rights, the principles that should be applied to relations that the image is the object, a proposal for a revision of Article 20 of the Brazilian Civil Code and of the Precedent 403 of the Superior Court of Justice / O trabalho tem como objetivos (i) demonstrar que nem todas as características dos direitos de personalidade se confirmam de forma efetiva no exercício cotidiano do direito à imagem no momento contemporâneo; (ii) evidenciar que a utilização econômica é uma realidade inexorável que exige a definição de novos contornos do direito à imagem; (iii) propor a identificação dos limites ao direito à imagem enquanto situação jurídica absoluta; (iv) propor a identificação de princípios aplicáveis às relações jurídicas que tenham com objeto à utilização econômica do direito à imagem. Justificativa: O direito à imagem conquistou sua autonomia em relação aos demais direitos de personalidade e no Brasil foi erguido à condição de direito fundamental. O Código Civil tratou no direito à imagem no artigo 20 que é objeto críticas doutrinárias e grandes disputas judiciais, tendo sido desafiado quanto sua constitucionalidade. O Supremo Tribunal Federal no julgamento da ADI 4815 que tinha como pano de fundo a necessidade de autorização para a produção de biografias estabeleceu racional de ponderação entre os direitos fundamentais de liberdade de expressão e à imagem, reconhecendo a precedência daquela liberdade sobre esse direito. A civilística pode identificar limites aos direito à imagem na produção de conteúdos que materializam a liberdade de expressão sem que se tenha que recorrer às técnicas de solução de conflitos aparentes entre direitos constitucionais. Hipótese: O trabalho traz como hipótese a afirmação de que o direito à imagem, tal qual o direito de autor, é um direito de personalidade que admite a identificação de limites ao seu exercício bem como que se estabeleçam com ele relações jurídicas de caráter econômico, sem que se destrua o núcleo essencial do direito ou se negue sua natureza jurídica. Aspectos teóricos e metodológicos: Desenvolveu-se uma avaliação do direito à imagem de modo a identifica-lo primeiramente como uma situação jurídica ao invés de um direito subjetivo, para em seguida, integrá-lo ao patrimônio da pessoa. Utilizou-se os métodos das regras de evidência, análise e síntese para demonstrar a ausência da aparente unanimidade sobre as características do direito à imagem. A casuística, a jurisprudência e os paradigmas de direito estrangeiro foram elementos adicionais para ilustrar a hipótese. Resultado: Os resultados obtidos foram a identificação dos limites do direito à imagem, os princípios que devem se aplicados às relações jurídicas de que seja objeto, uma proposta de revisão do art. 20 do Código Civil brasileiro e da Súmula 403 do Superior Tribunal de Justiça

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:27:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mara Weber.pdf: 507096 bytes, checksum: 67f983de01cc632835cd2bba1f38e3e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-06 / This study had, as a general objective, the understanding of how the relation between a Children s Education public school and the Tutelary Council happens, in cases of domestic violence. In a more specific way, it intended to understand how the school s management and the school s supervisor from a municipal instance of support for the educational unit work on domestic violence notifications against their students; to perceive how the domestic violence cases are analysed by the Tutelary Council and know the perception of the school s psychologist s role in this process for the school, the school s supervisor and the Tutelary Council, besides having the view of an area s professional. Semi-structured interviews were had and a protocol of promptuary analysis in the Tutelary Council was composed by using a qualitative methodology. Considering the thematic one of the domestic violence in the understanding of the relations between different systems, we use the Urie Bronfenbrenner s ecological approach as well as the Children s Rights, as one legal apparatus that guides and supports action in this area. The results showed the difficulties in the relations among the many agencies and also indicated that the procedures not always guarantee the child s protection against the domestic violence. There is little intermeshing of the school and the Tutelary Council. Therefore there is not a preventive and integrated work marked by aids after the establishment of certain situations. The school adopts internal registration procedures without denouncing to the Tutelary Council due to the fact that it does not believe that the accusation will protect the child or the accuser. The Tutelary Council seeks for support in other agencies when there is domestic sexual violence suspicion and in confirmed cases, it immediately aims for protecting the child from his or her aggressor. Failures of the psychologist s formation in working on domestic violence, in addition to difficulties in placing this professional in the public institutions, specially the school, were noticed. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral compreender como acontece a rela??o entre uma escola p?blica de educa??o infantil e o Conselho Tutelar em casos de viol?ncia dom?stica. De maneira mais espec?fica pretendeu-se entender como a dire??o da escola e a supervisora escolar, lotada em uma inst?ncia municipal de suporte ? unidade educacional, trabalham com as notifica??es de viol?ncia dom?stica contra seus alunos; compreender como casos de viol?ncia dom?stica s?o analisados pelo Conselho Tutelar e conhecer a percep??o do papel do psic?logo escolar, ao longo deste processo, para a escola, para a supervisora escolar e para o Conselho Tutelar, al?m de termos uma vis?o de uma profissional da ?rea. Utilizamos uma metodologia qualitativa, na qual realizamos entrevistas semi-estruturadas e compusemos um protocolo de an?lise dos prontu?rios no Conselho Tutelar. Considerando a tem?tica da viol?ncia dom?stica na compreens?o das rela??es entre diferentes sistemas, utilizamos a abordagem ecol?gica de Urie Bronfenbrenner, al?m do Estatuto da Crian?a e do Adolescente, como um dispositivo legal que orienta e sustenta a??es nesta ?rea. Os resultados indicaram que existem dificuldades nas rela??es entre os diferentes ?rg?os e os procedimentos nem sempre garantem a prote??o ? crian?a v?tima de viol?ncia dom?stica. H? pouco entrosamento entre a escola e o CT, n?o existindo um trabalho preventivo e integrado, marcado por aux?lios ap?s a instaura??o de certas situa??es. A escola adota procedimentos internos de registro, sem denunciar ao CT por n?o confiar que a den?ncia ir? proteger ? crian?a ou o denunciante. O CT busca apoio em outros ?rg?os quando existe a suspeita de viol?ncia sexual dom?stica e nos casos confirmados procura imediatamente proteger a crian?a do agressor. Foram apontadas falhas na forma??o do psic?logo para trabalhar com a viol?ncia dom?stica e dificuldades da inser??o deste profissional nos equipamentos p?blicos, em especial, a escola.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:30:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carmem Lucia Sussel Mariano.pdf: 18974824 bytes, checksum: 04d0c2a29777bec2f4f1d56ae57a7607 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This doctoral thesis belongs to the production of Center of Studies of Gender, Race and Age (Núcleo de Estudos de Gênero, Raça e Idade - NEGRI) of the postgraduate studies program in Social Psyhcology from the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP), with the study of the treatment given by Folha de São Paulo newspaper related to contemporaneous legal milestones that establishes rights for children and teenagers: the International Convention on the rights of the Child, from 1989, the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 and the Statute of Children and Teenager (Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente), from 1990. The interpretation of Folha s production about these legal milestones is based on national and international academic literature about children and teenager s rights and in 460 journalistic articles, covering the period of 1985 to 2006. Our objective was to propose an interpretation of Folha s treatment to contemporaneous legal milestones based on the concept of ideology proposed by John B. Thompson and the theory of Childhood Social Studies and about the construction of social problems. From a methodology standpoint, this thesis adopted the method developed by Thompson, the hermeneutics of depth, and the content analysis, according to Bardin and Rosenberg s proposal. Based on these studies, we have suggested that Folha s treatment to childhood s legal milestones helped to produce and sustain relationships of domination of adults over children and teenagers, creating on this sense an ideological production. Folha s production about legal milestones, even though in significant quantity, specially related to Statute of Children and Teenager, was seldom focused on informing its readers, prevailing a dramatic narrative e approached, preferably, subjects related to violence, to crime, to risky situation and to deviation / Esta tese integra-se à produção do Núcleo de Estudos de Gênero, Raça e Idade (NEGRI) do Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Psicologia Social da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP), com o estudo do tratamento dado pelo jornal Folha de S. Paulo aos marcos legais contemporâneos que instituem direitos para crianças e adolescentes: a Convenção Internacional sobre os Direitos da Criança, de 1989, a Constituição Federal de 1988 e o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), de 1990. A interpretação da produção da Folha sobre esses marcos legais baseou-se na literatura acadêmica nacional e internacional sobre os direitos da criança e do adolescente e em 460 peças jornalísticas coletadas, produzidas entre 1985 e 2006. Nosso objetivo foi propor uma interpretação do tratamento dado pela Folha de S. Paulo aos marcos legais contemporâneos da infância, à luz do conceito de ideologia proposto por John B. Thompson e dos pressupostos teóricos dos campos de Estudos Sociais da Infância e sobre a construção de problemas sociais. No plano metodológico, esta tese adotou o método preconizado por Thompson, a hermenêutica de profundidade, e a análise de conteúdo, conforme proposta por Bardin e Rosemberg. A partir desses aportes, sugerimos que o tratamento da Folha aos marcos legais da infância ajudou a produzir e sustentar relações de dominação de adultos sobre crianças e adolescentes, constituindo, nesse sentido, uma produção ideológica. A produção da Folha sobre os marcos legais, embora de grande volume, em especial em relação ao ECA, pouco se destinou a informar seus leitores. Apreendemos no tratamento dado aos marcos legais o predomínio uma retórica dramática e uma abordagem de temas associados à violência, ao crime, à situação de risco ou ao desvio

[pt] Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar as medidas de proteção aplicadas em casos de abuso sexual no I Conselho Tutelar de Duque de Caxias e sua relação com a garantia de direitos de crianças e adolescentes. Para tal, realizou-se uma pesquisa documental a partir dos registros em prontuários de 24 (vinte e quatro) casos iniciados em 2014, que continham a tipificação de violação caracterizada como abuso sexual. Buscou-se acompanhar os desdobramentos das medidas de proteção, o caminho percorrido pelos envolvidos desde a denúncia ou notificação, com ênfase no contexto de proteção versus violação dos direitos das alegadas vítimas e seus familiares, a partir da contrarreferência dos demais segmentos do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos de Crianças e Adolescentes (SGD), materializada em documentos enviados ao Conselho Tutelar. A análise dos dados indica a necessidade de qualificação de profissionais que atuam no SGD para melhor sistematização dos registros, bem como estabelecimento e efetivação de um fluxo a ser seguido em casos de abuso sexual de crianças e adolescentes. Permite ainda concluir que a comunicação recíproca entre os segmentos que integram o SGD – referência e contrarreferência – concorre para redução das fragilidades no atendimento e da ocorrência de revitimização, fortalecendo a atuação em rede na busca da garantia de direitos. / [en] This research has for objective to analyze the applied protective measures in cases of sexual abuse in the I Guardian Council of Duque de Caxias and its relation ship with the warranty of children and adolescent s rights. For such purpose, It was conducted a documental research starting from the registrations in handbooks of 26 (twenty-six) initiate cases in 2014, that contained the violation s typification characterizedas sexual abuse. It was sought to accompany the unfoldings of the protection measures, the way traveled for the involved since the accusation or notification, withem phasis in the contexto protection versus violation of theal legedvictims right sand their relatives, starting from the counterreference of the other segmentsofthe System of Warranty of Children and Adolescent s rights (SGDCA), materialized in documents sentto Guardian Council. The analysis of the data indicates the need of professionals qualification that act in SGD for better systemization of the registrations, as well as establishment and efetivation of a flow to befollowed in cases of children s sexual abuse and adolescents. It stills allow stoend that the reciprocal communication among the segments that integrate SGD – reference and counterreference - it competes for reduction of the fragilities in the servisse and of the revictimization occurrence, streng thening the performance in net in the search of the warranty of rights.

The world has seen gradual evolution of regional human rights arrangements. The adoption by the UN General Assembly of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on December 10, 1948, was followed by the creation of numerous regional instruments that address concerns of particular importance in the regional context. Three world regions, Africa, the Americas and Europe, have established their respective regional instruments together with the supervisory mechanism, such as commissions and courts. The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, with its emphasis on group rights and individual duties challenges the Western liberal account of rights, as expressed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The cultural differences brought to the fore not only the tension between individual and group rights but also the question as to whether of the universalism of human rights is possible. The study advocates for a moderate universalism of human rights, which can only be achieved through a dialogue among different cultural approaches to the notion of human rights. This study examines the content and substance of human rights norms of the African system with a view to recommending the possible strategies for their reform. Its central thesis is, the system is rather weak and therefore needs to be reformed. Toward this end, the study analyses the provisions of the African Charter. Thereafter, it explores its weaknesses and proposes strategies for their reform. The African human rights mechanisms face a number of common and particular challenges. Prospectively, Africa is going through a tremendous and interesting phase. These challenges are not insurmountable. / Constitutional, International and Indigenous Law / LL.D.