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Die Arbeit untersucht im Rahmen einer kulturanalytischen Medienlinguistik mit vier Einzelfallstudien exemplarisch das wissenschaftliche Bloggen deutschsprechender Soziolog_innen. Dafür sind zwei Leitfragen zentral: (1) Welche Konturen der Praktik innerwissenschaftlichen Bloggens lassen sich aktuell nachzeichnen? (2) Wie konkretisiert sich eristisches Handeln als wesentliches Strukturkennzeichen der Praxis interner Wissenschaftskommunikation im Rahmen dieser Praktik? Den Ausgangspunkt bilden theoretische, begriffliche und methodologische Klärungen. Mit einem konsequent medienlinguistischen Ansatz wird deshalb zunächst ein erkenntnistheoretischer Standpunkt herausgearbeitet. Für die empirische Analyse wird dann der Forschungsstand zu historischen und rezenten Entwicklungen in der Wissenschaftskommunikation sowie zu ihrer Konzeptualisierung gesichtet und diskutiert: Dabei kommt es zu einer grundlegenden Problematisierung und prozessbezogenen Rekonzeptualisierung des medienlinguistischen Kommunikationsformenbegriffs ebenso wie des Eristikbegriffs der Wissenschaftssprachenforschung. Die Ergebnisse der vier Einzelfallstudien erhellen das Bloggen der deutschsprachigen Soziologie in seinen infrastrukturellen, sozialisatorischen, ethnotheoretischen und nicht zuletzt sprachlich-kommunikativen Dimensionen umfangreich. Sie zeichnen das Bild einer im Interim befindlichen Praktik. Diese entwickelt sich im Spannungsfeld zwischen den Normen interner Wissenschaftskommunikation und der medialen Spezifik von Weblogs. Dies führt unweigerlich zu Konflikten. Die unterschiedlichen Strategien ihrer Bewältigung führen im Effekt zu je unterschiedlichen Verortungen des Bloggens im kommunikativen Haushalt der Wissenschaft. / This study examines a relatively recent phenomenon, the practice of scholarly blogging, with regards to its eristic dimension which is conceived as an overarching characteristic of all scholarly communication. In order to do so, the practice of scholarly blogging itself has to be explored first: What are the essential characteristics of scholarly blogging? What linguistic means are used to serve the eristic purposes in said practice? To answer these key questions, the scholarly blogging of German-speaking sociologists is examined in four case studies. Theoretical, conceptual, and methodological considerations situate this study in culture-analytical media linguistics: An according epistemological perspective is developed. In preparation of the empirical analyses, the stand of research regarding historical and recent developments as well as the common conceptualizations of scholarly communication are then examined and discussed. The notion of communication form, central to German media linguistics, is consequently scrutinized and re-conceptualized as process rather than structure, as well as the notion of eristics, central to German linguistics of scholarly communications. The findings of the four case studies shed light upon blogging of German-speaking sociologists in the following dimensions: regarding media infrastructure, processes of socialization, conflicting ethnotheories, and, most importantly, linguistic means for eristic purposes. The case studies show a practice currently evolving, in tension between the norms of scholarly communication and the specific mediality of the communication form weblog. Which inevitably prompts conflicts: The different strategies of coping with these conflicts effectively place blogs on different positions in the communicative household of academia.

In this study an attempt was made to explore the challenges with regard to publications experienced by academic women at three selected Historically Black Universities (HBUs). Although based predominantly within a feminist qualitative metholodogical framework, both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used in this study. Based on the findings of the study, the recommendations illustrated participants' responses. Some of the recommendations illustrated participants' expressed need of staff development with a specific focus on training in publication skills / mentoring and support networks / assistance and support for their publishing venture at both institutional and departmental level and the development of strategies that would assist academic women in 'juggling' their personal and academic roles.

This thesis contains an edition of the Swedish Hebraist Andreas Norrelius’ (1679-1749) Latin translation, Illuminatio oculorum (1749), of the converted rabbi Johan Kemper’s (1670-1716) Hebrew commentary on Matthew, Me’irat ‘Enayim (1703). The dissertation is divided into three parts. The focus lies on the introduction, which concentrates on issues of language and style. Andreas Norrelius’ Latin usage is elucidated on its orthographical, morphological, syntactic, lexical and stylistic levels. The features are demonstrated to be typical of scholarly Neo-Latin: Through a broad comparative synchronic approach, conspicuous linguistic phenomena are taken as points of departure for the exploration of scholarly Latin prose in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, especially the vocabulary and phraseology of philological, theological, and exegetical discourse. An intellectual historical background is outlined that places the ambitions and the achievements of the author and the translator as well as the texts used for comparison in their scholarly and cultural setting against a general European and specific Swedish background. Furthermore, the introduction deals with various questions relating to translation techniques and strategies. In particular, the method for the translation of biblical passages is analysed and put in relation to the humanistic Latin Bible translations. Moreover, the life and work of Johan Kemper is described in the light of all historical sources available. The life of Andreas Norrelius is also portrayed, and the questions about the date and authorship of the Latin translation are thoroughly addressed. The second part contains the editio princeps of the Latin translation. Andreas Norrelius’ own prolegomena about Kemper’s early life has been made accessible as well. The third part provides a philological commentary focused on the explanation of specific linguistic and exegetical questions in the text edited.

A história do livro didático brasileiro é recuperada neste trabalho no período correspondente à instalação do Estado Nacional, juntamente com a criação das escolas públicas elementares e secundárias, até a primeira década do século atual, com as propostas de ampliação da rede escolar do regime republicano. Nesta trajetória, acompanhamos a construção do saber escolar organizado pelo poder educacional, dividido entre o Estado civil e a Igreja Católica. Em meio às disputas entre os dois setores, o livro escolar desempenhava um papel fundamental na concretização dos projetos educacionais de ambas as tendências. O livro didático foi se transformando em uma importante mercadoria das empresas editoriais que se aliaram ao Estado na divulgação dessa produção cultural que tendia a se ampliar. O saber escolar contido no livro didático é analisado pelas disciplinas História Geral e do Brasil, desvendando o processo de transposição do saber erudito para o saber a ser ensinado. Dentro dessa problemática, situamos o papel dos autores dos livros didáticos de História e o \"lugar\" de sua produção. A partir da confecção do livro didático, na qual pudemos identificar os inúmeros agentes que interferiam em sua composição, buscamos identificar como este objeto cultural era usado por professores e alunos nos diferentes espaços escolares, detectando as questões que envolveram o processo de ensino e aprendizagem do período. / The history of the Brazilian textbook, in this research, is presented from the constitution of the National State, with the creation of public schools until the first decade of the twentieth century, with the expansion of schools under the republican regime. In this trajectory, we follow the construction of school knowledge organized by the educational power, divided between the civil state and the Catholic Church. The textbook, amid the disputes between the civil and religious powers, came to occupy a fundamental place in the realization of the educational projects of both tendencies. The research then presents the growth of the production of the school book and its transformation into an important commodity for the publishing companies that allied themselves with the policies of the State in the spreading of a cultural production that tended to expand. The textbook, in a second part of the research, is analyzed by the construction of school discipline. It selects, as a case study, the books of History of Brazil and of Universal History in the process of articulation carried out by the authors between historical and erudite religious knowledge in the production of historical school content. From the process of making the textbook and its different agents, the third part of the research presents how this cultural object was used by teachers and students in different school spaces, identifying the problems that involved the teaching and learning process of this period.

Zwei Innovationen innerhalb von Open Science werden in dieser Dissertation untersucht: Open Access und der Umgang mit Forschungsdaten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen ein positives Meinungsbild gegenüber beiden Innovationen, was sich allerdings nicht in einer übergreifenden Umsetzung in der Wissenschaft niederschlägt. Die disziplinären Unterschiede sind markant. Es lassen sich aber übergeordnete Ebenen herausarbeiten: Soziologische, technische & infrastrukturelle, sowie strategische & monetäre Aspekte gehören hierzu, wobei starke Interdependenzen zu verorten sind. Traditionell werden Qualität und Prestige von veröffentlichten wissenschaftlichen Ergebnissen als Maßgabe für die Reputation eines Wissenschaftlers angesehen, was klar in den Resultaten dieser Arbeit reflektiert ist. Sie präferieren die Nutzung von Publikationsorganen und Arbeitsabläufen, die in der Fachgemeinschaft etabliert sind. Daraus folgt ein zögerlicher Umgang mit Innovationen, z.B. dem offenem Zugang zu Forschungsdaten, wo es nur wenige etablierte Abläufe gibt. In der Diskussion dieser Arbeit wird die Notwendigkeit einer Verbindung zu heutigen Anreizsystemen und damit den Evaluierungssystemen in der Wissenschaft herausgestellt. Neue Strategien diesbezüglich sind im Aufbau, z.B. mit “zählbaren” Publikationen und Zitationen für Forschungsdaten. Die Kernthemen wurden in der Fallstudie der Hochenergiephysik genauer untersucht. Eine digitale Bibliothek erlaubte dort die praktische Implementierung von Open Science Werkzeugen. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen das Potential: mit gezielten Diensten und Anreizen können Wissenschaftler für Open Science gewonnen werden; in diesem Fall zur Teilnahme in einem Crowdsourcingprojekt der digitalen Bibliothek und zur Umsetzung von „data sharing“. Dem Informationsmanagement kommt dabei eine neue Rolle zu, insbesondere bei einer engen Betreuung von Wissenschaftlern im digitalen Forschungsumfeld. Das kann parallel für die Serviceentwicklung und –begleitung genutzt werden. / Two major Open Science innovations, Open Access and research data sharing, have been studied in detail in this thesis. A large-scale survey and personal interviews are used to gain detailed insights from a range of disciplines. In addition, a case study in the High Energy Physics (HEP) community was used to study the results in practice. The results show that a rather positive attitude towards both, Open Access and research data sharing is not reflected in the researchers’ practices. Disciplinary differences prevail and relate to the different publishing cultures and research workflows. The results indicate that quality and prestige of research output are perceived as very important in determining a researcher’s reputation. Researchers prefer community-approved publication outlets. They hesitate to explore new innovations, such as data sharing, for which only few established workflows exist in digital scholarly communication. Interviewees highlight the significance of a (missing) link between such approaches on the one hand and the current incentive system and the research assessment schemes on the other. The results indicate that barriers can be overcome. In the case study, a strong collaboration with the community facilitated enhanced feedback loops to develop tailored and targeted services for Open Science. Researchers in the case study were successfully engaged in new innovative workflows: a crowdsourcing tool and data sharing in a digital library. The results highlight that opportunities of Open Science are not yet explored widely. But with targeted support, it is possible to build on best practices and develop strategies that engage communities in new innovations. The results furthermore demand new strategies to establish links from Open Science services to the academic incentive system. It is needed to revisit the current research assessment scheme in regard to potential support mechanisms for Open Science.

The aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting the adoption of open access in research activities within Tanzanian public universities in order to device mechanisms of enhancing the use of this mode of scholarly communication. The study adopted the UTAUT model to formulate an open access research model comprising of six constructs and five moderators for guidance of this investigation. A triangulation approach for data gathering was adopted. In the first instance, a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 398 respondents selected using the stratified random sampling from a population of 1088 university researchers from six public universities in Tanzania. The interview involving 63 policy makers and structured records review were also conducted to complement the questionnaire survey. The descriptive and binary logistic regression statistics of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) were used for data analysis. The study established that majority of the policy makers (90.5%) and researchers (72.1%) were aware of open access. Attitude, awareness, effort expectancy, and performance expectancy were established as the key determinants for researchers’ behavioural intention of open access usage while age, awareness, behavioural intention, facilitating conditions and social influence were found to significantly affect researchers’ actual usage of open access. It was concluded that researchers’ and policy makers’ general perceptions about open access were very positive signifying the acceptance of this mode of scholarly communication in the study area. Current poor research conditions and researchers’ low Internet self-efficacy such as inadequate information search and online publishing skills were cited as the main hindrances for researchers to use open access in scholarly communication. The study recommends institutionalisation of open access publishing in Tanzanian public universities and other similar research institutions so as to improve the dissemination of research output emanating from such institutions. Six areas for further research to establish more insights regarding the feasibility for open access development in the country are also recommended. / Information Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Information Science)

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Mit der Sonderausgabe des Newsletters 2/2006 möchte die Universitätsbibliothek ergänzend zum Rundschreiben des Rektors 02/2006 den Angehörigen der TU Chemnitz weitere Informationen zum Thema Open Access (OA) geben. Die Universitätsbibliothek begrüßt den Beschluß von Rektorat und Senat zur Unterstützung von Open Acces an der TU Chemnitz mit dem Wortlaut - Rektorat und Senat der TU Chemnitz fordern die Autoren der Universität nachdrücklich auf, ihre wissenschaftlichen Publikationen als Pre- oder Postprintversion, soweit rechtliche Bedenken der Verlage nicht entgegenstehen, auf dem Publikationsserver MONARCH der TU Chemnitz abzulegen. - Rektorat und Senat ermutigen die Wissenschaftler der TU Chemnitz, in bestehenden Open-Access-Zeitschriften zu publizieren. Gerade die Bibliothek der TU Chemnitz als Dienstleister für Wissenschaftler und Studierende hat die Auswirkungen der Zeitschriftenkrise bitter zu spüren bekommen. Eine drastische Reduzierung des Zeitschriftenbestandes seit Mitte der 90er Jahre ist die Folge. Schon lange beklagen die Wissenschaftler diese Situation. Die Universitätsbibliothek ist der Auffassung, dass langfristig und durch eine weltweite Unterstützung von Open Access diese Entwicklung korrigiert und die Krise im System der wissenschaftlichen Kommunikation überwunden werden kann. Die Etablierung des "Prinzips des offenen Zugangs" setzt jedoch die aktive Beteiligung jedes einzelnen Produzenten von wissenschaftlicher Information voraus. Entscheidend für die erfolgreiche Umsetzung der geplanten Open Access Aktivitäten an der TU Chemnitz ist die Akzeptanz unter den Wissenschaftlern und vor allem deren aktive Unterstützung. / This is a special issue of the library's newsletter. In addition to the rector-circular 02/2006 we would like to give you further information about open access publishing at our university. The library welcomes the joint resolution recently made by the university's rectorate and its senate to support open access publishing at Chemnitz University of Technology. - Rectorate and Senate of Chemnitz University of Technology invite the authors to publish their scientific works as pre- or postprintversion in MONARCH, under attention of the copyright. - Rectorate and Senate encourage the scientists to publish in open access journals. The library as a service provider for scientists and students is confronted with the effects of journal crisis. A dramatically reduction of acquired journal titles is the result. The university library is in the conviction that a long-term and world-wide support of Open Access can corrected and negotiate this development. Therefore is the activity of each individual producer of scientific information important. The acceptance and assistance from our authors is the base for transposition Open Access to the Chemnitz University of Technology.

The pandemic of HIV/AIDS has been felt by nations throughout the world. It is a well-known fact that the AIDS epidemic is catastrophic in sub Saharan Africa, which heads the list of the most affected regions. As the epidemic imposes a strain on the already limited resources, a better understanding of the disease is continuously being sought out. This understanding is enhanced with better information dissemination. The present research aims to assist the information requirements of HIV/AIDS researchers in the country through a bibliometric study. The present study comprised an investigation of the patterns of authorship and publications of academic institutions in the sciences, medical institutions and affiliated organizations in South Africa, focusing on HIV/AIDS literature for the two decade period, 1982-2002. Published literature in the sciences and medicine from three internationally recognised databases were used for the assessment. They were: AIDSearch, lSI Science Citation Index Expanded and MEDLINE (OVID). A total of 2 281 documents formed the basis for the assessment. The results of the study are presented, as are their consequences for researchers and policy makers. Some recommendations are provided for the developers and designers of databases. The results of the study demonstrate exponential growth in the literature as might be expected. Because of the multidisciplinary nature of the disease, research is scattered in a variety of discipline-based journals. Researchers publish mainly in journals and the South African Medical Journal is the most productive in the field of HIV/AIDS. Collaboration in research on the subject is evident. The results also demonstrate that South African researchers are fast becoming internationally recognized in the field of HIV/AIDS research. The Medical Research Council emerged as the leader in South Africa's research efforts on HIV/AIDS. Of the academic institutions, the University of the Witwatersrand is the most productive institution, followed by the University of Natal. / Thesis (M.I.S.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2003.