The essay at hand is a New Historicist reading of C. S. Lewis’ dystopian fantasy novel That Hideous Strength. According to New Historicist theory it is informed by many disciplines, namely, philosophy, history, literary theory, theology, social science, and psychology, and it attempts to lessen injustices of race and class. The essay examines how satire operates in the novel, focusing on its societal targets: totalitarianism, laboratory animals, and education. Lewis’ philosophical idea expressed in his “The Abolition of Man” – that a society that averts from what he calls universal, timeless, objective values will eventually lead to a loss of that which is truly humane – is a main theme of the novel as well as for this essay. Another, complementary, main theme is that a cultivation of the heart is necessary for individuals of society since childhood if society is going to stay humane.

In Songs of Innocence and of Experience William Blake contrasts childhood and adulthood. This essay relates this to another prominent social issue in the collection, colonialism. This essay aims at answering the question of what happens when the child is black rather than white. By providing an analysis of how children in general are portrayed, followed up with a brief discussion of how Blake deals with colonial issues this essay sets the stage for a final concluding discussion about what happens when the two themes of childhood and colonialism meet. The discussion reveals that Blake is using irony to ridicule the contemporary polarized meanings of the words “black” and “white”. By doing this Blake makes the little black boy in “The Little Black Boy” the perfect symbol for criticising the contemporary issues of child abuse and colonialism in one single piece of poetry. / I Songs of Innocence and of Experience visar William Blake på motsättningarna mellan barndom och de vuxnas värld. Denna uppsats kopplar detta tema till kolonialism, en annan framstående social fråga som behandlas i diktsamlingen. Syftet med denna uppsats är att besvara frågan om vad skillnaden blir när det är ett svart barn istället för ett vitt som framställs i dikterna. Genom att först analysera hur barn i allmänhet framställs, följt av en kort diskussion om hur Blake hanterar problemet med kolonialismen leder denna uppsats fram till en avslutande diskussion kring vad som händer när två stora teman som barndom och kolonialism möts. Den avslutande diskussionen framhäver att genom Blakes användande av ironi så gör han den samtida polariseringen av orden ”svart” och ”vit” till åtlöje. Den svarta pojken i ”The Little Black Boy” blir Blakes perfekta symbol för att kritisera de samtida frågorna kring barns utsatthet och kolonialism i en och samma dikt.

This study intends to analyze the many different conections between music and literature that exist in the works of the brazilian writer Erico Verissimo. Music acquired a diversity of uses in his work, as a vehicle for social criticism, as long as the psychological portrait of characters. The desire to expand the conections between music and literature led the writer to search for interfaces between the areas, and the use of the counterpoint technique, in a personal approach, has developed new uses for it. Also the faith in better days for humanity led him to use music as a vehicle to humanism in his literary works. / Esta tese se propõe a analisar o papel desempenhado pela música na obra do escritor Erico Versissimo. A diversidade de usos que ela adquiriu ao longo da carreira do escritor, e o espaço que ocupa dentro de sua obra são objetos deste estudo. A música como veículo para a crítica social, assim como para a caracterização psicológica de personagens, de cidades e situações. O desejo de expandir as conexões entre a música e a literatura levou o escritor à busca de interfaces entre as duas áreas, e à utilização da técnica do contraponto, que ele desenvolveu numa abordagem pessoal e à qual deu novos usos e possibilidades. Também a fé que o escritor possuía em dias melhores para a humanidade proporciona outro tipo de análise, do uso da música como veículo para a expressão do humanismo em sua obra.

Ce mémoire s’intéresse au genre littéraire de l’audience, ou lodyans en créole, par la traversée d’un corpus de textes brefs d’écrivains haïtiens contemporains, Gary Victor et Verly Dabel. Ces deux auteurs populaires, dont les œuvres nous éclairent sur les torts sociopolitiques de leur société, vivent et écrivent en Haïti. Ils s’inspirent d’une « oraliture » locale tout en reprenant la tradition écrite des lodyanseurs ou (audienciers), sciemment initiée par Justin Lhérisson au début du XXe siècle. Par une analyse des récits brefs de Victor et de Dabel (lesquels totalisent vingt publications en recueils pour le premier, et quatre pour le second), nous constatons que le genre jusqu’ici nébuleux de la lodyans répond à des critères spécifiques déjà en partie suggérés par la critique (Anglade, Ndiaye), mais méritant à la fois une démonstration détaillée et un travail de synthèse. En plus d’accorder un intérêt justifié à ce corpus peu commenté de Gary Victor et Verly Dabel, cette recherche affirme donc que la lodyans est un genre dynamique possédant ses propres codes formels et thématiques. La première partie permet au lecteur non familier de la lodyans de comprendre de quoi il s’agit, en retraçant l’histoire de ce genre littéraire et en proposant des éléments de définition et de compréhension de cet art né de la parole, mais ayant été adapté à l’écrit. Les trois autres parties se destinent à une interprétation du corpus à la lumière du genre de la lodyans. Ainsi, le deuxième chapitre est consacré à une analyse principalement structurelle, c’est-à-dire un examen de la manière de conter particulière aux lodyanseurs Victor et Dabel ; le troisième chapitre illustre la thématique privilégiée du genre, soit le face-à-face inégal entre des personnages puissants et des personnages démunis réussissant tout de même à se tirer d’affaire ; enfin, le dernier chapitre interroge la fonction ambiguë du surnaturel (dont la présence est attestée par des éléments fantastiques et merveilleux issus du vaudou et des croyances populaires) dans les récits – ces derniers s’avérant génériquement très hybrides, moins typiquement réalistes que ceux de leurs prédécesseurs. En somme, cette recherche pose la lodyans comme un type spécifique de narration faisant une critique sociale voilée d'humour – une œuvre « miniature » culturellement emblématique, située entre le conte et la nouvelle dans l'échelle traditionnelle des genres en Occident –, et vise à montrer la richesse et la pertinence d’un pan de la littérature haïtienne qui a longtemps été occulté par les savants. / This thesis focuses on the literary genre of lodyans ("audience" in French), through a study of short texts by two contemporary Haitian writers, Gary Victor and Verly Dabel. These popular authors, whose works shed light on the sociopolitical wrongs of their society, are living and writing in Haiti. They are inspired by a local "oraliture" as they renew the written tradition of lodyansè (audienciers) initiated by Justin Lhérisson at the beginning of the 20th century. Through an analysis of Victor’s and Dabel’s short works (numbering twenty collections for the first, and four for the latter), we will see that the hitherto underexamined genre of lodyans meets specific criteria already partly suggested by criticism (Anglade, Ndiaye) but also calls for further critical demonstration and refinement. Through substantial readings of Gary Victor and Verly Dabel's short stories, works which have largely been overlooked by scholarship thus far, this thesis asserts that lodyans is a dynamic genre with its own formal and thematic codes. The first part of the thesis allows readers unfamiliar with lodyans to acquaint themselves with its development and mechanics, by outlining the history of this literary genre and by proposing a definition and theorization of this art of speech as it has been adapted to written forms. The other three parts feature an interpretation of the corpus in light of the genre of lodyans. Thus, the second chapter is devoted to a mainly structural analysis, through an examination of the particular way in which lodyansè Victor and Dabel tell their stories ; the third chapter illustrates the privileged theme of the genre, the unequal face-to-face contact between powerful characters and poor people who manage to get by; and finally, the last chapter questions the ambiguous function of the supernatural (attested by the presence of fantastic and magical elements derived from voodoo and popular superstitions) in the stories – the latter proving to be generically very hybrid and less typically realistic than those of their predecessors lodyansè. This research situates lodyans as a specific type of narrative, leveraging a social criticism that is veiled with humor – a culturally emblematic "miniature" work situated between the tale and the short-story in the traditional scale of genres in the West – and aims to show the richness and relevance of a section of Haitian literature that has long been underexamined by scholars. / Tèz sa a chita sou fòm (jan) literè ki rele odyans lan, atravè yon pakèt istwa kout ki soti anba plim 2 ekriven ayisyen kontanporen, Gary Victor ak Verly Dabel. De otè popilè sa yo, k ap viv epi k ap ekri an Ayiti louvri je nan liv yo ekri yo sou enjistis sosyopolitik ki gen nan sosyete yo a. Otè yo enspire de yon "oraliti " lokal nan reprann yo reprann tradisyon ekri Justin Lhérisson te inisye odyansè yo esprè nan kòmansman 20yèm syèk la. Avèk yon analiz kèk ti istwa kout Victor ak Dabel (ki totalize ven piblikasyon liv nan premye koleksyon an, epi kat pou dezyèm lan), nou wè jiskaprezan fòm flou ki nan lodyans la satisfè an pati kritè espesyal Kritik (Anglade, Ndiaye) sigjere yo, men yo merite an menm tan yon demonstrasyon detaye ak yon travay sentèz. Anplis enterè byen merite rechèch sa a bay tèks Gary Victor ak Valery yo kote moun pa twò kòmante yo, rechèch la montre lodyans lan se yon jan dinamik ki gen pwòp kòd fòmèl ak tematik li. Premye pati a pèmèt lektè ki pa abitye ak fòm sa ki rele lodyans lan, konprann sa li ye, nan retrase li retrase istwa fòm literè sa a epi nan pwopoze li pwopoze kèk eleman definisyon ak konpreyansyon fòm atistik sa a ki soti nan lapawòl, men yo adopte li alekri. Lòt twa pati yo tabli sou yon entèpretasyon nan tèks yo selon fòm lodyans la. Se konsa, dezyèm chapit la chita sou yon analiz sitou estriktirèl, ki vle di yon egzamen sou fason an patikilye lodyansè Victor ak Dabel rakonte istwa. Twazyèm chapit la montre tematik privilejye ki gen nan fòm nan, tankou fas a fas miwo miba ant karaktè pwisan ak karaktè pòv kote yo toujou rive jwenn yon mannyè kanmenm pou yo retire tèt yo nan sitiyasyon an. Finalman, dènye chapit la poze kesyon sou fonksyon flou ki gen nan sinatirèl la (kote prezans yon pakèt kokenn chenn eleman ak bèl bagay ki sòti nan vodou ak nan kwayans popilè a montre sa) nan istwa yo – bagay sa yo pwouve yo jeneralman trè melanje epi yo pa esansyèlman pi reyalis pase sila yo ki te la avan yo. An rezime, rechèch sa a poze lodyans la kòm yon kalite naratif espesyal ki fè yon kritik sosyal anbachal ak plezantri – yon zèv « tou zuit » kiltirèlman anblematik ki chita kò li ant kont krik krak ak nouvèl nan echèl tradisyonèl estil peyi oksidantal yo –, epi nan objektif pou montre aklè tout richès ak enpòtans yon seksyon nan literati ayisyen entèlektyèl yo te kite sou kote depi lontan.

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objeto de estudio a la caricatura y la comunicación de crítica social. Se plantea como objetivo general analizar los elementos de representación gráfica y las funciones de la narrativa visual en los personajes de las series animadas dirigidas al público adulto mayores de dieciocho (18) años, para comunicar contenidos de crítica social. La indagación parte de la hipótesis de que la caricatura es una herramienta de comunicación gráfica relacionada al diseño de personajes que contrarresta la compleja información de crítica que se emite en series animadas. En cuanto a la metodología de la investigación, es de carácter descriptivo y parte del análisis de dos series animadas que comparten el mismo target, pero con distinta temporalidad de realización como South Park (1997 en emisión televisiva) y Big Mouth (2017 en emisión streaming), con la finalidad de comparar atributos gráficos y narrativos, que permitan corroborar la existencia de similitud y tendencia de estructura comunicativa. Entre los principales resultados obtenidos en la ficha descriptiva de diseño se evidenció la repetición de arquetipos del personaje y la relación entre la representación visual, conformada por las características físicas, la representación narrativa, basada en el rol que desempeña. Ambos como producto construyen la personificación que busca tener similitudes con el espectador y la realidad que lo rodea. De esta manera, se concluye que la construcción de un personaje para realizar crítica social cuenta con un trasfondo previo a su realización gráfica. Los personajes tienen el propósito de ser el reflejo de la sociedad en sus distintos puntos de vista, para vincular la realidad con los temas desarrollados y satirizarlos para finalmente amenizar un mensaje conciso que lleve al espectador a la intriga, atención y reflexión. / The research work has as object of study the caricature and the communication of social criticism. The general objective is to analyze the elements of graphic representation and the functions of visual narrative in the characters of animated series aimed at adult audiences over eighteen (18) years of age, to communicate content of social criticism. The investigation starts from the hypothesis that the cartoon is a graphic communication tool related to character design that counteracts the complex critical information that is emitted in animated series. As for the research methodology, it is descriptive and part of the analysis of two animated series that share the same target, but with different timing, such as South Park (1997 on television broadcast) and Big Mouth (2017 on streaming broadcast ), in order to compare graphic and narrative attributes, which allow corroborating the existence of similarity and tendency of the communicative structure. Among the main results obtained in the descriptive design sheet, the repetition of archetypes of the character and the relationship between the visual representation, made up of physical characteristics, and the narrative representation, based on the role it plays, was evidenced. Both as a product build the personification that seeks to have similarities with the viewer and the reality that surrounds him. In this way, it is concluded that the construction of a character to perform social criticism has a background prior to its graphic realization. The characters have the purpose of being the reflection of society in its different points of view, to link reality with the developed themes and satirize them to finally liven up a concise message that leads the viewer to intrigue, attention and reflection / Trabajo de investigación

This thesis explores the social criticism expressed in the two films Gremlins (Joe Dante, USA,1984) and Gremlins 2: The New Batch (Joe Dante, USA, 1990) and how the films criticizeUS-consumer culture in the Reagan Era, addressing the wide-spread economic problems.To find an answer I have asked the following questions; in what way do the Gremlins filmsexpress social criticism, what are the threats and what functions do they have and has socialcriticism developed between the films and if so how? My hypothesis is that through anallegorical story, Dante attacks the capitalist society, and he does so by letting gremlins,monsters that previously attacked the machines of the allied forces during World War II,destroy the safe society that the Reagan advocated. The home, the finances and even SantaClaus himself, no one is safe from Dante's criticism.The films also reflect the fear of the unknown, such as the Soviet Union, the Asian market andthe African American population. In this thesis I arguethat the films, rather than perpetuatingthis fear, criticize it in the hope that some form of consensus can be created. I have alsodiscovered that the creatures in the movies reflect desire, greed and violence, and I believethat Dante may well want to tell us that the very thing that separates us from becomingGremlins which will lead to our total destruction is our desire to be better than them. If thatwill doesn’t exist inside us, consumption and fear will not disappear, but instead increase. Ihope my analysis of Gremlins and Gremlins 2: The New Batch will provide a broaderperspective on the genre. Because if two simple monster movies have been shown to criticizeseveral major societal problems in American society, what more overlooked horror movieshave done the same thing and deserve to be discussed?

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:11:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6729.pdf: 2480849 bytes, checksum: 5fb2becff0cfcd7181fa782367134acd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / This master thesis discusses the real s representation on João Gilberto Noll s novels O quieto animal da esquina (1991) and Harmada (1993). Firstly, it focuses on the ways of representing the real in the classic, the modern and the contemporary novel as well as aspects from Realism and Naturalism in the Brazilian literature, emphasizing the existence of a social criticism tradition in this literature. Then, this study deals with structural questions related mainly to the narrative focus, time and space, questioning the last ones also based on some readings on anthropology, psychology and geography. This procedure intends to show that O quieto animal da esquina and Harmada keep formal and thematic features proper to the classic and the modern novel realistic representation. At the same time, they make a shift on this representation by reformulating, creating a tension and subverting themes and narrative instances in order to express, in a singular diction and throughout the time and space immobility of the represented individuals, the disaggregation and the lack of collective ideals that characterize the contemporary Brazilian society. / Esta dissertação discute a representação do real nos romances O quieto animal da esquina (1991) e Harmada (1993), de João Gilberto Noll. Atém-se, a priori, às formas da representação do real no romance clássico, no romance moderno e no romance contemporâneo, assim como em aspectos do Realismo e do Naturalismo na literatura brasileira, enfatizando a existência de uma tradição de crítica social nessa literatura. Num segundo momento, o estudo centra-se em questões de ordem estrutural suscitadas pelos dois romances, relativas principalmente a focalização, tempo e espaço, problematizando as duas últimas a partir, também, de algumas leituras da antropologia, da psicologia e da geografia. Com esse percurso pretendemos mostrar que O quieto animal da esquina e Harmada conservam traços formais e temáticos próprios da representação realista do romance clássico e do romance moderno, ao mesmo tempo em que operam um deslocamento nessa representação, reformulando, tensionando e subvertendo temas e instâncias narrativas. E o fazem para exprimir, numa dicção singular, e por meio da imobilidade espaçotemporal dos sujeitos ali representados, a desagregação e a falta de ideais coletivos que caracterizam a sociedade brasileira contemporânea.

This study examines Swedish prison priests in the early 20th century, more specifically the years 1900-1909 and 1925-1932. Prison chaplains arose in the early 1800s as a result of reforms to Sweden's penal code in the 1840s. Sweden adopted the so-called Philadelphiasystem which meant that the prisons placed prisoners in complete isolation and only had access to the "morally good" staff, such as the prison chaplains. In theory, the aim was to talk with prisoners and "rehabilitate" them, so they could return to society. The priests' main method of establishing rehabilitation attempts was achieved through constant observation and dialogue with prisoners. Unlike other prison studies, which are often associated with analyzing the typical power dynamics between "superior" and "subordinate", this study will investigate and present, through the prison chaplains' annual reports and books, what they believed and considered to be cause of crime, the right way to rehabilitate prisoner and what problems they could face after their time in prison. The study will focus on comparing their relationships and interpretations of prisoners and how this was linked to similar discussions related to Sweden's social problems and solutions such as alcoholism, prostitution, modern city life, industrial workculture, parenting and neglectful households.