Bakgrunden tills studien är dels att förstå innebörden av begreppet ensamkommande barn, dels vilka riktlinjer för delaktighetsgörandet som finns för socialsekreteraren i arbetet med ensamkommande barn. Jag vill få en kunskap om socialsekreterarens delaktighetsfrämjande arbete med ensamkommande barn och socialsekreterarens handlingsutrymme och svårigheter i arbetet. Syftet med studien är att utifrån socialsekreterares upplevelser beskriva och analysera det delaktighetsfrämjande arbetet med ensamkommande barn. En kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer där empirin består utav fem transkriberade intervjuer. Intervjupersonerna har valts utifrån ett strategiskt val med kriteriet att vara socialsekreterare som arbetar med ensamkommande barn. En intervjuguide utformades för att få svar på intervjufrågorna. Det empiriska materialet har analyserats utifrån studiens teoretiska perspektiv symbolisk interaktionism samt de två teoretiska begreppen delaktighet och handlingsutrymme. Resultatet visar att samtliga intervjupersoner upplever sitt handlingsutrymme i arbetet som stort och att de är tämligen fria i arbetet. Socialtjänstlagen ger socialsekreterarna ett stort handlingsutrymme då lagen enbart är en ramlag med allmänna riktlinjer. Fortsättningsvis visar resultatet att intervjupersonerna upplever stora svårigheter vid användandet av telefontolk i samtal med ensamkommande barn. Det framkommer i resultatet att intervjupersonerna upplever svårigheter vid att skapa en förtroendefull relation med det ensamkommande barnet med anledning av barnets tidigare erfarenheter. Vidare visar resultatet på att intervjupersonerna upplever deras arbete med ensamkommande barn som delaktighetsfrämjande genom att låta barnet få ta del av information samt genom att barnet får dela med sig av sina åsikter som beaktas i den beslutsfattande processen. / The background to the study is the first to understand the concept of unaccompanied children, and the guidelines for the participation announcement that exist for the social worker in the work with unaccompanied minors. I want to gain knowledge of the social workers participative work with unaccompanied children and the social workers discretion and the difficulty of the work. The purpose of the study is that based on the social worker's experience to describe and analyze the participative work with unaccompanied children. A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews in which empirical data consists of five transcribed interviews. The interviewees have been selected by a strategic choice of the criterion of social workers who work with unaccompanied minors. An interview guide was designed to find answers to interview questions. The empirical data were analyzed based on the study of theoretical perspectives symbolic interactionism and the two theoretical concepts of participation and discretion. The results show that all the respondents perceive their freedom of action in that big and that they are relatively free of work. The Social Services Act gives socialworkers a wide discretion when the law is merely a framework law of general guidelines. Henceforth, the results show that the respondents are experiencing great difficulties when using telephone interpreter in conversation with unaccompanied minors. It emerges from the results that the respondents experiencing difficulties increating a relationship of trust with the unaccompanied child because of the child'sprevious experiences. Furthermore, the result shows that the interviewees perceive their work with unaccompanied children who participative by letting the child take part of the information and by the child may share their opinions taken into account in the decision-making process.

Darbo problema: Kokie pagrindiniai socialinių pedagogų raiškos Lietuvoje ir Jungtinėje Karalystėje ypatumai, veikiant skirtingose socialinėse terpėse? Darbo objektas: Socialinių pedagogų raiška Lietuvoje ir Jungtinėje Karalystėje. Darbo tikslas – atkleisti socialinių pedagogų raiškos Lietuvoje Ir Jungtinėje Karalystėje ypatumus. Baigiamojo darbo uždaviniai: 1. Ištirti veiksnius ir motyvus, įtakojusius socialinio pedagogo profesijos pasirinkimą Lietuvoje ir Jungtinėje Karalystėje socialinių pedagogų tarpe. 2. Nustatyti socialiniams pedagogams Lietuvoje ir Jungtinėje Karalystėje svarbius ir būdingus gebėjimus bei savybes. 3. Atskleisti kokias esmines kompetencijas ir/ar kvalifikacijos dalis labiausiai įgalina iš(si)ugdyti socialinių pedagogų studijų programos Lietuvoje ir Jungtinėje Karalystėje. Išvados: 1. Lietuvos socialiniai pedagogai dažniausiai savo specialybę pasirinko po 12 klasės egzaminų, o Jungtinės Karalystės socialiniai pedagogai dažniausiai apsisprendė 11-12 klasėje (p<0,05). Lietuvos ir Jungtinės Karalystės respondentų profesijos pasirinkimą dažniausiai įtakojo pašaukimas, pasiekimai artimoje pasirinktai profesijai veikloje, polinkiai ir interesai, mokėjimai ir įgūdžiai, noras padėti socialinės rizikos vaikams, likusiems be tėvų globos, noras padėti asmenims, turintiems socialinių problemų, noras padėti asmenims, negalintiems pasirūpinti savimi, bet nuomonių pasiskirstymas skiriasi (p<0,05). Lietuvoje dažniau nei Jungtinėje Karalystėje trūksta socialinių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Work Problem: What are the main expression of social educators in Lithuania and the United Kingdom, in different social media? Object: Expression of social educators in Lithuania and the United Kingdom. Aim : to discovery the characteristics of expressions of social educators in Lithuania and the United Kingdom. Tasks: 1. Explore the factors and considerations influencing the choice of the social educator professions in Lithuania and the United Kingdom. 2. Set up the social educators in Lithuania and the United Kingdom, the relevant and specific skills and qualities. 3. The disclosure of the essential competencies and/or qualifying part of most of the social educators study programme enables you to bring up in Lithuania and the United Kingdom. Conclusions. 1. Lithuanian social educators often chose their profession after the 12th grade exams, and the United Kingdom social educators often decide in class 11- 12 (p < 0.05). Lithuania and the United Kingdom respondents choice of profession is mostly influenced by calling, progress in the activity close to his profession, in clinations and interests, abilities and skills, and desire to help the children at risk which grow without parental care, the desire to help people which have social problems, a desire to help people who are unable to take care of themselves, but the distribution of opinions differ (p < 0,05). Lithuania lack social educators more often(p < 0.05) than the United Kingdom, the lack of social educators. The... [to full text]

Syftet med studien är att genom diskursanalys lyfta fram exempel på medias bild av kvinnan. Materialet för analysen består av artiklar som berör skönhet, kropp och hälsa i tre nummer av tidningen Amelia samt bilder på tidningens omslag. Samtliga omslags bilder visar stylade, leende kvinnor som visar hur en kvinna kan, läs ska se ut, vilket följs upp inne i tidningarna där vi får förslag på val av handlingar för att uppnå samma (själv)bild. De funna resultaten kopplas till socialpedagogikens; det sociala arbetets arena, som handlar om mänsklig tillväxt, relationer, kommunikation samt tilltro till individen som kapabel att välja och förhålla sig till rådande explicita och implicita normer i den samhälleliga kontexten. Normerna bygger på mönster av makt, som kan relateras till uppfattning och attityder gentemot individers delaktighet i samhället utifrån hur avvikande val kring skönhet, kropp och hälsa bestraffas. Studien betonar därför medvetenhet kring vikten av individers möjlighet till emancipation och resultaten styrker tanken om att kvinnor av idag, via media, utsätts för en ständig press i att förhålla sig till medias bild av kvinnan, en bild som hon själv genom sina val och aktiva handlande bidrar till att upprätthålla. / The purpose of the study is to enlighten media's representation of women though a discourse analytical perspective. The material consists of articles concerning beauty, body and health in three exemplars of the magazine Amelia combined with photos on the magazines' front pages. All front pages show styled, smiling women showing how a woman can, or should, look like, which is followed up inside the magazine where the reader gets suggestions on choice of actions to reach the same (self) image. The results are connected to social pedagogy, the arena of social work which concerns human growth, relations, communication and faith in the individual as capable to choose and relate to explicit and implicit norms in society. The norms are based on patterns of power which can be related to perception of and attitudes towards the participation of individuals in society. Thin in turn is based on how divergent choices regarding beauty, body and health are punished. The study therefore emphasizes awareness regarding the importance of individuals' possibilities to emancipation. The results strengthens the through that women today, through media, are exposed to a continuous stress on relating to the medial picture of woman, a picture which she herself through choices and actions contributes to maintain.

Abstract Making use of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory, the study examines the factors influencing the everyday life of children subject to child protection measures who have grown in an environment of prolonged family crisis. The theory of social pedagogy is used in the interpretation of the results. The research results and conclusions are also considered in view of the Child Protection Act. The basis for the methodological and methodical choices for the study is provided by the examination of the experiences of now young grown-ups who have grown subject to child protection measures. They report personally on their experiences as children subject to protection measures. In addition to interviews, documentary data is also used. The research is a qualitative case study in nature. Two research problems were formulated. The first one is concerned with the adolescents’ experiences of family, parents and other close environment in their everyday childhood. The second research problem is related to the young people’s indirect experiences at meso, exo and macro levels of social work support measures in child protection. Answers to both these problems are sought through thematisation. The themes are based on the concepts of the Child Protection Act and on the various contexts in the field of the micro, meso, exo and macro levels in Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory. The research data was collected in 2004 and 2005. The study revealed that the parents had been supported a lot through various preventive support measures available in non-institutional child protection. In spite of this, the young people’s life as children in the families was precarious and the families would break up. The parents’ educational responsibility and ability to take care of their children did not meet the requirements of the Child Protection Act. The study highlighted the poor status of the child between two institutions. Little attention was paid in the social work practices to the children’s right, based on their status, to access the data on themselves and their families and to present their opinions. Contacts with the adolescents by the social services during the child protection process had been very few. The actors in the child welfare sector were not aware of how the children experienced the child protection support measures. The social work system fared quite badly in its practices stipulated in the Child Protection Act to support the children’s growth and to help them in their everyday lives in an insecure growth environment. Social work did not have any means to approach the child as an individual, nor the child and parents comprehensively together in family-based child protection work. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan epävakaassa kasvuympäristössä ja perhekriisin olosuhteissa kasvaneiden lastensuojelulasten arkeen ja elämänkulkuun vaikuttaneita tekijöitä Bronfenbrennerin ekologista teoriaa hyväksi käyttäen. Tulosten tulkinnassa ja johtopäätösten tekemisessä hyödynnettiin sosiaalipedagogiikan teoriaa. Tutkimuksen tuloksia ja johtopäätelmiä tarkasteltiin myös lastensuojelulain valossa. Tutkimuksen metodologisten ja metodisten valintojen lähtökohtana on ollut lastensuojelulapsina kasvaneiden nuorten kokemusten tutkiminen. Haastatteluaineiston lisäksi käytetään asiakirja-aineistoa. Tutkimuksen lähestymistapa on laadullinen tapaustutkimus. Tutkimukselle asetettiin kaksi tutkimustehtävää. Ensimmäinen tutkimustehtävä kohdistuu mikrotasolla nuorten lapsuuden arjen kokemuksiin perheestä, vanhemmista ja muusta lähiympäristöstä. Toinen tutkimustehtävä kohdistuu nuorten meso-, ekso- ja makrotason välillisiin kokemuksiin lastensuojelun sosiaalityön tukitoimista. Molempiin tutkimustehtäviin etsittiin vastausta teemoittelun avulla. Teemat on asetettu Bronfenbrennerin ekologisen teorian mikro-, meso-, ekso- ja makrotasojen kentässä erilasiin konteksteihin ja lastensuojelulain käsitteistöön. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin vuosina 2004 ja 2005. Tutkimuksessa tuli esille, että vanhempia oli tuettu runsaasti erilaisin lastensuojelun avohuollossa käytössä olevin preventiivisin tukimuodoin. Tästä huolimatta nuorten elämä lapsena perheissä oli epävakaata ja perheet hajosivat. Vanhempien kasvatusvastuu ja kyky huolehtia lapsistaan eivät toteutuneet lastensuojelulain määrittämällä tavalla. Tutkimuksessa tuli esille lastensuojelulapsen aseman heikkous kahden instituution välissä. Sosiaalityön toimintakäytännöissä vähälle huomiolle jäi, että lapsilla on asemansa puolesta oikeus itseään ja perhettään koskevaan tietoon sekä mielipiteen esittämiseen. Sosiaalitoimen järjestämät yhteydenpidot nuoriin lastensuojeluprosessin aikana olivat vähäisiä. Lastensuojelun toimijoilla ei ollut tietoa siitä, miten lapsi koki lastensuojelun tukitoimet. Sosiaalityön toimintakäytännöissä jäi nuorten kokemana heikoksi lastensuojelulain määrittämä lapsen kasvun tukeminen ja auttaminen arjen elämässä epävakaassa kasvuympäristössä. Sosiaalityössä ei näyttänyt olevan keinoja lähestyä lasta yksilönä eikä lasta ja vanhempia yhdessä kokonaisvaltaisesti perhekohtaisessa lastensuojelussa.

Syftet med denna studie var att studera hur skolans miljö på fyra olika skolor ser ut för elever som är inom autismspektrumtillståndet. Skolans professionella har som uppgift att kunna anpassa undervisningen efter alla elevers behov och förutsättningar. Vidare var syftet med denna studie att undersöka kring vilket behov det finns av socialpedagoger inom grundskolan idag. Studien är av kvalitativ karaktär för att kunna få information kring hur lärarna upplever hur elever med autism bemöts och får stöd i skolan. Studien baseras på fyra stycken intervjuer med lärare. Intervjuerna har sedan analyserats och bearbetats med hjälp av ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. Vidare har intervjuerna också analyserats och bearbetats med hjälp av Thomas J Scheffs teori om sociala band och Paulo Freires begrepp Empowerment. Resultatet av studien visar på att det finns ett behov av socialpedagoger inom skolans värld idag. Vidare visar resultatet på att lärare idag känner sig inte tillräckligt rustade med kunskap för att kunna hantera barn med autism. / Today's schools, including its staff, are obligated to offer adjusted teaching for all students’ abilities and needs. The purpose of this study is to look into four elementary schools, considering their current environment for students with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). It is also to investigate if there is a call for social workers to be present in elementary schools. The study was qualitative in its character and interviews with four teachers were performed. In this way, information on teachers’ thoughts and experiences of the schools’ offered support to students with ASD could be accessed. Based on a sociocultural perspective, Thomas J Scheff’s theory on social bonds and Paulo Freire’s concept of empowerment the interviews were then processed and analyzed. The results of the study indicated that elementary school teachers experience themselves as not having sufficient knowledge on how to support students with ASD.

(in English) The diploma thesis named The Role of Social Pedagogue In The School Environment deals with the problems of theoretical and practical use of social pedagogues in school environment. In this thesis is the school environment defined as a certain space which is not used only for the school lessons, but it is related to all school-related events. In the theoretical part, the thesis focuses on the differences in the concept of social pedagogy in the countries of Europe and partly also describes the different approach in North America. The chapter describes in more detail the conception of social pedagogy in the Czech Republic including the historical evolution. The thesis also tries to point out the status of social pedagogy as a scientific discipline and describes its limits. This part of the thesis also includes a description of historical milestones that influenced social pedagogy during its path to becoming an academic discipline. There is also a detailed literature search of the published researches related to the use of a social pedagogues in school environment. It turns out that the position of a social pedagogue is not framed by a specific law, so this thesis presents a number of legislative documents that can help to place this position in the legal framework. Last but not least,...

This diploma thesis focused on the situation of Social pedagogy graduates in the labor market. It has a theoretical-empirical character. The theoretical part focus on Social pedagogy as a science and its contemporary position within the Czech legislation. Further it lists study possibilities of Social pedagogy in the Czech Republic, defines the possible scope of social educators and deals with the topic of graduates' adaptation to the labor market in general. The empirical part is devoted to research with seven respondents. The method used in this thesis is in-depth interviews. The research identifies challenges the graduates were facing while finding a job and while performing their profession, what made the adaptation proces easier and vice versa more difficult. The research showed that despite no legal definition of social pedagogy as a profession, graduates had no problems to find a job. However, the perceived difficulty for them, for example, was an inaccurate idea of using the gained experience. Respondents also made recommendations to current social pedagogy students. Most often mentioned was a recommendation to find own specialization in the social pedagogy while still studying.

This diploma thesis discusses the issue of truancy of the primary schools' pupils in the region Ústí nad Labem from the socio-pedagogical point of view. The theoretical part is divided into eight chapters. In the introduction, there are definitions of social pedagogy, schools, compulsory school attendance and truancy. After this, thesis describes division, causes and factors which influence truancy. The thesis also discusses the school environment, family environment, peer groups, prevention and ways of dealing with truancy. In practical part, there are case studies of ten families presented in which their children dealt with truancy. The analysis of case studies is focused on identifying some factors in the families that influenced the truancy and the common way how to deal with it in Ústí nad Labem, the success of interventions and present situation. Subsequently, recommendations for practice were made.

Socialpedagogiken är ett relativt outforskat område i skolans värld och det råder olika meningar kring vad socialpedagogiken skulle kunna och faktiskt redan bidrar med ute i det svenska skolsystemet. Studien som är en uppsats på C-nivå syftar att fånga socialpedagogiskt arbete ur en specifik yrkesgrupps perspektiv, nämligen skolkuratorns. Det empiriska materialet består av semistrukturerade forskningsintervjuer med 5 skolkuratorer som alla är utbildade socialpedagoger. Studien har ett explorativt syfte där kärnan alltså består i att ge en bild av hur skolkuratorerna själva uppfattar att de använder socialpedagogiken i sin yrkesroll som skolkuratorer. Studiens teoretiska ramverk bygger på socialpedagogiskt traditionella tankemodeller om individen som formar sin identitet i relation till sin omgivning och de lärandeprocesser som finns att hitta i denna växelverkan mellan individ och samhälle. Socialpedagogiska perspektiv om gemenskap, delaktighet, empowerment, dialog, inklusion och exklusion har fungerat som utgångspunkter att betrakta skolkuratorernas erfarenheter utifrån. Materialet har analyserats med analysmetoden IPA och resulterade i 4 övergripande teman: Relationsbyggande, Skapandet av insocialiserande processer, Inklusion och Fokus på det som fungerar. I diskussionsdelen diskuteras studiens relevans för det sociala fältet och för den aktuella situationen i dagens svenska skola. / Social pedagogy is a relatively unexplored area in the Swedish school-system and there are different opinions about what social pedagogy could, and indeed already contribute with out in the Swedish schools. The study, a thesis C-level aims to capture the social pedagogical work out a specific profession perspective, the school counselors. The empirical material consists of semi-structured research interviews with five school counselors who are all trained social pedagogues. The study has an exploratory purpose where the core is to provide a picture of how the school counselors themselves perceive that they use social pedagogy in their professional role as school counselors. The theoretical framework is based on a social pedagogical perspective built on traditional social pedagogical thoughts and theories. These theories and concepts all focuses on the individual that shapes their identity in relation to their environment and the learning processes that can be found in the interaction between the individual and society. Theories about community, participation, empowerment, dialogue, inclusion and exclusion has served as starting points to consider the experiences given by the school counselors. The material was analyzed with the analytical IPA and resulted in four broad themes: Relationship building, Creating socializing processes, Inclusion and Focus on what works. In the discussion section the study's relevance to the social field and the current situation in Swedish schools today is addressed.

O presente trabalho consiste em uma análise das práticas educacionais desenvolvidas e voltadas para crianças e adolescentes em situação de abrigo ao longo da história nacional. Atualmente denominada como acolhimento institucional, esta prática é garantida pela Lei 8069/90 como uma medida de proteção e suas unidades de atendimento social são entendidas como espaços socioeducativos. A investigação empírica realizada em três instituições distintas durante a pesquisa apresenta evidências de que seu caráter educativo ainda está distante do ideal de desenvolvimento integral preconizado pela Lei, prevalecendo práticas pautadas no desrespeito à subjetividade daqueles que deveriam ser a razão de sua existência. Assim, este trabalho busca fazer um resgate histórico destas práticas, seguido pela apresentação da realidade atual constatada por meio da observação-participante, para uma posterior reflexão e proposição de um trabalho socioeducativo que seja realmente significativo para os acolhidos institucionalmente nestes espaços. / This study is an analysis of educational practices and programs for children and adolescents in a shelter along the national history. Currently known as shelter, this practice is guaranteed by Law 8069/90 as a measure of protection and their social service units are understood as socio-educational spaces. Empirical research carried out in three different institutions during the study presents evidence that its educational nature is still far from the ideal of integral development envisaged by the law, prevailing practices based on disrespect to the subjectivity of those who should be the reason for their existence. This study seeks to make a historical review of these practices, followed by the presentation of the current reality observed through participant observation, for further discussion and proposal of a social-educational work that is really significant for the institutionally accepted in these spaces.