This thesis concerns the background reconstruction from several photographs (so called depopulation scene efect). There are presented methods for obtaining the background from video and discussion of their use for photographs. The greatest emphasis is placed on the Gaussian mixture model and effort to improve this algorithm due to static image. The photographs should be taken with a tripod.

My study contains a semiotic analysis of three screen captures of still lifes from the music video PrettyBones by the artist Yeule, directed by Joy 秀 Song. The music video depicts several scenes with inspiration from the Dutch great power era and it’s still life painting. The visual elements of the music video have a focus on the course of life and one's own mortality, themes that have long been addressed through still life painting. My study is based mainly on David Petit’s (1988) studies about the symbolism and meaning of 16th-17th century Flemish still life painting. The study also contains segments of Fanny Ambjörnsson’s (2011) studies about the color pink. The purpose of the study is to investigate what the still life communicates through the context of 16th-17th century Flemish iconography and through acontemporary semiotic reading. Results of the study shows that there are similarities between the themes that are present in the still life with contemporary objects and the more traditional still lifes. It also touches on morals and societal norms about feminine identity.

Modernitet har ofta skildrats i litteraturhistorien med hjälp av en sammanbindning mellan panoramavy och bildningsresa. Ettsärskilt narrativ återkommer i sådana berättelser: protagonisten kämpar för att hitta genom storstadens myllrande gator, blir så småningom bekant med democh fullföljer därmed sin bildningsresa. Detta symboliseras genom en panoramavy över staden. Uppsatsen undersöker Hassan Loo Sattarvandis Still (2008), vilken använder panoramavyn i sin skildring av Stockholmsförorten Hagalund men tematiserar monotoni i stället för den förändring som tematiseras i skönlitteratur om moderniteten. Syftet med uppsatsen är att diskutera i vilken utsträckning denna kontrast beror på stadsplaneringen i Hagalund och vad ett sådant samspel mellan monotoni och miljö innebär för skildringen av modernitet. Genom geokritisk metod, vilken analyserar hur miljön påverkar berättelsen genom karaktärers rörelsemönster, framträder stadsplaneringen som gemensam komponent mellan de återkommande panoramavyerna, moderniteten, bildningsresan, flanerande och slutligen monotonin som tematik. Stadsplaneringen i romanen är nämligen utformad för att stävja moderniteten, och förlagan till utformningen härrör ur panoramavyn som uttryck för kontroll. Detta resulterar i att protagonisten i Still flanerar i cirklar och aldrig kan fullfölja sin bildningsresa, vilket symboliseras med en konstant panoramavy. Monotonin som tematik integreras och binds således till romanens miljö för att uttrycka segregation, avsaknad av utvecklingspotential och en avstannad modernitet. Uppsatsens bidrag består i en ny läsning av romanen, i vilken tematiken är bunden till sin miljö, som bör skänka nytt ljus till svensk arbetarlitteratur och läsningar av förortsskildringar i stort.

Le tableau de Jean-Baptiste Belin de Fontenay intitulé Vase d’or, fleurs et buste de Louis XIV est le morceau de réception que le peintre a présenté à l’Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture en 1687. Malheureusement peu étudié, ce tableau n’en comporte pas moins trois problématiques très intéressantes. Tout d’abord, il rassemble trois genres de peinture dans une seule composition : la nature morte, le portrait et la peinture d’histoire, illustrés respectivement par les fleurs, le buste du roi et la pièce d’armure. L’association de ces trois genres dans un tableau de nature morte est peu commune dans la peinture française du 17e siècle. Il est donc nécessaire de vérifier s’il existe un lien entre les fleurs, l’image de Louis XIV et l’armure. Ensuite, le contraste entre la polychromie des fleurs et la monochromie de la sculpture et de l’ameublement est frappante ; il est possible de lier ce contraste au phénomène des débats entre le dessin et la couleur de l’Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture à la deuxième moitié du 17e siècle. D’ailleurs, les fleurs, qui n’étaient pas le sujet central dans le programme original de Le Brun, deviennent le sujet principal du tableau et occupent une place plus importante que le buste de Louis XIV. Cette modification n’a cependant pas choqué les juges de l’Académie puisque la toile a été acceptée sans contestation. Elle amène donc à s’interroger sur la hiérarchie des genres de peinture qui est la doctrine officielle de l’Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture de l’époque. Le noyau de la recherche consiste à vérifier si les fleurs n’occupent qu’une simple fonction décorative ou si elles peuvent être associées à des symboles. Notre recherche examine d’abord l’utilisation des symboles floraux dans la culture française du 17e siècle. Par la suite, elle étudie cette utilisation dans le domaine politique, à savoir que les fleurs pourraient être liées à la louange de Louis XIV. Enfin, elle analyse les domaines artistiques et esthétiques, c’est-à-dire la façon dont le tableau reflète, par l’utilisation des symboles floraux, l’évolution des théories de l’art, la hiérarchie des genres de peinture et les débats du dessin et de la couleur, en France, durant la deuxième moitié du 17e siècle. / The painting by Jean-Baptiste Belin de Fontenay, Vase d’or, fleurs et buste de Louis XIV, is a reception piece of the french academician painter to the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture in 1687. Unfortunately having been little studied, this painting reveals three very interesting issues. First of all, it contain three kind of painting in one composition: still life, portrait and history painting, illustrated respectively by the flowers, the bust of Louis XIV and the piece of armor. The combination of these three types in a still life is uncommon in the 17th century French painting. It is therefore necessary to check if there is a link between the flowers, the picture of Louis XIV and the armor. Then, the contrast between the polychrome of the flowers and the monochrome of the sculpture and furniture is striking, it is possible to associate this contrast to the phenomenon of the debates between drawing and color of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture during the second half of the 17th century. Moreover, the flowers, which were not the central subject in the original program of Le Brun, become the main subject of the table and occupy a more important place than the bust of Louis XIV. This change has not shocked the judges of the Academy since the painting was accepted without question. It therefore leads to think about the hierarchy of genres of painting, which was the official doctrine of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture at the time. The core of this research is to see if the flowers occupy a mere decorative function, or whether they may be associated with symbols. Our research will verify the employ of floral symbols in French culture of the 17th century and then developed this employ not only in the political field, which means the flowers are in praise of Louis XIV, but also in the aesthetics domain, that is to say how the painting reflects by employing floral symbols the evolution of the theories of art in France during the second half of the 17th century, the hierarchy of genres of painting and the debates between drawing and color.

Pour respecter les droits d’auteur, la version électronique de cette thèse a été dépouillée des documents visuels. La version intégrale de la thèse a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal. / Pendant la période coloniale, le grand sujet de la nature fut différemment instrumentalisé selon les intérêts particuliers des secteurs distincts de la société coloniale péruvienne. Fondamentale comme outil d'évangélisation, mais surtout comme espace de canalisation de la religiosité et de la spiritualité coloniale, la nature a su se manifester de manière diverse dans la production artistique de la vice-royauté du Pérou. Dans cette thèse, nous nous penchons sur le phénomène de la représentation de la nature dans la peinture andine coloniale, en nous concentrant en particulier sur la région occupée actuellement par le Pérou et la Bolivie, et sur une périodisation qui comprend principalement les XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Ce travail cherche à approfondir une problématique qui a été majoritairement oubliée ou sous-estimée par le discours critique de l’histoire de l’art de la période coloniale. Nous aborderons cette problématique à partir de différentes perspectives. Cependant, l'aspect religieux semble l’élément fondamental pour expliquer les principaux enjeux derrière ce geste pictural. La peinture de la nature et de l'espace fut représentative des valeurs et des fondements spirituels de la religiosité coloniale. Les andins ont pensé la nature comme un moyen de visualiser des expériences métaphysiques profondes, de repenser les identités religieuses et d’accorder aux images des pouvoirs magico-religieux qui s’avéraient essentiels pour le bien-être de différentes communautés. Bien que l’étude des rapports religieux soit indispensable pour élucider cette structure symbolique complexe, tant pour la peinture de paysage (comme unité organique), que pour la représentation des éléments individuels, la représentation de la nature a révélé, dans bien d'autres cas, des préoccupations concrètes directement liées aux circonstances, autant politique qu’ historique, de la société coloniale, en s’adaptant aux changements constants d’un espace et d’une société en transformation. Loin d'être uniquement soumis à l'exercice décoratif, ou dans le cas de la peinture religieuse, de remplir la fonction de contexte pictural, les peintres coloniaux ont valorisé cet élément en l'abordant comme un objet individuel, chargé de pouvoir symbolique et capable de transmettre des messages et de produire des discours, toujours en lien avec les préoccupations des différents secteurs de la société coloniale. / In the colonial period, the great subject matter of nature was instrumentalized by different sectors of Peruvian vice regal society. Essentially as an evangelization tool, but also as a space where colonial religiosity was manifested, the representation of nature was interpreted in different ways by artists and consumers of vice regal paintings. In this dissertation, we analyze the representation of nature in colonial Andean painting, focusing especially on the Central Andean region (currently covered by Peru and Bolivia) in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. This work seeks to move forward on an issue that has been largely underestimated by critical discourse of art history regarding the Latin American colonial period. We will discuss this problem from different perspectives. However, the religious aspect seems to be above all a fundamental element to explain the key issues behind this pictorial manner. The representation of nature was consistent with spiritual values that forged colonial religiosity. Andean people considered nature as a way to visualize deep metaphysical experiences by rethinking religious identities and granting to the images magical-religious powers essential for the well-being of communities. Beyond the religious aspect, we focus on the analysis of other consequences and interests that are related to the different forms of representation of territories and elements of nature, allowing different social groups to assert their ideological, political and cultural positions. The representation of nature and space in colonial painting was never a simple decorative object, nor, in the case of religious painting, did it fulfil the role of scenographic framework and background to pictorial stories. The colonial painters treated this element with particular concern, conceding it special value and narrative powers, according to different preoccupations in colonial society.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:29:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Fabio_Sousa.pdf: 1739008 bytes, checksum: c7a313b7d7ce28503c723275872f7be0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-04 / In this study, through a qualitative survey based upon a bibliographical research, we analyze the inter-relations between literature and still photography, with the intention of discussing the main aspects of resemblance between these two types of arts, apparently very different from one another. Based upon Susan Sontag s (2004) statement that photography is closer to poetry than to any other art, we investigate the historical and aesthetic developments that allow such relation. Our investigation shows that it was after the realistic movement and mainly after the consequences of the radicalization in the use of the literary image by the European avant-gard oriented writers and by the Brazilian modernist poets that the relation between literature and still photography becomes clearer. We analyze particularly a part of the literary production of the Brazilian modernist writer Oswald de Andrade that, through his instant poems or flash-poems , presents in his literature some imagetic characteristics that allow us to compare them to photographic images. But if it is possible to show in literature some photographic elements, an inverse situation can also be detected. That is what an analysis of part of the production of the Brazilian photographer Thomas Farkas may demonstrate, specially in his photos made in the fourth decade of the twentieth century. In them, he reveals, through a subtle game of opposition and combination between light and shadow, that situation that Minor White (2003) call a mirror we can pass through . In Farkas work, the image of a photographer acquires some typical characteristics of a poet s image. And it is exactly when overcomes the mere visual aspects and opens a portal to the world of dreams and imagination that photography may present certain elements that could cause a proximity to poetry. Our research tries to demonstrate, thus, that the relations between literary and photographic images - both worried with the attempt of apprehension of life instants - allow to distinguish in still photography some characteristics that most of the reviewers once admitted that belonged only to the kingdom of literature and, on the other hand, that some writers can use the words in a way that produces results that resemble that of a photographer who presses the shutter of his camera. / Neste trabalho, através de uma pesquisa qualitativa baseada em um levantamento bibliográfico, analisamos as inter-relações entre a literatura e a fotografia, a fim de detectar os principais pontos em comum entre essas duas manifestações artísticas aparentemente muito diferentes uma da outra. Com base no pensamento de Susan Sontag (2004), que afirma que a fotografia é uma arte mais próxima da poesia, investigamos o momento histórico e os desdobramentos estéticos que tornam possível o estabelecimento dessa relação. Constatamos que é a partir do realismo e, principalmente, a partir da radicalidade da produção literária feita sob a influência das vanguardas européias e do movimento modernista brasileiro que a relação entre a literatura e a fotografia fica mais evidente. Analisamos em especial parte da obra do modernista brasileiro Oswald de Andrade, que, por meio de seus poemas instantâneos ou poemas-flash , apresenta em sua produção literária algumas características imagéticas que podemos relacionar ao resultado que se obtém com uma fotografia. Mas se é possível apontar na literatura elementos de proximidade com a fotografia, uma situação inversa também pode ser constatada. É o que nos permite, por exemplo, a análise de parte da obra do fotógrafo brasileiro Thomas Farkas, principalmente na sua produção realizada na década de 40, do século XX, em que consegue, através do sutil jogo de oposição e combinação entre luz e sombra, demonstrar que a fotografia também pode ser aquilo que Minor White (2003) chama de um espelho que se pode atravessar . No trabalho de Farkas, a imagem do fotógrafo adquire algumas características típicas da imagem do poeta. E é exatamente quando supera a simples visualidade e abre um portal para o mundo dos sonhos e da imaginação que a fotografia apresenta elementos que a aproximam da poesia. A nossa investigação tenta demonstrar, assim, que as relações de semelhanças entre a imagem literária e a imagem fotográfica - ambas calcadas na tentativa de apreensão de instantes da vida - permitem que possamos perceber na fotografia aspectos aparentemente pertencentes apenas ao reino da literatura e também que alguns escritores usam as palavras de maneira parecida com a de um fotógrafo que dispara o obturador de sua câmera. Palavras-chave: Literatura, fotografia, poesia, Oswald de Andrade

The Wild Beasts springs from my desire to thank my ever-expanding queer chosen family and mentors for their strength. Working through the often violent and othering aspects of the lens and photographic histories I create floral portraits responding to each person’s being and our relationship. Using the 19th century, 8x10 large format view camera—the same used by colonialists and ethnographers to “capture” the divinity of Nature—I erect each as a traditional still life studio setup at the threshold between the natural world and that constructed by humans. These environments speak both to the character of each friend and also to the use of Nature against queer people in most legal systems across the planet. We are deemed unnatural and made criminals through inequitable semantics. The 8x10 negative becomes a portrait, a darkroom contact print that is gifted to each of The Wild Beasts, an intimate artifact of my gratitude. At these borders I lash at the histories of oppression, remaking these lineages and tools into spaces for empathy, tenderness, and love.

Le tableau de Jean-Baptiste Belin de Fontenay intitulé Vase d’or, fleurs et buste de Louis XIV est le morceau de réception que le peintre a présenté à l’Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture en 1687. Malheureusement peu étudié, ce tableau n’en comporte pas moins trois problématiques très intéressantes. Tout d’abord, il rassemble trois genres de peinture dans une seule composition : la nature morte, le portrait et la peinture d’histoire, illustrés respectivement par les fleurs, le buste du roi et la pièce d’armure. L’association de ces trois genres dans un tableau de nature morte est peu commune dans la peinture française du 17e siècle. Il est donc nécessaire de vérifier s’il existe un lien entre les fleurs, l’image de Louis XIV et l’armure. Ensuite, le contraste entre la polychromie des fleurs et la monochromie de la sculpture et de l’ameublement est frappante ; il est possible de lier ce contraste au phénomène des débats entre le dessin et la couleur de l’Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture à la deuxième moitié du 17e siècle. D’ailleurs, les fleurs, qui n’étaient pas le sujet central dans le programme original de Le Brun, deviennent le sujet principal du tableau et occupent une place plus importante que le buste de Louis XIV. Cette modification n’a cependant pas choqué les juges de l’Académie puisque la toile a été acceptée sans contestation. Elle amène donc à s’interroger sur la hiérarchie des genres de peinture qui est la doctrine officielle de l’Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture de l’époque. Le noyau de la recherche consiste à vérifier si les fleurs n’occupent qu’une simple fonction décorative ou si elles peuvent être associées à des symboles. Notre recherche examine d’abord l’utilisation des symboles floraux dans la culture française du 17e siècle. Par la suite, elle étudie cette utilisation dans le domaine politique, à savoir que les fleurs pourraient être liées à la louange de Louis XIV. Enfin, elle analyse les domaines artistiques et esthétiques, c’est-à-dire la façon dont le tableau reflète, par l’utilisation des symboles floraux, l’évolution des théories de l’art, la hiérarchie des genres de peinture et les débats du dessin et de la couleur, en France, durant la deuxième moitié du 17e siècle. / The painting by Jean-Baptiste Belin de Fontenay, Vase d’or, fleurs et buste de Louis XIV, is a reception piece of the french academician painter to the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture in 1687. Unfortunately having been little studied, this painting reveals three very interesting issues. First of all, it contain three kind of painting in one composition: still life, portrait and history painting, illustrated respectively by the flowers, the bust of Louis XIV and the piece of armor. The combination of these three types in a still life is uncommon in the 17th century French painting. It is therefore necessary to check if there is a link between the flowers, the picture of Louis XIV and the armor. Then, the contrast between the polychrome of the flowers and the monochrome of the sculpture and furniture is striking, it is possible to associate this contrast to the phenomenon of the debates between drawing and color of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture during the second half of the 17th century. Moreover, the flowers, which were not the central subject in the original program of Le Brun, become the main subject of the table and occupy a more important place than the bust of Louis XIV. This change has not shocked the judges of the Academy since the painting was accepted without question. It therefore leads to think about the hierarchy of genres of painting, which was the official doctrine of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture at the time. The core of this research is to see if the flowers occupy a mere decorative function, or whether they may be associated with symbols. Our research will verify the employ of floral symbols in French culture of the 17th century and then developed this employ not only in the political field, which means the flowers are in praise of Louis XIV, but also in the aesthetics domain, that is to say how the painting reflects by employing floral symbols the evolution of the theories of art in France during the second half of the 17th century, the hierarchy of genres of painting and the debates between drawing and color.

The content of this dissertation is the life and œuvre of Johann Georg de Hamilton, a relatively obscure painter of hunts, portraits of horses, hunting still-lifes and hunting scenes. Johann Georg de Hamilton (1672-1737), a painter belonging to a famous Scottish family, was influenced in his creative work considerably by the 17th -century Flemish painters of still-lifes and hunting scenes. He was active predominantly in Vienna and in South Bohemia, in service of Adam František, Prince of Schwarzenberg, as well as Karl VI of House Habsburg. He created hunting-themed paintings and portraits of horses to members of both the secular and the ecclesiastic aristocracy of the lands of the Austrian Empire, such as the Houses of Liechtenstein, Serényi, Althan and others. This dissertation is the very first attempt at a monographic analysis of the life and œuvre of this painter. In addition to new bibliographic data, it offers an in-depth insight into the relationship between the person who commissioned his work, Adam František, Prince of Schwarzenberg, and the painter Johann Georg de Hamilton on the basis of extant correspondence, and also attempts to present the painter's œuvre in a cultural-historical and artistic context. The dissertation mentions the first exhibition of a collection of Hamilton's work,...

Background: The iPath telemedicine platform Basel is mainly used for histological and cytological consultations, but also serves as a valuable learning tool. Aim: To study the level of accuracy in making diagnoses based on still images achieved by experienced cytopathologists, to identify limiting factors, and to provide a cytological image series as a learning set. Method: Images from 167 consecutive cytological specimens of different origin were uploaded on the iPath platform and evaluated by four cytopathologists. Only wet-fixed and well-stained specimens were used. The consultants made specific diagnoses and categorized each as benign, suspicious or malignant. Results: For all consultants, specificity and sensitivity regarding categorized diagnoses were 83–92 and 85–93%, respectively; the overall accuracy was 88–90%. The interobserver agreement was substantial (κ = 0.791). The lowest rate of concordance was achieved in urine and bladder washings and in the identification of benign lesions. Conclusion: Using a digital image set for diagnostic purposes implies that even under optimal conditions the accuracy rate will not exceed to 80–90%, mainly because of lacking supportive immunocytochemical or molecular tests. This limitation does not disqualify digital images for teleconsulting or as a learning aid. The series of images used for the study are open to the public at http://pathorama.wordpress.com/extragenital-cytology-2013/.