Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:10:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rita Cassia.pdf: 920712 bytes, checksum: 92072273e126b85526c1a192289b3de2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-28 / This bibliographic research, related to the Teaching Formation and Professionalization research line of the Education Graduate Program of Universidade Federal de Goiás, analyzes Pedagogy Course Projects of public and private Universities in the state of Goiás, namely: Universidade Católica de Goiás UCG (private); Universidade Federal de Goiás UFG (public) and Universidade Estadual de Goiás UEG (public). Considering historical, political and social contexts, the caracteristics of each course's projects, of brazilian education from late 70's to the present time, as well as the qualitative aspects of the investigated reality, metodologically, we guide our study through the dialetic method. In this sense, the first chapter talks about concepts and conjectures inherent to the teaching profession, professionality and knowledge. Educational legislation and political view of each institution constitute founding elements for project dimensioning, and also for formation and understanding of historical and material characteristics that permeate the teaching profession. In the second chapter we discuss about Higher Education in Goiás, taking into account the researched institutions. In the third chapter, we elaborate the anaysis of Course Projects aiming to make a connection with theoretical references from the first chapter. Finally, we conclude that teaching professionality presents itself in the historical and temporal contradiction, sometimes as polical or ethical, on other times focused on pragmatism, but always requiring constant confrontation and reviewing while facing the historical devir present in the educational field. / Esta pesquisa bibliográfica, vinculada à linha de pesquisa Formação e Profissionalização Docente do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Goiás, analisa Projetos de Cursos de Pedagogia de Instituições Universitárias públicas e privadas do Estado de Goiás, quais sejam: Universidade Católica de Goiás UCG (privada); Universidade Federal de Goiás UFG (pública) e Universidade Estadual de Goiás UEG (pública). Considerando o contexto histórico, político e social, as características dos projetos de cada curso, da educação brasileira a partir do final dos anos de 1970 até os dias atuais, bem como os aspectos qualitativos da realidade investigada, metodologicamente, norteamos nosso estudo por meio do método dialético. Nesse sentido, no primeiro capítulo, objetivamos tratar dos conceitos e conjecturas inerentes à profissão, profissionalidade e aos saberes docentes. A legislação educacional e a direção política de cada instituição constituem-se em elementos fundantes para o dimensionamento dos projetos e, também, para a constituição e o entendimento das características históricas e materiais que permeiam a profissão docente. No segundo capítulo, tivemos como finalidade discutir sobre o Ensino Superior em Goiás levando-se em conta as Instituições pesquisadas. No terceiro, elaboramos a análise dos Projetos dos Cursos procurando fazer uma conexão com o referencial teórico constante do primeiro capítulo. A partir disso, concluímos que a profissionalidade docente apresenta-se na contradição histórica e temporal, ora como política e ética, ora focada no pragmatismo, porém, exigindo constantes confrontos e revisões em face do devir histórico presente no campo educacional.

Neste trabalho, são analisadas obras literárias autorreferenciadas que lidam com a figura do professor nas diversas identidades que ele possa assumir e representar no ensino em diferentes instituições escolares, tendo por fontes: Blackboard jungle, de Evan Hunter; Sale Prof!, de Nicolas Revol; Entre les murs, de François Bégadeau; Teacher man, de Frank McCourt; e os filmes: Entre les murs (Entre os muros da escola); e Blackboard jungle (Sementes da violência). Escritas e protagonizadas por professores, e representando situações escolares que se passam desde a segunda metade do século XX e o início do século XXI, tais obras são examinadas como textos culturais, com sentidos e representações culturais e sociais sobre a docência, atendendo aos seguintes objetivos: (1) examinar a constituição do ser professor e as representações sobre a docência nestas obras e a partir delas; (2) entrever multíplices discursos e representações socialmente circulantes sobre a docência; (3) discutir questões alusivas às obras literárias e cinematográficas a partir de elementos comuns ao universo escolar, concernentes ao ser professor e ao exercício da docência. Pela universalidade da profissão docente, mesmo em sistemas de ensino distintos, analisam-se as representações docentes em relação a: (1) alunos e famílias das camadas populares, socialmente excluídos, para os quais a escolaridade nem sempre faz sentido ou assume outras perspectivas; (2) crescentes demandas institucionais, sociais e pessoais sobre a atuação docente; (3) fracasso escolar e limites de atuação docente; (4) constituição da autoridade docente, expectativas de atuação e sentidos do trabalho docente para o próprio professor; (5) estabelecimento de um pacto de convivência satisfatório e possibilitador de múltiplas aprendizagens. O estudo dessas fontes permitiu observar que, na atividade performática da docência, a formação inicial e a obtenção de conhecimentos acadêmicos e pedagógicos consistem apenas numa parte do encaminhamento eficiente para a maioria das ocorrências em sala de aula. Cabe ao professor dar conta física e emocionalmente de conflitos, frustrações, êxitos e alegrias inerentes à atuação profissional. Uma inter-relação satisfatória deve ser fundamentada num contrato de convívio baseado em hierarquia, limites, regras e respeito mútuo. / An analysis of self-referential literature dealing with the teacher figure in the several identities it may take and represent in different teaching institutions, based on the following sources: Blackboard jungle, by Evan Hunter; Sale Prof!, by Nicolas Revol; Entre les murs, by François Bégadeau; Teacher man, by Frank McCourt; and the following films: Entre les murs and Blackboard jungle. Those works were written by teachers and have teachers as their main characters. They picture school situations encountered between the second half of the 20th century and the early 21th century. They are examined as cultural texts with cultural and social meanings and representations concerning teaching, with the purpose of: (1) examining the elements of being a teacher and how teaching is represented in those works and based on them; (2) taking a glimpse of the multiple socially circulating discourses and representations about teaching; (3) discussing issues related to literature and films based on elements common to the school universe, concerning being a teacher and the exercise of teaching. The universality of the teaching profession, even if under different teaching systems permits an analysis of the representations of teaching in relation to: (1) students and families belonging to lower income, socially excluded groups, for whom schooling does not always make sense or is seen from different standpoints; (2) the growing institutional, social and personal demands on the action of the teacher; (3) school failure and limits to the teacher actions (4) creation of the teaching authority, expected performance, expected action and meaning of teaching work to teachers themselves; (5) forming a satisfactory pact of survival that will permit multiple learnings. The study of those sources permitted noting that, in the performance of teaching activities, the initial background and the acquisition of academic and pedagogical knowledge are just a part of what is needed to efficiently deal with what happens in the classroom. It is the duty of the teacher to deal with conflicts, frustrations, successes and joys inherent to the teaching profession both from the physical and emotional standpoint. A satisfactory interrelation must be founded in a pact of conviviality based on hierarchy, limits, rules and mutual respect.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 glauciafabrivarneiromarques.pdf: 1481137 bytes, checksum: 92f608c174b9c1b11d13fe6df3fd7cfd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-06 / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal investigar as condições do trabalho docente e sua interferência no processo ensino-aprendizagem nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Como perspectiva metodológica optou-se pela concepção filosófica do Realismo Crítico, tendo por base alguns de seus princípios, segundo os quais se compreende o processo de pesquisa como uma busca contínua de fatores que se relacionam internamente e sustentam os fenômenos analisados, indo além das aparências observadas. Para o alcance do objetivo central, realizou-se inicialmente um levantamento da produção de estudos referentes ao trabalho docente e às condições de trabalho do professor a partir da década de 1990 no Brasil e na América Latina. Apesar da pouca produção de estudos que aprofundem mais o tema central, encontraram-se referências importantes que o abordavam em relação a aspectos fundamentais como à qualidade do ensino e a saúde docente. Podem ser citados, entre outros, os estudos de Tardif e Lessard; Campos e Körner; Codo; Sampaio e Marim. Também se destacam trabalhos organizados por diversos órgãos, tais como INEP, UNESCO e CNTE. Empenhou-se também na busca de uma organização e reflexão acerca das concepções relacionadas ao conceito de trabalho e profissão docente, analisando como elas se inserem no contexto atual e que repercussões apresentam no cotidiano escolar. Neste campo podem ser citados os trabalhos de Nóvoa,, Costa, Villela, Gadotti; Viannna. Com o propósito de articular o campo teórico do empírico, esse estudo também baseou-se em três fontes de dados. A primeira refere-se a dados primários, levantados no âmbito desse estudo, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas. As entrevistas foram realizadas com professor e coordenador de duas escolas de Juiz de Fora, (uma da rede estadual de ensino e outra da rede municipal) e com uma representante sindical de cada rede de ensino. As outras duas fontes são secundárias e referem-se respectivamente à pesquisa interinstitucional e ao Censo Escolar. Na pesquisa interinstitucional, analisaram-se questões relacionadas às condições de trabalho docente, que pudessem oferecer uma dimensão diferenciada aos assuntos abordados. Através do trabalho com o Censo Escolar, buscou-se enriquecer as análises sobre a relação entre infraestrutura escolar e qualidade do ensino. Os resultados obtidos com a realização desse estudo indicam a importância das condições de trabalho para o bom desenvolvimento do processo ensino-aprendizagem. No âmbito escolar, destacam-se as questões referentes à gestão escolar, número de alunos em sala, violência do entorno social e utilização de recursos e equipamentos escolares. Nos aspectos relacionados à carreira docente destacam-se o vínculo empregatício e o plano de carreira. Além de o processo ensino- aprendizagem sofrer interferência das condições de trabalho do professor, observou-se que a saúde docente, condição primeira para a efetivação do trabalho, não pode ser desvinculada das discussões relacionadas à qualidade do processo escolar. / This dissertation has for principal objective investigate the conditions of the teaching work and your interference in the teaching-apprenticeship process on the initial years of the Basic Teaching. The methodological perspective one chose like for the philosophical conception of the Critical Realism, taking some of his beginnings as a base, according to which the process of inquiry is understood like a continuous search of factors of that they make a list internally and support the analyzed phenomena, going besides the observed appearances. For the reach of the central objective, there happened initially a lifting of the production of studies referring to the teaching work and to the conditions of work of the teacher from the decade of 1990 in Brazil and in the Latin America. In spite of little production of studies that board in the more deep form the central subject, there were important references that were boarding it regarding basic aspects how to the quality of the teaching and to the teaching health. There can be quoted, between others, the studies of Tardif and Lessard; Campos and Körner; Codo; Sampaio and Marim. Also there stand out works organized by several organs, such as INEP, UNESCO and CNTE. It was pawned also in the search of an organization and reflection about the conceptions made a list to the concept of work and teaching profession, analyzing like them they are inserted in the current context and which repercussions they present in the school daily life. In this field the works of Nóvoa can be quoted, Costa, Villela, Gadotti; Viannna. With the purpose of articulating the theoretical field of the empirical one, this study also was based on three sources of data. The first one refers to primary data lifted in the context of this study, through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were carried out by teacher and coordinator of two Juiz de Fora schools, one of the state net of teaching and other one of the municipal net and by a syndical representative of each net of teaching. Others two sources are secondary and they refer respectively to the interinstitutional inquiry and School Census. In the interinstitutional inquiry there were analyzed questions made a list to the conditions of teaching work, which could offer a dimension differentiated to the boarded subjects. Through the work with the School Census it was looked to raise the quality of the analyses about the relationship between infrastructure of the school and the teaching quality. The results obtained with the realization of this study indicate the importance of the conditions of work for the good development of the process teaching-apprenticeship. In the school extent there stand out the questions referring to the school management, pupils' number in room, of I tip social violence over and use of resources and school equipments. In the aspects made a list to the teaching run there stand out the contract of employment and the plan of run. Besides the process I teach apprenticeship to suffer interference of the conditions of work of the teacher, it was noticed that the teaching health, first condition for a effective work, cannot be divested of the discussions made a list to the quality of the school process.

Le Sénégal est un pays en développement marqué par des ressources budgétaires très faibles et qui plus est, avec une démographie galopante (42,1% de la population ont moins de 15 ans) qui induit une forte population en âge d’aller à l’école. Face à cette équation, les autorités étatiques ont trouvé comme solution une contractualisation des enseignants qui permettrait d’atteindre la Scolarisation Primaire Universelle (SPU). Une politique conjoncturelle instaurée depuis 1995 qui est devenue structurelle aujourd’hui car elle demeure l’unique voie pour devenir enseignant à l’élémentaire comme dans le secondaire. De ce fait, dans les écoles élémentaires sénégalaises officient, actuellement, des titulaires qui sont des fonctionnaires et des contractuels qui n’ont ni le même mode de recrutement encore moins la même formation (si elle existe) et sont deux à trois fois moins rémunérés. Cette recherche porte sur ces enseignants de type nouveau et vise plus particulièrement à la compréhension du rapport qui les lie au métier enseignant qu’ils exercent dans des conditions particulières. Notre cadre théorique a permis de relever les déterminants du rapport au métier (le statut, l’image sociale, l’identité professionnelle et le rapport au savoir), et d’étudier le cas des contractuels à travers leur choix du métier, leur formation académique et professionnelle, et enfin leurs représentations du métier enseignant. Une recherche qualitative et interprétative qui s’est effectuée à MBacké dans la région de Diourbel dont la particularité est d’être la 3eme région la plus peuplée du Sénégal après Dakar la capitale, et Thiès, et pourtant la moins scolarisée du pays avec un Taux Brut d’Accès (TBA) de 79,9% au moment où il frôle 113,0% au niveau national. Cette recherche est basée sur une analyse sociohistorique d’évènements marquants du système éducatif sénégalais doublée d’une interprétation d’entretiens semi-directifs réalisés sur un échantillon de 25 interviewés composé d’inspecteurs de l’éducation, de directeurs d’école, de titulaires, de contractuels et de parents d’élèves. / Senegal is a developing country marked by very low budgetary resources and a rapid population growth (42.1% of the population are under 15 years) which indicates that a large primary school-aged population. To deal with this concern, state authorities have decided to recruit contractual teachers that would achieve Universal Primary Education (UPE-SPU). An economic policy implemented since 1995 has now become structural as being the only way to become a teacher at the elementary and secondary level. Therefore, classes teachers who are officials and contractual teachers are presently officiated at present in Senegalese elementary schools and do not benefit from the same recruitment method much less the same training (if any) and are two to three times lower paid.This work focuses on the type of new teachers and more particularly to the understanding of the relationship that binds them to the teaching profession they exercise under specific conditions. Our theoretical framework focus on the determinants of the relationship to work (status, social image, professional identity and the relationship to knowledge) and to study the case of contractual teachers through their job choice of, their academic and professional training and finally their representations of the teaching profession. A qualitative and interpretive research that is done in Mbacke, Diourbel whose particularity is to be Senegalese’s 3rd most populated region after the capital Dakar and Thiès, and yet the least educated in the country with a Gross Access Rate (GTR -TBA) 79.9% when it is near 113.0% nationally. This research is based on a socio historical milestone of the Senegalese education system coupled with an interpretation of semi-structured interviews with a sample of 25 respondents composed of inspectors of education, principals, owners, contractors and parents.

Enligt en prognos från Skolverket (2021) visar det att lärarbristen på behöriga lärare är alldeles för hög, vilket kan orsaka allvarliga konsekvenser om detta inte åtgärds. Vilket gör det intressant att undersöka vad som får folk att välja läraryrket eller får folk att lämna. I denna studie kommer sociologiska teorier till valet av läraryrket undersökas, med ett mer specifikt syfte att undersöka idrottslärares perspektiv på sitt yrkesval och vad som får dem att stanna kvar i yrket. Detta med hjälp av en kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer, där fem erfarna idrottslärare som har arbetat i högstadiet under minst fem års tid är respondenter i studien. Resultatet framlyser att ett allmänt intresse för idrott, engagemanget att arbeta med ungdomar och även tanken av att bidra till samhället var essentiella orsaker till yrkesvalet och vad som får dem att stanna. Resultatet påvisade även att psykosociala arbetsmiljön har en stor påverkan på varför folk lämnar yrket, och anses vara något som behövs fokuseras mer på för att åtgärda aktuella yrkesproblematiken. Sammanfattningsvis visar studien att idrottslärares sociala bakgrund och värderingar har en samband till yrkesvalet där positiva upplevelser av tidigare idrottserfarenhet kan anknytas ihop med yrkesvalet kombinerad med goda värderingar att vilja bidra till samhället. Respondenterna såg på sitt uppdrag som krävande och utmanade i och med de höga kraven som sätt på deras arbete, men även givande av tanken att veta hur betydelsefull yrket är för samhället. Det åtgärder som behövs är att satsa mer på en bra psykosocial arbetsmiljö och dessutom har ett bra samarbete i arbetslaget. / A study from Skolverket (2021) indicate that the shortage of qualified teachers is exceedingly high, which can cause serious consequences if not remedied. Making it interesting to examine what makes people choose the teaching profession and see what keeps them from leaving. The purpose of this study is therefore too specific examine physical education teachers’ perspective on their choice of profession and what makes them stay. To achieve results a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews is going to be composed, with five experienced physical educations teachers’ who have worked in a high school for at least five years as respondents. The results shows that a general interest in sports, the commitment to work with the youths and the idea of contributing to society were essential reasons for the choice of profession and the reasoning to stay. The results also showed that the psychosocial work environment has a great impact to pursue more people to stay at the profession, and in addition the most important case that address the current occupational issues. In conclusion, this study show that physical education teachers’ social background and values have a connection to the choice of profession, where positive experience of previous sports experience can be linked to the choice of profession combined with good values of wanting to contribute to society. The respondents saw their assignment as demanding and challenging due to the high work demands, however just the idea of knowing how important the profession is to society makes it worth it. The remedies needed are to invest more in a good psychosocial work environment and have a good collaboration between the work team.

This study was designed to discover which merit pay evaluation and implementation factors were considered important by members of the Florida Teaching Profession - National Education Association (FTP-NEA). Comparisons were made of opinions within various subgroups (district size, position within organization, sex, race, age, years teaching, highest degree earned, assignment, secondary assignment). The sample included the State Board of Directors, the Board of Directors of the United Faculty of Florida CUFF-university personnel), and FTP-NEA members in two-thirds of the local affiliates. All districts with support personnel groups were included. The questionnaire was comprised of merit pay factors which were cited most often in the literature, and factors being considered for Florida's State Master Teacher Program. The instrument included 15 evaluation and 25 implementation factors. Questionnaires were distributed by local affiliate presidents. The UFF board and state FTP-NEA board members were surveyed by mail. The results of 662 surveys were analyzed, using a Chi-square test for each factor for each subgroup within the sample. Respondents felt most strongly that "teaching experience/number of years teaching" and "administrator observations/evaluations" should be used as evaluation criteria in a merit pay plan. They were most opposed to "standardized teacher test scores" and "standardized student test scores," both "by school" and "by teacher." They agreed strongly with several of the implementation factors, including "each teacher should ahve access to his/her own records" and "an evaluation instrument should stress performance on the job in the assigned area." They were strongly against the use of a quota, extra pay for tecahers in shortage or alternative areas, and the involvement of business persons and legislators in planning a merit pay system. There were several Chi-square tests which produced valid, significant differences among various subgroups. Significant differences were evidenct in 26 cases for evaluation factors, and 14 cases for implementation factors. The largest numbers of significantly different opinions were in the categories of "sex" (10 factors) and "assignment" (8 factors). There were no significant differences among respondents with various seconday assignments and one significant difference between black and white responses.

La professionnalisation de l’enseignement a connu un essor important depuis la fin des années 1980, et ce dans plusieurs contextes sociaux. Depuis cette époque, la recherche sur le savoir des enseignants s’est développée dans le but de définir la nature des connaissances devant être à la base de l’enseignement, ce qui, en même temps, a changé les modèles de formation à l’enseignement. Les provinces canadiennes se sont vues insérées dans ce mouvement de professionnalisation de l’enseignement qui a induit des réformes et des changements dans les programmes de formation des enseignants. Cette recherche doctorale porte sur la professionnalisation, les savoirs et les programmes de formation des enseignants dans deux provinces canadiennes, le Québec et l’Ontario. Son objectif général était de cerner, dans une perspective comparative, comment les politiques de professionnalisation de la formation à l’enseignement développées par ces deux provinces ont été interprétées ces dernières décennies dans les programmes de formation au sein des universités. Pour ce faire, nous avons analysé, plus spécifiquement, trois enjeux qui touchent les savoirs des enseignants : les conceptions professionnelles et les savoirs dans la formation à l’enseignement; les standards et les référentiels de compétences encadrant cette formation; et les savoirs qui se trouvent dans les programmes de formation à l’enseignement primaire dans ces deux provinces. De ce fait, nous avons cherché à répondre à la question générale de recherche suivante : Comment les politiques de professionnalisation de la formation à l’enseignement développées par le Québec et l’Ontario ont-elles été traduites dans les programmes de formation universitaire? Et aux questions spécifiques suivantes : 1. Quelles sont les conceptions dominantes de la professionnalisation qui se dégagent des politiques éducatives ontariennes et québécoises? (1.1. Quelle est l’évolution des politiques éducatives qui encadrent la formation et la certification des enseignants dans ces deux provinces? 1.2. Comment évoluent les savoirs à la base de la formation des enseignants? Quels référentiels de compétences ou standards ont été proposés? 1.3. Quelle est la vision officielle actuelle du professionnel à former?) 2. Que deviennent les conceptions de la professionnalisation une fois traduites en programmes de formation dans les universités québécoises et ontariennes? (2.1. Comment sont conçus les savoirs professionnels dans les programmes de formation? 2.2. Est-ce qu’il y a des modalités d’articulation des cours théoriques et pratiques? Quelle est la place des stages? La place de la recherche? 2.3. Y a-t-il des différences entre ce que les enseignants sont censés apprendre selon le contexte ou, au contraire, une base de connaissances uniformisée est-elle visible entre ces deux contextes différents? Où se situent les différences?). Cette recherche pose ainsi la question du savoir formel à la lumière de la sociologie des professions, plus particulièrement à travers l’approche néo-wébérienne. Cette approche se situe à l’interieur de l’approche « critique » en sociologie des professions et s’inspire de Weber pour analyser la professionnalisation selon les enjeux économiques, politiques, historiques et académiques qui permettent à un groupe de métier de se voir octroyer une « fermeture sociale » et de réussir à se « professionnaliser ». En nous basant sur ce cadre théorique, et à travers une analyse de 70 documents politiques et de recherche, ainsi qu’une comparaison de programmes de formation dans 25 universités (12 au Québec et 13 en Ontario) et 1030 descriptifs de cours, nous avons établi des différences entre les deux provinces dans l’évolution de la conception du savoir enseignant et son influence sur les modèles de formation qui en ont découlé. Par exemple, nous avons démontré comment les conceptions des années 1950-1960 de la science pédagogique au Québec et de l’éducation libérale en Ontario ont conduit à des modèles de professionnalisation différents dans ces deux provinces. Au Québec, l’importance des compétences psychopédagogiques a amené un modèle de formation des enseignants plus « professionnalisé », tandis qu’en Ontario on a gardé un modèle combiné « académique » et « professionnel ». Nous avons également analysé et comparé le rôle de l’État dans la professionnalisation de l’enseignement, de même que son rôle actuel d’encadrement de la formation, ce qui nous a permis de constater qu’il y a une gouvernance politique au Québec et une gouvernance corporative en Ontario. Enfin, grâce à l’approche néo-wébérienne, cette recherche a permis d’établir une contribution nouvelle, sociologique et comparative, à l’évaluation critique de la formation des enseignants au Québec et en Ontario, notamment en mettant en relation l’évolution historique et sociologique du savoir; le rôle de l’État et les standards de formation et de certification des enseignants; ainsi que les modèles de formation et le savoir formel provenant de la formation et de la recherche universitaire. / The professionalization of teaching and teacher education has been a significant movement since the late 1980s in many social contexts. Since then, research on teachers' knowledge developed with the main objective of defining the nature of the knowledge base of teaching, which, at the same time, changed teacher education models. Canadian provinces were not spared by this movement, which induced reforms and changes in teacher education programs. This doctoral research focuses on the professionalization of teaching and teacher education, and on teachers’ knowledge base, in two Canadian provinces: Quebec and Ontario. Our general objective was to identify, in a comparative perspective, how universities in these two provinces translated the policies of professionalization of teaching and teacher education, as well as the evolution of teachers’ knowledge, into teacher education programs during recent decades. To this end, we analyzed, more specifically, three issues relating to teachers’ knowledge: the conceptions of teaching as a profession and the knowledge base for teaching that should respectively guide and be included in teacher education programs in each of the provinces; the standards and skills that frame these programs; and the knowledge base that is actually present in teacher education programs (primary/junior). Thereby, we set out to answer the following research questions: How have the policies for the professionalization of teacher education developed by Quebec and Ontario been translated into university training programs? More specifically: 1. What are the dominant conceptions of professionalization emerging from Ontario and Quebec educational policies? (1.1. What has been the evolution of the educational policies governing teacher education and certification in these two provinces? 1.2. How has the knowledge base of teacher education evolved, and what competency frameworks or standards have been proposed? 1.3. What is the current official vision of the professional teacher to be trained) 2. What happens to the conceptions of professionalization when translated into teacher education programs in universities in Quebec and Ontario? (2.1. How is the professional knowledge base conceived in teacher education programs? 2.2. Are there ways of articulating theoretical and practical courses? What is the place of the practicum and research in the programs? 2.3. Are there any differences in what teachers are expected to learn depending on the context or, on the contrary, is a standardized knowledge base visible in these two different contexts? Where can we find these differences?). This research thus raises the question about the teachers’ formal knowledge in the light of the sociology of professions, particularly through the neo-Weberian approach. This approach is situated within the “critical” approach in the field of the sociology of professions and is inspired by Weber to analyze professionalization according to the economic, political, historical and academic stakes that allow a group of workers to be awarded a “social closure” and to succeed in their “professionalization” process. Based on this theoretical framework, and through the analysis of 70 political and research documents, and a comparison of teacher education programs in 25 universities (12 in Quebec and 13 in Ontario) and 1030 courses descriptions, we identified a number of differences between these two provinces in the evolution of the official conception of the teachers’ knowledge base and its influence on the teacher education models that ensued. For example, we demonstrated how the conceptions of teachers’ knowledge in the 1950s and the 1960s (pedagogy as science in Quebec, and liberal education in Ontario), have influenced current models of professionalization in the two provinces. In Quebec, the importance of psycho-pedagogical skills led to a more “professionalized” teacher education model, while Ontario maintained a combined “academic” and “professional” model . We also analyzed and compared the role of the State in the professionalization of teaching as well as its current role of supervision of teacher education. This led to the finding that the governance of teacher education and the teaching profession is political in Quebec and corporatist in Ontario. Overall, the neo-Weberian approach enabled us to make a new contribution, sociological and comparative, to the critical examination of teacher education in Quebec and Ontario, in particular by linking the historical evolution of teachers’ knowledge, the role of the State, the teacher education models, and the current formal knowledge base for teaching that comes from university research and programs.

La réflexion sur l’intégration au travail des nouvelles enseignantes touche de plus en plus la communauté des chercheurs en éducation. Avec la valorisation de la pratique réflexive, l’enseignante se voit plus que par le passé autorisé à exercer une grande liberté d’action dans son travail, ainsi qu’une grande autonomie en ce qui à trait à l’exécution de sa tâche. Cette liberté peut être lourde à porter, surtout lorsqu’on entre dans le métier. Aussi, pour soutenir cette liberté et la diriger, la référence aux valeurs demeure fondamentale. Dans le présent mémoire, nous tentons d’en savoir plus sur les valeurs qui animent ces nouvelles venues, et comment celles-ci les aident à vivre leur intégration et à concevoir leur place dans le métier. La cueillette des données effectuée à partir de leurs réflexions, souvent profondes, sur les valeurs personnelles, les valeurs au travail et le rapport au métier, permet une analyse du discours basée sur le ressenti et l’expérience. C’est en puisant dans les thèses de la modernité et de la postmodernité, toutes deux parlantes quant à l’époque actuelle, que nous tentons de mieux cerner et induire les valeurs propres aux enseignantes ayant participé à notre étude phénoménologique de type exploratoire. Grâce à l’analyse de contenu, nous sommes à même de constater que malgré une ligne de partage présente entre certaines valeurs dites modernes et postmodernes, il n’en demeure pas moins qu’une tendance se dessine : nos nouvelles enseignantes désirent être fidèles d’abord et avant tout à elles-mêmes, même si cela implique l’abandon du métier qu’elles envisagent toutes comme une possibilité, sans exception. Cela en dit long sur leurs priorités et leurs valeurs au travail. Il est clair qu’elles travaillent de manière à se sentir authentiques, toujours avec le souci de savoir s’adapter aux nouvelles situations. Cependant, même si certaines d’entre elles trouvent plus ardu de s’adapter à une demande en matière de flexibilité professionnelle à la hausse, il n’en demeure pas moins que la flexibilité au travail est un élément désormais bien intégré à l’habitus professionnel des enseignantes pratiquant depuis dix ans et moins. Si postmodernes que ça nos nouvelles enseignantes? Oui. / The integration of new teachers in their working environment is more and more the focus of interest in the education research community. With the upcoming of reflexive practice methods, there is a large space for autonomy in nowadays teaching environments, which can be heavy to handle especially at the beginning of professional practice. Facing this freedom implies a reference to certain values in order to handle well educational tasks. This master focuses on those values which are inspiring young teachers and help them deal with the beginning of their profession. Furthermore this work provides an analysis, based on deep reflections of new teachers, which gives an intuitive sense of their values and relations concerning their workplace. The interpretation of our data is done through the perspectives of modernity and postmodernity, which presently seem to have an important impact on young educators professional values. The analysis of the survey underlying this work shows, in spite of the presence of common modern and postmodern values, a significant interesting tendency. The interrogated teachers seem to be foremost true to themselves, even if it leads to the abandonment of their profession, a fact which seems to be a reflection of the balance between their professional priorities and their personal values. It is obvious that these young teaching professionals aspire to work in the most possible authentic way. Even if some of them deal with difficulties in facing work flexibility and adaptation, the analysis confirms that these values are well integrated in their professional habitus.

The thesis is dealing with the problematics of burnout syndrome and engagement in teaching profession in different types of schools and grades. Its objective is to detect the degree of burnout in a selected sample of teachers and map the main determinants of contentment related to engaged teachers. The theoretical part defines the concept of burnout syndrome, its development, progress, signs, causes and diagnostics. It clarifies the development of burnout in teaching profession. Furthermore, it describes the key characteristics of engagement, the diagnostic methods and the relationship between teaching and engagement. The empiric part has two goals: to find out the degree of burnout in teachers and depict the essential factors which contribute to their engagement. The research was based on questionnaires and interviews and answered the research questions. The results are presented in tables and graphs. In conclusion, there are some suggestions how to lower the risk of genesis and growth of burnout syndrome. KEY WORDS Burnout syndrome, work load, stress, emotional exhaustion, fatigue, teaching profession, engagement, flow, well-being.

The thesis "Beginning teacher from the point of view of dealing with professional qualities" reacts to the actual theme of seeking professional competencies of teachers and of suitable evaluation methods. It focuses on the work of beginning teachers and their professional quality and on further incentives for their professional growth. At the same time identifies what helps novice teachers during the first years of teaching activities. In the theoretical part knowledge and opinions of specialists are summarized and organized into three chapters. The experts were selected according to themes: teacher quality, professional competence, teaching profession, training of teachers and their support in practice. The practical part presents qualitative research which through the research methods (questionnaire, interview, data analysis, case study) describes the reality of beginning teachers work in primary school. The research try to answer the question: How teachers in the early years of practice manage its activities to evaluate their professional quality, what are dealing with and what helps them to be a good teacher. The most challenging task for beginning teachers is the timing of educational activities and managing with everyday practical and administrative activities. They are sure in the areas of...