No âmbito da formação superior em enfermagem, metodologias híbridas e ativas de ensino têm sido desenvolvidas e implementadas visando a um ensino de qualidade e à preparação de profissionais enfermeiros para o mercado de trabalho. No que concerne à formação de enfermeiros para atuar em situações de parada cardiorrespiratória (PCR) em pediatria, este estudo teve como objetivos desenvolver e validar um material educativo, composto por um vídeo educativo, um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem e um cenário de simulação clínica sobre o manejo da PCR pediátrica ocasionada por insuficiência respiratória. Tratou-se de um estudo metodológico, de abordagem quantitativa, que contou com a participação de juízes experts e alunos de enfermagem de uma universidade pública do Estado de São Paulo. Para o desenvolvimento dos materiais, utilizaram-se os referenciais metodológicos de Fleming, Reynolds e Wallace (2009) para o vídeo educativo; de Filatro (2008) para o ambiente virtual de aprendizagem; e de Jeffries (2012) e Fabbri et al. (2017) para o cenário de simulação clínica. Após elaboração de um caso clínico a partir de revisão de literatura sobre a temática e baseado nas diretrizes da American Heart Association dos anos de 2015 e 2017, este foi validado por dez juízes experts de quatro regiões do país. As sugestões versaram sobre a alteração das palavras no texto para melhor compreensão do conteúdo proposto, com 80% ou mais de concordância de adequação do caso clínico na primeira rodada de avaliação. Após validado, adaptou-se o caso clínico para a confecção do vídeo educativo. As ações contidas no caso clínico foram filmadas em ambiente laboratorial de uma instituição de ensino superior pública, contou com a participação de seis atores e um manequim de alta fidelidade e resultou em um vídeo de 9 min. e 57 s. Este, por sua vez, foi validado por duas juízes e um técnico especialista em comunicação. Na finalização do material educativo, criou-se um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA) dentro da plataforma Moodle, onde se inseriram o vídeo educativo, formulário de caracterização dos participantes e materiais adicionais para a construção do conhecimento acerca da temática. O caso clínico também foi utilizado para que o cenário de simulação clínica fosse desenvolvido. Posteriormente à vivência da simulação, estudantes validaram esse cenário. Para a validação do material educativo (vídeo, simulação e AVA), utilizaram-se questionários adaptados, no formato de escala de Likert, com questões específicas para cada material. Houve avaliação positiva para todos os itens dos três materiais, com concordância igual ou superior a 80%, à exceção do item referente ao feedback imediato do AVA (64%). Assim, considerou-se adequado o processo de desenvolvimento e validação do material educativo. Este estudo proporcionou o conhecimento desse processo que resultou em ferramenta de ensino híbrida sobre o manejo da PCR pediátrica por insuficiência respiratória. A proposta de vídeo educativo, ambiente virtual de aprendizagem e simulação clínica despertou o interesse dos alunos sobre o cuidado de enfermagem à criança em PCR decorrente de IR e é um tipo de abordagem bem aceita por essa população / Within the context of higher education in Nursing, active and hybrid teaching methodologies have been developed and implemented seeking a quality education and the training of professional nurses for the labor market. Regarding the training of nurses to work on pediatric Cardiorespiratory Arrest (CRA) situations, this study aimed to develop and validate an educational material consisting of an educational video, a virtual learning environment and a clinical simulation scenario about the handling of pediatric PCR caused by respiratory failure. This was a methodological study with a quantitative approach which involved expert judges and nursing students who attended a public university in São Paulo State. For the material preparation, the methodology proposed by Fleming, Reynolds and Wallace (2009) was applied to create the educational video. Also, the methodological standards proposed by Filatro (2008), Jeffries (2012) and Fabbri et al. (2017) were used for the virtual learning environment and for the clinical simulation scenario, respectively. After elaborating a clinical case based on literature review on this theme and as per 2015 and 2017 American Heart Association\'s guidelines, this one was validated by ten expert judges from four Brazilian regions. They suggested to change the words in the text for better understanding the proposed content, with 80% or higher concordance adequacy of the clinical case for the first evaluation round. After validation, the clinical case was adapted to create the educational video. The actions in the clinical case were shot in a laboratory setting at a public higher education institution, counted on the participation of six actors and a high-fidelity manikin and resulted in an almost 10-minute long video. This video, on its turn, was validated by two judges and a technical expert in communication. At the completion of the educational video, a virtual learning environment (VLE) was created within the Moodle platform where the educational video, the characterization of participants and additional material to build knowledge on this theme were placed. The simulation scenario was developed based on this clinical case. After participating in the simulation, the students validated this scenario. For the educational material (video, simulation and VLE) validation, Likert-scale adapted questionnaires were delivered with specific questions to each material. All the items contained in the three materials was positively evaluated, with 80% or higher concordance, except for the item concerning the immediate feedback of VLE (64%). Therefore, the development and validation process of the educational material was considered appropriate. Through this study, it was possible to know this process that resulted on a hybrid educational material on handling pediatric PCR caused by respiratory failure. The proposal of an educational video, a virtual learning environment and a clinical simulation made students interested in providing Nursing care to children with CRA caused by RF and is an approach accepted by this population

<p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>A textbook is a key component in the arsenal of a teacher of English. For this reason, it is of importance that textbooksused in Swedish schools are compliant with the fundamental values of equality, provided in the LPO 94. I will attempt to discover the extent to which English textbooks present males and females in non-stereotyped ways and as equal. I want to provide an overview to show how they deal with gender issues. In addition, I aim at establish whether there are any connection between learning and gender, and whether it hinders the pupil’s language learning.</p><p>My analysis will draw on previous research  and theories presented by prominent figures in the field, such as, Butler (1990), Mills (1995), Renner (1997), Ravitch (2004) and Jones, Kitetu & Jane Sunderland (1997)among others. Thereafter, these theories, and my own research will be compared, to and contrasted with the guidelines from the Swedish National Agency of Education.</p><p>This dissertation comprises a qualitative critical discourse analysis of two randomly selected textbooks that have been, or are being used, in Swedish secondary schools. For my study, I have chosen <em>Team 8</em> (1984) and <em>Wings 8</em> (2000).</p><p>In my analyses, a number of different aspects will be taken into consideration, such as the   gender distribution of narrators, main characters and sub characters, as well as the   description of gender/gender roles, and the representation of gender in illustrations. Further, I will study what kind of language is used: the extent to which it is gendered or de-gendered language.  These aspects will be collected quantitatively.</p><p>The findings from the analysis show that the language in <em>Wings 8</em> gives a broad and non-stereotypic view of gender roles, which is in accordance with the fundamental values of LPO 94. However, the illustrations tend to portray males and females in what can be considered as quite stereotypical.</p><p><em>Team 8</em>, on the other hand, contains gendered language and male dominance; women were placed in the background or left out completely.  Therefore, <em>Team 8 </em>would not be deemed to be compliant with<em> the </em>requirements set by the Swedish National Agency of Education today.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Key words:</strong> Education, teaching material, Wings, Team 8, gender, critical discourse analysis.</p>

<p>The objective of this essay has been to show how the image of the Soviet Union in “Alla tiders historia” differs in the 1989 and 2004 editions of the book. To explain these differences I have used a discourse analytic perspective, mainly inspired by Michel Foucault and his philosophical theories of the constructions of objects, and also Faircloughs critical discourse analysis inspired by Gramsci.</p><p>In this paper the two editions of “Alla tiders historia” are presented with quotes which are then analysed from using my theoretical framework. In the 1989 edition three themes emerged: continuity, undecidability and ambivalence, which together present an image of a Soviet Union which is not clearly defined within the political discourse.</p><p>In the 2004 edition this struggle over the discourse has been settled and the Soviet Union’s position as a dictatorship has been determined, at the same time as the Soviet Union is put in a negative relationship with Czar Russia and is connected with Nazi Germany. The hypothesis which this essay presume, that these differences reflect a greater discoursive shift on a social level has taken place since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 is in a sense confirmed.</p>

<p>Detta är en kvalitativ uppsats med syfte att ge en inblick i hur ett antal läroböcker och lärare valt att belysa Sveriges nationella minoritetsspråk i Svenska B på gymnasiet. Jag har analyserat fem läroböcker böcker i svenska, samtliga utgivna efter år 2000. Analysen visade att alla analyserade böcker utom en har gett minoritetsspråken mycket lite utrymme. Informationen i majoriteten av böckerna fokuserar på vilka minoritetsspråken är och vilka rättigheter de sedan 2000 erhållit. I tre av de analyserade böckerna nämns den historiska aspekten men informationen är ofta tagen ur sin kontext. Till studien intervjuades också tre verksamma gymnasielärare i svenska med avsikten att ta reda hur de tolkar minoritetsspråkens roll i Svenska B. Resultatet visade att samtliga informanter gav minoritetsspråken mycket lite och ibland inget utrymme i Svenska B. Sammanfattningsvis kan sägas att minoritetsspråken varken i den analyserade litteraturen eller av de intervjuade lärarna gavs vidare stort utrymme.</p> / <p>This is a qualitative essay in order to study how a number of textbooks and teachers illuminate Sweden’s national minority languages in the B-course in Swedish, in the upper secondary school. Five Swedish textbooks, published after year 2000 has been analysed which showed that all books except one gave the minority languages little room and that the information in the majority of textbooks was focused on which languages that are the minority languages and the rights they have received. In three books of five, the historical aspect is mentioned but it is often taken out of its context. For the study I also interviewed three active Swedish teachers with the intention to find out there view on the minority languages role in the Swedish b-course. The result showed that all teachers gave the minority languages very little or sometimes no space at all.</p>

Detta är en kvalitativ uppsats med syfte att ge en inblick i hur ett antal läroböcker och lärare valt att belysa Sveriges nationella minoritetsspråk i Svenska B på gymnasiet. Jag har analyserat fem läroböcker böcker i svenska, samtliga utgivna efter år 2000. Analysen visade att alla analyserade böcker utom en har gett minoritetsspråken mycket lite utrymme. Informationen i majoriteten av böckerna fokuserar på vilka minoritetsspråken är och vilka rättigheter de sedan 2000 erhållit. I tre av de analyserade böckerna nämns den historiska aspekten men informationen är ofta tagen ur sin kontext. Till studien intervjuades också tre verksamma gymnasielärare i svenska med avsikten att ta reda hur de tolkar minoritetsspråkens roll i Svenska B. Resultatet visade att samtliga informanter gav minoritetsspråken mycket lite och ibland inget utrymme i Svenska B. Sammanfattningsvis kan sägas att minoritetsspråken varken i den analyserade litteraturen eller av de intervjuade lärarna gavs vidare stort utrymme. / This is a qualitative essay in order to study how a number of textbooks and teachers illuminate Sweden’s national minority languages in the B-course in Swedish, in the upper secondary school. Five Swedish textbooks, published after year 2000 has been analysed which showed that all books except one gave the minority languages little room and that the information in the majority of textbooks was focused on which languages that are the minority languages and the rights they have received. In three books of five, the historical aspect is mentioned but it is often taken out of its context. For the study I also interviewed three active Swedish teachers with the intention to find out there view on the minority languages role in the Swedish b-course. The result showed that all teachers gave the minority languages very little or sometimes no space at all.

The objective of this essay has been to show how the image of the Soviet Union in “Alla tiders historia” differs in the 1989 and 2004 editions of the book. To explain these differences I have used a discourse analytic perspective, mainly inspired by Michel Foucault and his philosophical theories of the constructions of objects, and also Faircloughs critical discourse analysis inspired by Gramsci. In this paper the two editions of “Alla tiders historia” are presented with quotes which are then analysed from using my theoretical framework. In the 1989 edition three themes emerged: continuity, undecidability and ambivalence, which together present an image of a Soviet Union which is not clearly defined within the political discourse. In the 2004 edition this struggle over the discourse has been settled and the Soviet Union’s position as a dictatorship has been determined, at the same time as the Soviet Union is put in a negative relationship with Czar Russia and is connected with Nazi Germany. The hypothesis which this essay presume, that these differences reflect a greater discoursive shift on a social level has taken place since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 is in a sense confirmed.

In this thesis I set out to study how the reading of fictional literature is viewed, legitimatized and operationalized in two educational domains: the recently revised steering documents that all Swedish teachers must relate to, as well as a selection of teaching materials designed for education in the Swedish language for upper secondary school. The teaching material I have studied has been recently updated in order to correspond with the new steering documents. I relate my analysis to previous research about the use of fiction in education, and I also combine my analysis of the two educational domains to see whether the underlying intentions of the steering documents have influenced the revision of the teaching material. The outcome indicates that the steering documents’ previous focus on culture has diminished although a certain insecurity as to how to use the concept and deal with the issue of whose culture should be taught can be identified. The hierarchy between different “subjects” within Swedish language education remains, as well as the ambivalent view on literary canon. The steering documents for upper secondary school Swedish remain remarkably uncritical where the reading of fiction is concerned. In my analysis of the teaching material, I find that while the new steering documents’ focus on methods and concepts from traditional literary criticism has affected the material, it has not resulted in an increase of text-centered assignments in the teaching material.

The challenge is providing teachers with the resources they need to strengthen their instructions and better prepare students for the jobs of the 21st Century. Technology can help meet the challenge. Teachers’ Tryscience is a noncommercial offer, developed by the New York Hall of Science, TeachEngineering, the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards and IBM Citizenship to provide teachers with such resources. The workshop provides deeper insight into this tool and discussion of how to support teaching of informatics in schools.

This thesis is concerned with how identity is connected to historical writings and what normsshapes the perspectives of history. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibilitiesfor identification offered in history books used for history teaching. This study is concernedwith what role the nation plays and how it shapes the conception of history, with the hope ofcounteracting negative attitudes towards those not being identified as “Swedish” in the historytelling.The study was conducted through discourse analysis. The material for this analysis consistedof three history books directed towards 4-6th graders.The study shows how identity is created through putting “us” against “them”. The Swedishnation is the principal starting point of identity formation in the study material. It is in broadercontexts replaced by an western “us”. The rest of the world is only mentioned sparsely inrelation to this western “us”. The past is used to create a source of collective identity. Thenation constitutes an unquestioned base of unity. The nationalism and the history telling isconnected to ideas of social evolution. The western thinking and development is being presented as superior.

Αντικείμενο της παρούσας εργασίας αποτέλεσε ο σχεδιασμός του γλωσσικού μαθήματος για τους μη φυσικούς ομιλητές της ελληνικής γλώσσας που φοιτούν στο δημοτικό σχολείο με βάση τον αντίστοιχο σχεδιασμό του γλωσσικού μαθήματος που εκπονήθηκε στο πλαίσιο του Προγράμματος Εκπαίδευσης Μουσουλμανοπαίδων. Αρχικά εντοπίστηκαν και καταγράφηκαν οι κειμενικοί και γραμματικοί στόχοι των σχολικών εγχειριδίων της Γ και Δ τάξης του δημοτικού σχολείου που εκπονήθηκαν στο πλαίσιο του Π.Ε.Μ. Στη συνέχεια έγινε εφαρμογή αυτού του γλωσσικού σχεδιασμού στα σχολικά εγχειρίδια της Γ και Δ τάξης που διδάσκονται σε όλα τα δημοτικά σχολεία της ελληνικής επικράτειας. Η έρευνα εντάσσεται στο πλαίσιο του ευρύτερου επιστημονικού ενδιαφέροντος για τη διδασκαλία της ελληνικής γλώσσας ως ξένης. Πρωταρχικός της στόχος ήταν να αναζητήσει σε ποιο βαθμό ο σχεδιασμός του γλωσσικού μαθήματος μέσα από τα σχολικά εγχειρίδια του Π.Ι. είναι κατάλληλος και για τους αλλόγλωσσους μαθητές του ελληνικού σχολείου. Βασικό κριτήριο για αυτή την εφαρμογή υπήρξε ο γλωσσικός σχεδιασμός του Π.Ε.Μ. Συγκεκριμένα ερευνήθηκαν οι κειμενικοί και οι γραμματικοί στόχοι (φωνολογία, μορφολογία, σύνταξη) των σχολικών εγχειριδίων της Γ και Δ τάξης του δημοτικού σχολείου. Η ανάλυση της έρευνας έδειξε πως ένα μεγάλο μέρος των κειμενικών και γραμματικών στόχων των σχολικών εγχειριδίων είναι πολύ απαιτητικοί για τους αλλόγλωσσους μαθητές αυτών των τάξεων. Μερικοί από αυτούς τους στόχους μπορούν ενδεχομένως να εφαρμοστούν μερικώς και άλλοι υπό κάποιες προϋποθέσεις. Η ύπαρξη του ενός και μοναδικού σχολικού εγχειριδίου στο ελληνικό σχολείο, διαμορφωμένου μάλιστα με βάση ένα σχεδιασμό για μαθητές φυσικούς ομιλητές της ελληνικής γλώσσας, αποτελεί ένα από τα μεγαλύτερα εμπόδια για την υιοθέτηση και εφαρμογή προσαρμοσμένου με τις εκάστοτε ανάγκες διδακτικού υλικού. Η υιοθέτηση του πολλαπλού-εναλλακτικού βιβλίου που θα καλύπτει τις ιδιαίτερες ανάγκες των μαθητών και θα επιτρέπει την αυτενέργεια των εκπαιδευτικών θεωρείται απαραίτητη. / -