The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptions of the preschool teachers, working with the preschool bus, regarding challenges and children's interactions in different learning environments offered by mobile preschool. The metod used in this study is the qualitative semi-structured interviews with four preschool teachers. The theoretical ground used to perform the analyse in the study is represented by socio-cultural perspective and hermeneutic research effort.  The study shows that the interaction between children is the same in all environments but that the interaction between children and the environment might be different depending on the development and intrests of the preschool children. The survey shows that this interaction between children and the environment begins before the bus week and that the starting point in the interaction can be expressed by intrest, bus destinations and preschool topic. The survey shows that one challenge might be that the preschool children need to be able to adapt to more environments than they are used to. The survey even shows that such challenge can be even greater if there are children with special needs in the group. The preschool bus can be also a challenge in bad weather days since the children have to share space and material.

I föreliggande studie är syftet att få en djupare förståelse för hur instrumentalister i olika genrer arbetar för att memorera musik och vad som eventuellt skiljer sig mellan de valda metoderna, arbetssätten och verktygen som används. Detta undersöks utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. Bakgrundskapitlet tar upp tidigare forskning om det mänskliga minnet, hur vi minns saker generellt samt om skillnader mellan klassiska musiker och folkmusiker inom processen att minnas musik. Sedan presenteras metoderna som används i arbetet. Det är semistrukturerade intervjuer och tematisk analys tillsammans med en komparativ forskningsdesign. Därefter följer resultatet som visar att det förekommer både skillnader och likheter mellan de båda genrerna och även bland intervjupersonerna inom samma genre under processen att memorera musik utantill. Vidare framkommer även vilka de två mest använda verktygen för att memorera musik utantill är och om det är möjligt att memorera musik utan ett instrument närvarande. Slutligen diskuteras resultaten med kopplingar tillbaka till de tidigare kapitlen och det valda teoretiska perspektivet. / In the present study, the aim is to gain a deeper understanding of how the musicians in different genres work to memorize music by heart and what might differ in the chosen methods, procedures and tools that is used. This must be examined on the basis of a socio-cultural perspective. The background highlights earlier research about the human mind, how we remember things in general, and about the differences between classical musicians and folk musicians in the process that is memorizing music. Thereafter is the methods used in this study presented. They include semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis together with a comparative research design. This is followed by the result which shows that there are both similarities and differences between the two genres and even among interviewees within the same genre in the process of memorizing the music by heart. Further will the two most commonly used tools for memorizing music be presented, and the answer to whether it is possible to memorize music without using an instrument. Then the results will be discussed with links back to the previous chapters and the chosen theoretical perspective.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to find out how educators think about the design of play environment and its significance for the development and learning of the children. This study is based on qualitative interviews with five active educators. The results of the study show that the educators are looking out for the interest of the children to the largest extent possible when the play environments are designed. The theoretical outset of this study is based on a socio-cultural perspective. The result of the study also shows that the educators try to have as much materials available and visible for the children as possible. The educators pointed out that usage of recycled material is really important. Recycled materials leave plenty of opportunities for the children to use their imagination and creativity. For the educators to be able to provide motivational activity zones there has to be a wide variety of inspiring materials at preschools. This leads to development and learning for the children. Furthermore the result showed that the educators regarded large children’s groups as obstacles. The facilities of preschools are too small for these large groups. It affects sound levels, indoor temperatures and humidity inside the facilities. In addition the results showed that the ability to design good play environments is dependent on preschools having educated staff. Also evidence was found supporting the fact that there are staff shortages, which according to the educators, mean that it is difficult to create optimal play environments.

The study analyses four of Elsa Beskow´s picture books from a gender perspective and with character analyis as the method. The aim is to find out how gender is presented in the picture books and how the books reflect their time. The study also discusses how the books can be used in today´s school. The result shows that the men in the four works have the greatest power. They are portrayed as deciding and dominating everything. The character analysis also shows that they are portrayed as being surly rather than cheerful. The women and the girls in the works are portrayed as capable, caring and cautious. The school curriculum states that school should aim to ensure that all pupils are treated equally regardless for sex. Beskow´s works reflect the gender roles that prevailed around 1900, and teachers need to be aware of this when the works are used in school today.

Syftet med undersökningen är att ta reda på hur pedagoger i förskolan ser på sitt deltagande i barns lek. Det finns även ett intresse för att undersöka hur pedagogerna anser sig kunna påverka barnen genom den miljö som finns på förskolan. Därmed vill jag själv få en djupare förståelse för hur mitt agerande som pedagog kan påverkar barnen i verksamheten. De frågeställningar som är vägledande i mitt arbete är: Vilken betydelse anser sig pedagogerna ha i barns lek? Vad anser pedagogerna om sina möjligheter att påverka miljön i förskolan? Vilken betydelse får min närvaro i barnens lek och hur kan jag som pedagog anpassa miljön för att stimulera barns lek på bästa sätt? För att utforska detta har jag valt att använda mig av litteratur, forskning och kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna har genomförts på två olika förskolor med hjälp av fyra pedagoger.   Studien har visat att pedagogerna har en stor påverkan på barnen i deras lek. Hur pedagogerna väljer att delta i leken får betydelse för vilka kunskaper barnen kommer erövra. Studien visar även att miljön som barnen har runt om sig får betydelse för vilka lekar som uppstår. / The purpose with this survey is to find out how teacher´s in preschool see on their participation in children’s play. There is also an interest to find out if teachers believe they can affect the children through the environment in preschool. My curiosity is based on whether or not I as a teacher can affect the children in preschool.   My work is based on three questions: Which meaning does teachers think they have in children’s play? What possibilities do the teacher´s think they have to affect the environment in the preschool? What effect has my presence in the children’s play and how can I adjust the environment to stimulate the play?   To explore this I had help from literature, research and qualitative semi-structured interviews. I interviewed four teacher´s in two different preschools.  The studies have shown that teacher´s participation has great influence on the children’s play. How teacher´s choose to participate in the play has great meaning for the experience the children carries with them. The study also shows that the environment is important for which play the children emerges in.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to look at how the educationalists think and work when creating play environments in preschool for children with special needs. The goal is also to show what the educationalists see as possibilities and limitations in modelling their work. The study is based on qualitative interviews with five educators in the working environment. The theoretical outset of this study is based on a socio-cultural perspective. The results showed that the educators create different environments to suit the needs for all children. The play environment are shaped to inspire, challenge and educate. The results showed that the choice of different materials is of great importance in play environments. What the educators strive for in their work is to show visibility and give appropriate access to these materials. There needs to be an appropriate amount of impressions for the children in order for them to maintain their level of focus and concentration. Materials that allow the senses to be activated were shown to be the most important for children with special needs. This can give the children the stimulants they need to be able to learn and develop. In addition the result demonstrates a number of obstacles when modelling play environments. This could be a result of poor financial situations or poor facilities. What is very clear is that when creating and developing play environments it comes down to the educators to be resourceful and creative with the means at hand.

Syftet med studien är att utforska vilka uppfattningar fyra musikutbildade personer med erfarenhet av äldre har när det gäller musik och äldre. Forskning om sambandet mellan musik och äldre är nästintill frånvarande och den forskning som finns om ämnet rör sig främst kring musik och demenssjukdom. Denna studie tar utgångspunkt i en kombination av forskning om äldre i allmänhet och forskning om äldre med demenssjukdom.   För att söka svar på syfte och forskningsfrågor tar studien sin utgångspunkt i kvalitativa intervjuer, där en semistrukturerad intervjuform i samtal med informanterna har utgjort studiens huvudsakliga forskningsmetod. Studiens informanter har varierad bakgrund, men har gemensamt att de alla är utbildade inom musikpedagogik eller musikterapi och arbetar eller har arbetat med musik för äldre på institution. I studien framkommer en enighet där informanterna menar att musik kan påverka äldre både fysiskt, emotionellt, kognitivt och socialt. / The purpose of this study is to explore the thoughts of four persons with formal training in music and their experiences with music and elderlies. Former research of music and elderlies is almost non-existent and the research available is mainly concentrated to the subject music and elderlies with dementia. This study is therefore based on a combination of research of music and elderlies in general and research of music and elderlies with dementia.   The method consists of qualitative interviews, here defined as a semi-structured interview form in dialogue with the informants. The informants have varied backgrounds, but they have in common that they are formally trained in music pedagogy and/or music therapy and work, or have worked, with music and elderlies in an institution. The four informants believe that music may affect the elderlies physically, emotionally, cognitively and socially.

Syftet med studien är att få djupare insikt i sångpedagogers syn på Time och Sväng samt hur de didaktiskt arbetar med dessa aspekter. Det saknas mer omfattande forskning inom området. Med detta i behåll har jag för avsikt att få djupare insikt i frågeställningar som rör olika förhållningssätt till hur sångare kan öva upp Time och Sväng samt vad Time och Sväng innebär, generellt och i ett undervisningsperspektiv. Studien har som sin teoretiska utgångspunkt ett sociokulturellt perspektiv med fokus på hur människor använder olika redskap för att kommunicera med sin omgivning. För att få svar på mina frågor har använt mig av en halvstrukturerad intervjuform när jag samtalat med informanterna. Alla informanter i denna studie arbetar idag som sångpedagoger; två av dessa är mer inriktade på jazz medan de andra två är mer inriktade på populärmusik. Resultaten visar att alla informanter anser att Time och Sväng är otroligt viktigt i musik. Tillvägagångssättet för hur de hanterar Time och Sväng skiljer sig däremot något, vilket visar sig i deras användning av en variation av olika redskap för att träna, undervisa i samt lära sig Time och Sväng. / The purpose of this study is to attain a deeper insight in how vocal coaches view Time and Groove and in what way they use these aspects didactically. Extensive research in this area is lacking, only a few papers and research studies exist. With this in mind, my intention is to acquire a deeper insight in questions concerning various methods in how vocalists can develop their abilities in Time and Groove, and what Time and Groove, both generally and from an educational point of view, is. The theoretical starting point of this study is a socio-cultural perspective focused on how people use various tools to communicate. I have worked with the semi-structured interview method when speaking to the informants. The informants work as vocal teachers; two are primarily teaching jazz music, whereas the other two are more oriented towards pop music. The results demonstrate that all of the informants believe that Time and Groove in music is very important. Their approach on how to work with Time and Groove differ slightly, which can be seen in their use of a variety of tools for practicing, teaching and learning Time and Groove.

Syftet med studien var att få en djupare inblick i hur ensemblepedagoger ser på Time samt hur de didaktiskt arbetade med detta. Vi avsåg att få djupare inblick i olika förhållningssätt som ensemblepedagoger kan ha till Time i en undervisningssituation, samt vad begreppet Time innebär. Studien har sin teoretiska utgångspunkt i ett sociokulturellt perspektiv med fokus på hur människor använder olika redskap för att kommunicera med sin omgivning. Vi anser att vi har fått en bredare ingång i ämnet genom att alla pedagoger spelar olika instrument. Den gemensamma faktorn är att de undervisar i ensemble på folkhögskola. I undersökningen använder vi oss av den kvalitativa forskningsintervjun för att söka svar på våra frågor. Resultaten visar att alla pedagoger anser att god Timing är otroligt viktigt i samband med musikutövande. Redskapen och de tekniker som pedagogerna använde för att undervisa i Time, var varierande och viktiga. Det visade sig att en syn pedagogerna hade på Time var att det är kopplat till personligheten hos musiker. De ansåg det vara känsligt och svårt att gå in som pedagog och försöka ändra en elevs Time då det är så starkt kopplat till personligheten. / The purpose of this study is to acquire a better understanding of ensemble educators’ view of the concept of Time and how it was didactically applied. Our intentions were to gain a deeper insight in the different approaches in becoming a better ensemble educator regarding teaching Time, and what the concept of Time is. The study had its theoretical standpoint in a socio-cultural perspective, which focuses on how people use different tools to communicate with each other’s surroundings. In the study we used the qualitative research interview to attain the answers to our questions. The result indicates that the educators consider a good sense and feel of Time is important for musicians. The fact that the educators who participated in this study played different instruments provided a broad perspective regarding the subject. Each employed different tools and techniques which varied, yet were all important. The study indicated that, accordingly to the educators, one aspect of Time was connected to the personality of the musicians. This latter aspect helped show how sensitive and difficult it can be for an educator to change a student’s perception of Time, especially when considering the close ties between the concept of Time and the musician’s personality.

In this study, teachers’ perceptions of digital tools in teaching of the hairdressing program are examined. The theoretical starting point for the essay is how the role of digitizing can be seen from a socio-cultural perspective. The collection of data has been made through interviews with a qualitative phenomonographic approach, and five hairdressing teachers in ages 28-57 in the hairdressing program have been interviewed. The result of this study emphasizes that teachers’ knowledge of digital tools’ functions are varied. The examination also point to a relation between teachers’ interest and actual use of digital tools when teaching. In the interviews, the teachers share different views concerning the role of digitizing when it comes to learning. Some see digital tools as a natural element in teaching as our society is becoming more and more digitizing. However, the perception is also that digital tools might pose a threat to the social profession that the students should be trained for.