This thesis investigates whether beliefs acquired by way of prophecy are safe. By ‘prophecy’ I have in mind the presentation of the prophetic method as found in the Guide of the Perplexed, which was Moses Maimonides’ philosophical masterpiece. And by ‘safe’ I have in mind the work by Timothy Williamson on the safety condition for knowledge. Both authors have proven to be dominant forces on these respective topics. The significance of this investigation derives from the centrality of prophecy to the three monotheistic religions. My main goal in this thesis is to identify those safety risks associated with the prophetic method. In this manner I aim to undermine any presumption in favor of prophetic beliefs as a whole being safe. Importantly, this general conclusion does not entail of a specific prophetic belief p that p is unsafe. Additionally, the scope of these results is restricted to the model of prophecy found in the Guide. The thesis begins with a critical elucidation of Williamson’s extensive work on the safety condition for knowledge. Particular attention is paid to those issues related to method individuation and Williamson’s cumulative conception of bases. Matters concerning these two topics inform the reading of Maimonides on prophecy found in the second chapter. In particular, I argue that Maimonides should be read as defending a cumulative conception of prophecy. As I emphasize several times during the chapter, the epistemology of prophecy cannot be reduced to the epistemology of testimony since prophecy for Maimonides does not involve the transfer of a proposition from God to the prophet. The third chapter is devoted to identifying those elements of the prophetic method that involve room for error. I argue that while all belief-forming methods in a fallibilist epistemology contain room for error, some are riskier than others. Prophecy should be considered one of the riskier sort. The fourth and final chapter shifts attention to non-standard semantics for ‘knows,’ David Lewis’s in particular. I argue that the interaction between such semantics and the laws governing prophecy in Jewish law is problematic. In particular, I demonstrate that such semantics destabilize the prophetic phenomenon. As such, we must either choose invariantism and gain stability, or choose non-standard semantics for ‘knows’ and live with this lack of stability.

壹、研究目的：本研究旨在探求在不同的產業之間，依據各該產業的特質，其在垂直整合策略之作法上，有何重要之差異。本研究以汽車業、石化業、和軟體業三者為研究對象，在產業特質之諸多構面中，本研究以「交易成本」之探討為產業特質之分析基礎，對上述三個產業進行比較，進而獲得它們在垂直整合策略之選擇有何異同。 貳、文獻：依據Macnail 之契約理論，引申出買賣雙方協議與垂直整合關係之假設。依據Williamson之機構經濟學，引申出產品專屬性程度與垂直整合關係之假設。依據Harrigan之策略彈性，引申出產業演進階段、規模經濟、和產能與垂直整合關係之假設。再由Chandler之看得見的手，引申出組織內部協調是若干產業成功的原因，但卻不適用所有之產業。 參、研究方法：以個案研究法進行研究，上述三個產業各選取一家公司就重直整合作法上深入訪問。雖業界內大小規模公司極多，但所選定接受研究、訪問的公司頗具代表性，均能突顯出研究主題內相關的產業特質及其相關的垂直整合作法。 肆、研究內容：根據研究目的，就三家個案公司與其上游、下游之關係上，是以何種方式來維繫，此種類型之維繫方式是否能顯著的降低公司與上游、下游之間的「交易成本」。其交易成本表現的方式可能是在量化的資料上，但也可能表現在非量化的事實上，由於本研究採個案研究法，為顧及個案公司之接受研究之意願，故在研究內容上限於定性描述等資料之蒐集，藉以求證研究假設之真確。 伍、研究結果：由汽車業之研究中，其典型之中心衛星體系係以契約關係作為與其供應商建立關係之基礎，供應商等級制度之建立確保其供應之品質，並以此法減低公司的交易成本；石化業則因其一貫化連續生產流程，乃有多階段整合之作業，相對於所研究之另二項產業而言，其內部整合程度最高。軟體業則為腦力密集之產業，多為上游資訊硬體業所整合，或為下游大型客戶所整合，在垂直整合作為上，無適用之情形。

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:01:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo2431_1.pdf: 3903715 bytes, checksum: f4ecb374f539aa4e3d0c912da52e2836 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / No presente trabalho foram investigadas propriedades magnéticas dos nanocompósitos ferromagnéticos (Fe1−xCox)y(MnO)1−y, x = 0.4 e 0.6 e y = 0.35, 0.65 e 1, produzidos pela técnica de mecano-síntese. A caracterização estrutural e morfológica das amostras foi feita usando difração de raios x fazendo uso da equação de Scherrer, de gráficos de Williamson-Hall e refinamento Rietveld. Essas análises resultaram em valores de x e y muito próximos dos valores nominais e, dentro da resolução da técnica, não foi detectada a presença de outras fases. As amostras apresentaram valores de tamanho médio dos cristalitos muito próximos (12-14 nm) e valores reduzidos de micro-deformações (1.5% para Fe1−xCox e 0.4% para o MnO). As propriedades magnéticas foram investigadas utilizando várias técnicas de medida (SQUID, magnetometria por extração e magnetometria por amostra vibrante), medidas em um grande intervalo de temperatura T (5-700 K) e em campos magnéticos de até 2 T. A partir dessas medidas foram construídos gráficos de Henkel e curvas de inversão de primeira ordem (FORCs) à temperatura ambiente e em campos de até 1.5 T. Medidas de curvas de histerese foram utilizadas para determinar a dependência da coercividade (HC), da magnetização de saturação (MS) e do campo de exchange-bias (HEB) com T. Procedimentos de medidas de magnetização feitas resfriando a amostra a campo nulo (ZFC) e na presença de campo (FC) foram feitas no intervalo de temperatura 5-300 K para valores pequenos de campo magnético (até 5 mT). Os gráficos de Henkel e FORCs indicaram que na temperatura ambiente as interações magnéticas entre as nanopartículas de Fe1−xCox são predominantemente de origem dipolar e influenciada essencialmente pela quantidade de MnO presente nas amostras. Entretanto, no caso particular da amostra sem MnO, o gráfico de Henkel indicou uma mudança de comportamento acima de 0.25 T passando a interação de dipolar para ser predominantemente de exchange. Acima de 120 K (temperatura de Néel do MnO), as medidas de HC apresentaram um dependência com T do tipo T3/4. Este comportamento é característico de arranjos de partículas tipo Stoner-Wohlfarth orientadas aleatoriamente. Já abaixo de 120 K, HC é fortemente influenciado pela presença de MnO aumentando significativamente com a diminuição da temperatura. Similar crescimento com T foi observado nos valores de HEB o qual é visto apenas em temperaturas abaixo de 120 K. As medidas de MS apresentaram uma dependência tipo Lei de Bloch T3/2 para a amostra sem MnO em todo intervalo de temperatura (5-700 K), enquanto para as demais amostras esse comportamento foi observado para T>120 K. Abaixo dessa temperatura, a adição de MnO produz um aumento em MS. Também foi observado o efeito de exchange-bias para temperaturas inferiores à temperatura de Néel do MnO (120 K), com um significante aumento do campo de exchange-bias com a diminuição da temperatura. Por fim, observamos também um comportamento irreversível nas magnetizações ZFC e FC abaixo de 120 K nas amostras com MnO. Os resultados obtidos abaixo de 120 K foram interpretados como devidos a interações de curto alcance entre as nanopartículas e pela presença de momentos magnéticos não compensados nas interfaces entre partículas

Distinktionen mellan analytiska och syntetiska sanningar spelade en viktig för filosofer som Leibniz, Hume och Kant. Men det var först med Frege som begreppet analyticitet fick en definition som inte bara tycks vara explicit utan som också hade en bred tillämpbarhet. Den förmodade distinktionen analytiskt/syntetiskt har dock senare ifrågasatts av filosofer såsom Quine. Denna uppsats avser i första hand att visa att Quines argument, i artikeln Two Dogmas of Empiricism (1951), mot analyticitet inte är tillräckligt starka för att bevisa att den fregeanska definitionen av analyticitet är cirkulär. I detta sammanhang har uppsatsen även undersökt kronologiskt viktiga epoker där Quine engagerar sig i den analytiska/syntetiska distinktionen i sitt arbete före liksom efter 1951. Den mer moderna traditionen, som delar in analyticitet i två kategorier – metafysisk och epistemisk analyticitet – går tillbaka till Boghossian (1996). Boghossian försvarar en uppdaterad version av Wittgensteins och Carnaps åsikt att analyticitet skall anges i termer av implicita definitioner I motsats till Boghossian anser Williamson att det inte finns något sätt att uppfatta analytiska sanningar som gör analyticitet användbar inom filosofin. Inom ramen för uppsatsens syfte kommer även dessa ’post-quineanska’ försök att beskriva analyticitet och den analytiska förklaringen av a priori att redovisas och kritiskt granskas. / The distinction between analytic and synthetic truths has played an important role for philosophers such as Leibniz, Hume and Kant. However, it was Frege who gave the notion of analyticity a definition that not only appears to be unambiguous but is also widely applicable. However, the supposed analytic/synthetic distinction was later challenged by philosophers such as Quine. This thesis aims primarily to show that Quine’s arguments, in the article Two Dogmas of Empiricism (1951), against analyticity are not sufficient to show that Frege’s definition of analyticity is circular. In this context, the paper has also examined chronologically important periods where Quine is engaged in the analytic/synthetic distinction before and after 1951. The more modern tradition, which separates analyticity into two broad categories – metaphysical and epistemic analyticity – goes back to Boghossian (1996). Boghossian defends an updated version of Wittgenstein’s and Carnap’s view that analyticity should be stated in terms of implicit definitions. In contrast to Boghossian, Williamson believes that there is no way of understanding analytic truths that makes analyticity useful in philosophy. Within the scope of this thesis, these ‘post-Quinean’ attempts to describe analyticity and the analytic explanation of a priori will also be presented and critically reviewed.

The purpose of this survey is to evaluate the contribution that the Westminster Choir movement has made to choral music in the United States today. It is hoped after the contributions have been stated by the investigator that the important position Westminster Choir College is occupying will be better understood.

Treasure is a feature-length narrative fictional film directed by Chris Williamson as part of the requirements for earning a Master of Fine Arts in Entrepreneurial Digital Cinema from the School of Visual Arts and Design at the University of Central Florida. This thesis is a documentary record of the film production from concept to completion. In this thesis the concerns of authorship are explored from the perspective of the author as the executive producer, writer, and director of the film.

As an alternative to existing research which states that the phenomenon of displacement resists theorisation because of its complex nature, this study conducts a Phenomenological examination of the nature of displacement in which the interlinked losses in the key concepts of the consciousness of the displaced, namely Memory, Land and home and Identity, are navigated. It is shown that the current consciousness of society mimics these losses with the effect of displacement being experienced as a state of mind by contemporary society. By comparing selected artworks of artists Rachel Whiteread and Cornelia Parker, it is established that although manifested in diverse ways, contemporary artworks reflect displacement according to a set of broadly defined visual signifiers. The visual documentation of a site of displacement in the North West Province of South Africa and subsequently produced artworks underline these findings and highlight the elusive attributes of loss inherent in the displacement phenomenon. / Art History, Visual Arts & Musicology / M.A. (Visual Arts)

As an alternative to existing research which states that the phenomenon of displacement resists theorisation because of its complex nature, this study conducts a Phenomenological examination of the nature of displacement in which the interlinked losses in the key concepts of the consciousness of the displaced, namely Memory, Land and home and Identity, are navigated. It is shown that the current consciousness of society mimics these losses with the effect of displacement being experienced as a state of mind by contemporary society. By comparing selected artworks of artists Rachel Whiteread and Cornelia Parker, it is established that although manifested in diverse ways, contemporary artworks reflect displacement according to a set of broadly defined visual signifiers. The visual documentation of a site of displacement in the North West Province of South Africa and subsequently produced artworks underline these findings and highlight the elusive attributes of loss inherent in the displacement phenomenon. / Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology / M.A. (Visual Arts)

The present study consists of two independent essays that approach two types of inequality on the state of Bahia which, although being related, have distinct features. The first essay sought to understand the dynamics of production and income disparities between the micro regions of the state of Bahia and to decompose the regional employment growth between 2004-2014, using the Williamson’s coefficient and the shift-share analysis. The results showed that there was a reduction of the interregional inequality of income in the Brazilian territory of Bahia, as well as the reallocation of the formal employment by the productive activities in the micro regions. On the other hand, the second essay brings a discussion about the productive structure influence on the changes in the interpersonal income distribution in the Brazilian State of Bahia. In this case, the base of the analysis is the application of Leontief-Miyazawa’s (1976) model and the impact measurement of exogenous changes on the income. For this purpose, we used data from an input-output matrix of the Bahia state for the year 2009 (PEROBELLI et al., 2015), as well as information about families consumption and income from Household Budge Survey – POF 2002/2003 – and the National Household Sampling Survey – PNAD 2009. Following, we run two simulations aiming to analyze the income’s transfer impact, respectively, on poor and extremely poor families, and the measurement of the Gini's coefficients. The results suggest that the productive sectors present different capacities among themselves to cause changes upon the income distribution, and that governmental transfer cause the reduction of income inequality in the Brazilian State of Bahia. / A presente dissertação é composta por dois ensaios independentes que abordam dois tipos de desigualdade no estado da Bahia que, embora estejam inter-relacionados, possuem caráter distinto. Assim, o primeiro ensaio buscou compreender a dinâmica das disparidades produtiva e de renda entre as microrregiões do estado da Bahia e decompor o crescimento regional do emprego entre os anos 2004 e 2014, utilizando, respectivamente, o coeficiente de Williamson e a análise diferencial-estrutural. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que houve redução da desigualdade inter-regional de renda no território baiano, bem como a realocação do emprego formal gerado pelas atividades produtivas em suas microrregiões. Por sua vez, o segundo ensaio apresenta a discussão acerca da influência da estrutura produtiva sobre as alterações na distribuição interpessoal de renda no estado da Bahia. Nesse caso, a análise está centrada na aplicação do modelo de insumo-produto de Leontief-Miyazawa (1976), a partir do qual foram estimados os impactos de mudanças exógenas sobre a renda. Para tanto, foram utilizados os dados da matriz insumo-produto da Bahia para o ano-base de 2009 (PEROBELLI et al., 2015), bem como as informações de consumo e rendimento das famílias obtidas, respectivamente, por meio da Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiares (POF 2002/2003) e da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD 2009). Na sequência, foram realizadas duas simulações visando analisar o impacto da redução nas transferências de renda (benefícios previdenciários e programas de transferências direta), respectivamente, às famílias pobres e extremamente pobres, e calculados os indicadores de desigualdade de Gini. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os setores produtivos possuem capacidades distintas entre si de provocar mudanças sobre a distribuição de renda, e que as transferências governamentais atuam como redutores das desigualdades de rendimentos no estado. / São Cristóvão, SE

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