Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-09-19T17:15:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) dissertação juliana Final.pdf: 3802932 bytes, checksum: 1aae61e6231e056e5ce12cc6192887a6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-19T17:15:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) dissertação juliana Final.pdf: 3802932 bytes, checksum: 1aae61e6231e056e5ce12cc6192887a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / CAPES / Compreender o universo do trabalho feminino das feirantes da Sulanca na cidade de Caruaru e seu papel no desenvolvimento do Agreste de Pernambuco foi o caminho traçado nesta pesquisa. A feira da Sulanca está ligada ao polo de confecções do Agreste e a cidade de Caruaru está inserida nesse polo de desenvolvimento regional. O foco da pesquisa é o papel das mulheres que atuam na feira desempenhando ações fundamentais para a atividade econômica. As mulheres atuam em todas as áreas no processo produtivo, desde a transformação da matéria-prima à comercialização dos produtos. O estudo busca trazer visibilidade ao trabalho, observando em que medida este trabalho contribui para a afirmação dos Direitos Humanos das mulheres feirantes. A pesquisa foi realizada numa perspectiva histórico-estrutural, parte dos trabalhos nas feiras no âmbito da história da humanidade, percorre seu desenvolvimento ao longo da trajetória do capitalismo e relaciona o trabalho na feira à informalidade, precariedade e baixa rede de proteção social em que atuam as mulheres feirantes da Feira da Sulanca de Caruaru. A pesquisa tem como objetivo geral compreender o trabalho feminino na feira da Sulanca de Caruaru e sua relação com a afirmação dos Direitos Humanos; e, como objetivos específicos, analisar as condições de trabalho das mulheres na Feira da Sulanca de Caruaru; verificar a relação entre trabalho feminino e a aplicabilidade dos Direitos Humanos e identificar como as mulheres feirantes observam o cotidiano do trabalho que desempenham na feira da Sulanca. O estudo foi realizado a partir da pesquisa qualitativa com os seguintes instrumentos de coleta de dados: entrevista semiestruturada, história de vida e a análise dos dados a partir da análise de conteúdo. O referencial teórico do trabalho se sustenta em autores como: MARX (1996, 2010), PERROT (2012), SAFIOTTI (2004). Como resultados, identificamos mulheres que são provedoras do sustento de suas famílias, a presença de mulheres em situações de extrema vulnerabilidade e precariedade na feira, baixa rede de proteção social, pequena participação das mulheres feirantes em espaços de poder e decisão nas organizações e sindicatos, além de inúmeras violações aos seus direitos essenciais que limitam sua afirmação de direitos e emancipação. / Understanding the universe of women's work of the fairground Sulanca in Caruaru city and its role in development of the Agreste of Pernambuco was the path marked out for this search. The Sulanca fair is connected to the rugged clothing polo and the city of Caruaru is part of this regional development center. The focus of research is the role of women working in fair playing key actions for economic activity. The women working in all areas of the production process, from the transformation of raw materials to product marketing. The study seeks to bring visibility to the work, noting the extent to which this work contributes to the affirmation of Human Rights of fairground women. The survey was conducted a historical- structural perspective, part of the work at fairs in history along the capitalist path and related work at the fair informality , precarious and low social safety net where they operate the fairground women Fair Sulanca Caruaru. The research aims to: General: understanding women's work in the Caruaru's Sulanca fair and their relationship with the affirmation of Human Rights and specific objectives: to analyze the working conditions of women in Sulanca fair of Caruaru- PE; to verify the relationship between women's work and the applicability of Human Rights and identify how women stallholders observe the daily work they perform in Sulanca fair in Pernambuco's Agreste. The survey was conducted from qualitative research with the following data collection instruments: semi-structured interviews, life story and analysis of data from the content analysis. The theoretical work of reference is based on authors such as Marx (1996, 2010), PERROT (2012), SAFIOTTI (2004). As a result, we identified women who are the providers for their families, the presence of women in extremely vulnerable and precarious situations at the fair, poor social safety net, small share of the fairground women in positions of power and decision-making in organizations and unions, numerous violations of their basic rights that limit their claim rights and emancipation.

Submitted by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2016-07-01T20:30:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins, Silvia Maria Bahia.pdf: 1195248 bytes, checksum: 5d5a8dab85bcf689c85d32b4cb1c2149 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2016-07-05T20:18:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins, Silvia Maria Bahia.pdf: 1195248 bytes, checksum: 5d5a8dab85bcf689c85d32b4cb1c2149 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-05T20:18:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins, Silvia Maria Bahia.pdf: 1195248 bytes, checksum: 5d5a8dab85bcf689c85d32b4cb1c2149 (MD5) / O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal analisar as características da subcontratação nas associações de costureiras da Península de Itapagipe, Salvador-Bahia, que trabalham sob os moldes da facção, de modo a compreender seus impactos nas relações e nas condições de trabalho sobre as referidas trabalhadoras. Concebe-se que os processos de flexibilização produtiva no setor de confecções potencializaram a precarização da força de trabalho, especialmente a feminina, combinando novas estratégias de organização da produção, supostamente emancipadas, e manutenção de formas antigas de trabalho, reprodutoras da dominação pelo capital. A facção de costura em associações é uma das sínteses itapagipanas. Entrevistas e vivência do cotidiano de trabalho das costureiras permeiam a pesquisa empírica, ancorada na dialética. This study aims to analyze the main characteristics of subcontracting in the associations of seamstresses Peninsula Itapagipe, Salvador-Bahia, working with faction, in order to understand its impact on relationships and working conditions on workers. It is conceived that the processes of productions flexibility in the garment sector have worsened the precarious nature of the workforce, especially women, combining new strategies of organizing production, supposedly emancipated, and maintenance of older work, reproducing the domination of capital. A faction of stitching is the synthesis itapagipana associations. Interviews and experience of the daily work of the seamstresses permeate the empirical work, anchored in the dialectic.

This dissertation is concerned with brewers and the practice of beer brewing in late medieval Stockholm. It considers the operational aspects of production and sale, the ways in which the practice was licensed and regulated by the city authorities, and the nature of the people who acted as brewers, in terms of their gender and social background. A key area of interest is the character of brewing as a regulated professional occupation within the city rather than as an unregulated domestic activity as was its character outside of the city borders. Particular attention is paid to the under-researched role played by brewing in the working lives of women. In order to analyse Stockholm’s brewing practices during the period 1460–1525, the study draws upon a range of source materials, such as city rolls, tax rolls, city ordinances, and court records. Evidence of women’s roles in the brewing trade is traced in the scarce amount of source material available and pieced together by using an investigative method. The main results show that strict local regulations divided the brewing trade into two branches, the production and the selling of beer, both in which women played a significant role. The brewing itself was female-dominated for several consecutive years. These women were the professionals of the trade, who were hired to brew batches of beer by the owners of brew houses or by persons who hired the brew houses for a small sum. Although the brewsters themselves did not take part in the legal sale of beer, other women had access to this part of the trade. They were however restricted to the domestic and local type of beer, while their male counterparts had access to imported and more valuable drinks. The difference in pay, to the brewer per finished brew or to the beer-seller per barrel, shows that profit was reserved to those who had the means to sell beer, rather than the local professionals who produced it.  Local regulations limited the access to brewing and the selling of beer within the city, where one group in particular was deemed an undesirable presence; the loose women. This implies an earlier connection between alcohol and decency, in Sweden having previously been researched mainly regarding its early-modern history, as these so-called loose women were considered to be morally inferior and were blamed for the moral and social problems associated with alcohol. Brewing and beer-selling appear to have been trades that were available to women, during a time in history when women were seriously restricted in terms of the professional occupations they were permitted to engage in, and the significance of brewing as a vital means of support for these precarious individuals has, arguably, not hitherto been fully appreciated.

Studien handlar om den könssegregerade arbetsmarknaden i förskolan i Borås stad, närmare bestämt bristen på manliga förskollärare. Tidigare forskningar har visat att diskussionen om att få män arbetar i förskolan har pågått under en lång tid men ännu har det inte skett några större förändringar. Det har bland annat visat att yrket ses som typiskt kvinnligt och att yrket behöver mer uppmärksamhet för att locka män. Problemen som denna könssegregering kan skapa är ekonomiska, både privata och för samhället, samt att barnen i förskolan inte får träffa kvinnor och män. Syftet med studien är att ta reda på hur Borås stad arbetar för att minska könssegregeringen inom förskolan och varför vissa män väljer att bli förskollärare. Information och material till studien har samlats in genom kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studiens resultat visar att de manliga förskollärarna anser att yrket fortfarande ses som typiskt kvinnligt och att det är en anledning till könssegregeringen. Förskollärarna berättar dock att de känner sig välkomna och uppskattade av sina kollegor samt av barnens föräldrar. Debatten om sexuella övergrepp på förskolor ses även ett problem för att kunna förändra situationen. Intervjupersonerna anser att yrket behöver marknadsföras mer och att det behöver introduceras tidigare i grundskolan eller på gymnasiet. Vidare visar resultatet att synen på att alla män i förskolan är pedofiler behöver förändras för att få fler män till förskolan i framtiden. Vårt resultat visade även att Borås stad inte arbetar med någon specifik strategi för att få fler män till förskolan. För att manliga förskollärare ska bli allmänt accepterade behöver uppfattningen och synen på yrket förändras till att män som arbetar i förskolan är lika accepterade som kvinnor / This study examines the gender segregation among preschool teachers in Borås stad. Earlier research shows that the discussion about male pre-school teacher has been going on for several years but there is still no big development in the issue. The profession is still regarded as typical “women's work” and that the pre-school teacher profession need more highlighting to get attention among men. The gender segregation in the labour market can cause economic problems. Also the children only get to meet women during their time in preschool. The purpose of this study is to investigate how Borås stad work to reduce the gender segregation in preschools and to discover why some men choses to become preschool teachers. The material and information used in this study has been gathered through qualitative, semi structured interviews. The result of the study shows that the interviewed male preschool teachers think that the reason for the issue is that the profession is still considered to typical work for females. However the preschool teachers feel welcomed and appreciated by their colleagues and the parents of the children. Another contributing reason to the problem is the ongoing debate about sexual abuse in preschools. Also advertisement for the profession is lacking and seen as another reason for the problem according to the results. Furthermore, the result shows the perception that all male preschool teachers are pedofiles is need to change in order to get more males working in preschool in the future. The result also shows the Borås stad does not have a clear strategy to get more men to work in preschools. The appreciation of the profession needs to change in order for men to be fully accepted as preschool teachers by society.

Cette thèse porte sur la genèse de la politique familiale en Corée du Sud. Cette recherche présente dans un premier temps comment les mesures politiques en direction de la famille se sont développées depuis les années 1990. La démocratisation politique et sociale de la société coréenne a entraîné l’apparition de lois et de dispositifs dans le domaine de l’égalité entre les sexes et de la conciliation entre vie familiale et vie professionnelle. Le phénomène de la baisse de natalité était plus directement à l’origine de la naissance de la politique familiale dans les années 2000. Malgré le retard notable, le domaine de la politique familiale a évolué rapidement. Le ‘centre du soutien pour la famille saine’ est un exemple significatif et également symbolique de cette évolution récente, avec toutes ses limites. Malgré les efforts de l’Etat, ce centre affiche de nombreuses lacunes. Les dépenses réelles d'aides aux ménages sont faibles et les centres se contentent d'apporter un soutien d'ordre moral et préventif. On constate également la vulnérabilité de la condition des femmes dans leur travail professionnel et l’inégalité entre les femmes. Une minorité de femmes peuvent bénéficier du progrès acquis dans ce domaine. La dernière partie de la thèse situe le cas coréen dans les comparaisons internationales. Dans cette perspective, les typologies de la politique familiale et les expériences d’autres pays comme la France, le Japon, ou les pays d’Europe du Sud sont examinées. On peut constater le caractère résiduel des politiques menées en Corée du sud. Si la politique familiale y est désormais devenue explicite, elle demeure très limitée. L’auteur souligne donc le caractère limité de l’effort de l’Etat qui s’explique, en partie, par le maintien absolu du principe de la solidarité intrafamiliale. La raison de cette limite de la politique familiale réside en somme dans sa finalité même. Les institutions dans le domaine de la famille n’ont pas pour objectif de s’attaquer à l’origine des maux familiaux, mais d’aider les familles à les résoudre eux-mêmes ou en s’appuyant sur les réponses du marché. / This doctoral thesis deals with the genesis of family policy in South Korea. In the first chapter, we discuss in which context policies in support of family have appeared in Korea since 1990’s. It’s a political and social democratization which brought about the expansion of laws and regulations in the fields of gender equality and work-family balance. The decrease of birth rate influenced more directly the development of family policy in 2000’s. Despite its late development, family policy progressed rapidly. The ‘healthy family support center’ is a symbolic example of this recent change. However, despite of state’s efforts, this center is flawed. The direct financial support for inhabitants is too weak and the centres only offer moral and preventive supports. Women are still facing vulnerable conditions in their job and inequality between women is still important. Few women can benefit from this new development in family policy. The last part of the thesis positions South Korea in the comparative literature. In order to do this, diverse typologies of family policy and experiences of different countries like as France, Japan and South Europe are examined. In short, we can see residual characteristic of Korean welfare system. From now on, the family policy in South Korea became explicit, but still very limited in its applications. The thesis notes the limited effect of public interventions in the domain of family. Among the main reasons, the author underlines the maintenance of family support obligation principle. The reason of the limits of Korean family policy lies in its purpose itself. Main institutions of the field of family do not aim to attack the roots of family problems, but to help the family to solve them herself or through the market.

Submitted by Bruna Padilha de Oliveira null (brunapad@hotmail.com) on 2017-10-10T18:28:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação final com ficha cat.pdf: 2172999 bytes, checksum: 381a1335d5939064077dc11e2843276f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-10-11T18:08:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_bp_me_rcla.pdf: 2172999 bytes, checksum: 381a1335d5939064077dc11e2843276f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-11T18:08:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_bp_me_rcla.pdf: 2172999 bytes, checksum: 381a1335d5939064077dc11e2843276f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-25 / Esta dissertação de mestrado apresenta uma pesquisa qualitativa sobre a questão da intensificação do trabalho docente a partir do exame das principais intervenções relacionadas ao trabalho dos docentes inseridos no Programa Escola Integral, proposto pela atual gestão da Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo (Governo de Geraldo Alckmin do PSDB). A análise realizada tem como recorte a questão de gênero, partindo do pressuposto de que as vivências temporais das mulheres se multiplicam entre o trabalho doméstico e profissional. Foi realizada revisão bibliográfica sobre a relação dialética entre a opressão e a exploração na sociedade capitalista, o debate sobre a divisão sexual do trabalho e o uso do tempo das mulheres. E, de modo a aproximar de nosso objeto de pesquisa, também discutimos a questão da feminização do magistério, a intensificação e perda da autonomia do trabalho do professor no contexto das transformações nos processos de organização do trabalho ao longo do século XX e as emergências das políticas neoliberais na educação de modo a explicitar sua especificidade com a totalidade social. Esta revisão bibliográfica serviu como suporte de análise para os dados empíricos coletados tanto de documentos que normatizam o programa de ensino integral em São Paulo, quanto de depoimentos gravados e transcritos de professoras que trabalharam ou trabalham em escolas do interior do estado que aderem ao programa educacional. O estudo traz uma contribuição quanto aos impactos de uma política educacional de ensino integral e sua realização no cotidiano escolar a partir da vivência dos trabalhadores da educação, bem como frisa a importância de se adotar o recorte de gênero para a reflexão sobre a intensificação do trabalho docente. Concluímos que a política educacional não valoriza o trabalho dos professores das escolas integrais do estado, sendo a bonificação e as promessas de melhores condições de trabalho e de jornada integral em uma única escola um mecanismo de sedução para justificar um processo de trabalho cada vez mais intensificado. Nosso trabalho demonstra as consequências da realização de uma política pública sobre a condição de vida das mulheres, questão deixada de lado na formulação da política educacional, pois a intensificação do trabalho é multiplicada e intercalada com as responsabilidades profissionais e familiares das professoras. / This work presents a qualitative research about the intensification of teaching work, examining the main work-related disturbances on teacher’s activities of those professionals that are inserted on the “Full-time School Program”, a proposition of São Paulo State Education Office (Geraldo Alckmin -PSDB administration). The analysis departs from the gender issue, assuming that women’s experiences are amplified between domestic and professional work. We analysed the current literature on the dialetic relationship between oppression and exploitation on the capitalist society, the debate between gender-based division of labour and women’s time management. Also, in order to get closer to our subject, we also assessed the feminisation of teaching work., its intensification and loss of autonomy, in the context of the organizational changes of the working processes during the 20th century and the emergence of neoliberal policies on Education, to make explicit its specificity with the social totality. This review supports the empiric data analysis collected from documents that standardize the full-time schooling in São Paulo and recorded and transcribed testimonies of teachers that work or worked at countryside schools that participate of this educational program. The study shows the impacts of a full-time educational policy and its accomplishment on daily school-life from the experienced view of education professionals, and also highlights the importance of adopting a gender bias to analyse the labour intensification of teachers. As a whole, we conclude that the educational policy does not prizes the teacher’s work at full-time State schools, being the monetary compensation, promises of better work condition and full-time labour day in a unique school a seductive system that justifies the more and more intense working process. Our analysis shows the consequences of the accomplishment of an educational policy on the life conditions of women, an issue left behind during the elaboration of this policy, since the intensification of work is amplified and intertwined with the professional and personal responsibilities of female teachers.

The aim of this thesis is to explore work as an idea and a practice for the construction and maintenance of differences and power relations, and to examine what the consequences were for the individual and society in early modern Sweden. The period saw an expansion of the state apparatus which created numerous new opportunities for employment. There also exists a body of literature from this period, in the form of instructions relating to work and households. The thesis draws both on these instructions and descriptions and on sources produced by the crown. The thesis shows that gender was a crucial factor for the organisation of work. Operating The service of the crown was characterised by two principal organisational forms: the household, and a precursor of a bureaucratic system. The household had its basis in the couple, and had a clear gendered division of power, the couple together constituted the management of the household, at the same time there was an element of male superordination. The other form was exclusively male and based on delegation of power within the organisation and on an attempt to formalise relations by written instructions. The majority of the jobs created were held by men. In crafts and administration, men took over a number of female areas of competence. In this process was occupational positions created for these men. Women’s opportunities to work were heavily affected by an idea of a female area of expertise, ‘womenfolk’s work’ which never become specialiced, but the investigation also shows that work created in the crowns households in positions of leadership created livelihoods for married adult women. Among employees that were young and unmarried the similarities between the genders were often more striking than the differences. Greater differences emerge from a comparison of the entire workforce of the crown, which shows women’s annual wages to be 75 per cent of those of men. Overall women had few opportunities to make careers and get well paid employments.

Au XIXe siècle, les sœurs hospitalières sont au cœur du système de soin parisien. L’identité et les activités sociales de ces femmes qui partagent un engagement religieux et un apostolat soignant auprès des pauvres de la capitale sont analysées dans cette thèse. La vocation, fruit d’un choix entre les jeunes femmes et l’institution, est une voie d’émancipation dans l’espace public et le monde du travail, mais qui leur permet aussi de s’affirmer comme individu en sapant l’autorité paternelle et en légitimant l’expression d’un désir. Chevilles ouvrières du système de santé publique et figures de la charité privée, les sœurs en accompagnent la croissance. Le soin aux pauvres et leur dévouement justifient la reconnaissance de leur utilité sociale devant l’urgence d’une société confrontée à une pauvreté massive et aux effets contrastés du processus de déchristianisation. Paradoxalement, la laïcisation conforterait leur présence dans le dispositif charitable et soignant de la capitale. Les sœurs se forment à certaines exigences médicales et cherchent à maintenir un « écart chrétien » dans le monde. Le soin des sœurs participe ainsi à la médicalisation de la société mais reste une stratégie de reconquête religieuse. Leur apostolat révèlerait que la demande sociale de santé et de religion reposerait sur un souci de soi et un besoin plus vaste d’attention. Mais ce « souci de soi » est aussi, pour les sœurs, une voie fonctionnelle et harmonieuse de réconcilier les volets religieux et profane de leur mission. Dès lors, les sœurs peuvent s’adapter à la modernité en articulant les préoccupations du siècle avec une exigence spirituelle. / In the nineteenth century, sisters of charity were at the core of the Parisian health system. This thesis analyses the identity and the social activities of these women who shared a religious commitment and a caring apostolate towards the poor of Paris. Vocation, which resulted from a choice by young women and the religious institution, was a way for these women to find a place in public space and in the workplace. It enabled them to assert themselves as individuals, undermining paternal authority and legitimating the expression of a desire. Cornerstones of the public health system and figures of charity, the nuns accompanied the growth of both. Their care of the poor and their devotion justified their claim to be recognised as socially useful in a context where French society was confronted by the new problem of widespread poverty and by the countervailing effects of dechristianization. Paradoxically, republican secularization would confirm their presence in the capital’s caring and charitable system. The sisters undertook training to new medical standards at the same times as they tried to maintain a ‘Christian singularity’ in the world. The care that the sisters provided played a role in the medicalization of society but nonetheless remained part of a strategy of religious reconquest. Their apostolate would reveal that society’s health and religious needs rested on a ‘care of the self’ and a need for attention. This ’care of the self’ was also a way for the nuns to reconcile the lay and religious aspects of their mission. Thus, sisters of charity could adapt themselves to modernity by articulating worldly preoccupations with a spiritual imperative.