The twelve patterns presented in this collection represent the period 1920 through 1945. It is in no way a complete study of the period, but a representation of garments throughout this period in sketch and pattern form. The patterns presented are complete working patterns in full scale with no seams allowed. The garments have been dated according to research into the period. In addition to the pattern, sketch, and description of each garment, construction notes are included to aid in the building of these garments. Hopefully this collection will be useful for theatre costuming or where ever there is a need for authentic patterns of the period 1920 through 1945. The collection of patterns will be housed in the Department of Theatre's costume shop. The garments studied in this collection were obtained from the Virginia Commonwealth University Apparel Museum, Fashion Design Department. My sincere thanks to Alex Bodea, Department Chairman for his help and support.

Ce travail de recherche porte sur le processus historique ayant abouti à la formation de l’État libyen et de la nation libyenne. Tout au long de cette étude, nous nous sommes efforcés de dévoiler, entre autres choses, les rouages de ce processus de construction, et pour ce faire, avons analysé les grandes étapes s’étant déroulées entre 1911 et 2011. Dans ce cadre, notre attention s’est portée notamment sur les processus de construction de l’identité libyenne, ainsi que sur les mouvements de constitution d’organisations politiques et d’institutions étatiques. De même, cette thèse a-t-elle tenté de présenter les différents régimes politiques et les différents modes d’organisation du pouvoir politique ayant été mis en place durant la période indiquée, en accordant une place à l’étude du rôle joué par les groupes tribaux ainsi qu’à celle des différents dirigeants s’étant succédé à la tête de la Libye. Par ailleurs, un autre objectif de notre recherche a été de présenter le contexte politique, économique, social (que ce soit au niveau régional, national ou international) dans lequel s’est déroulé le processus de construction de l’État libyen, y compris durant ces dernières décennies, marquées par le régime de M. Kadhafi. En précisant que, pour chaque mode de gouvernance ayant été en place, les effets positifs et négatifs de ces derniers sur la société libyenne ont été analysés à la lumière de références historiques précises. / This research focuses on the historical process, leading to the formation of the Libyan State and of the Libyan nation. Throughout this study, we tried to reveal, among other things, the workings of this construction process. In this objective, we have analyzed the milestones that took place between 1911 and 2011. In this context, our attention has been mainly focused on the Libyan identity construction process, as well as on the constitution of political organizations and state institutions. This thesis also tried to present the different political systems, and the different originations of power, implemented during the period indicated. We also studied the role of tribal groups, and the personality of the different leaders who have controlled Libya. Furthermore, another objective of our research has been to present the political, economic and social context (on the regional, national and international levels), in which took place the construction of the Libyan State, including during in recent decades, marked by the regime of M. Gaddafi. Noting that, for each mode of governance, the positive and negative effects on Libyan society have been analyzed, in the light of specific historical references.

Admiral Thomas C. Hart And The Demise Of The Asiatic Fleet 1941 – 1942 is a chronicle of the opening days of World War II in the Pacific and the demise of the U.S. Navy’s Asiatic Fleet. Beginning with the background of Four Star Admiral Thomas Hart, this chronicle shows the history of the nearly obsolete ships that fought in the beginning of World War II. The reader will come to realize how and why this fleet ceased to exist within ninety days from the start of the war. Historical evidence will show that the damage inflicted on the Japanese was much greater than what was recorded in popular history. Hart was relieved of his command due to political considerations but not a single ship was lost while he was in command of the Asiatic Fleet. Hart fulfilled his orders to preserve the integrity and safety of the American Asiatic Fleet.

No description available.

For historians of twentieth-century British affairs, the decade of the 1930s is very significant. It was marked not only by a devastating economic crisis at the outset, but also by the rise of fascism in Europe and the onset of the Second World War at its close. These issues were problematic in themselves, but Britain’s response to them was complicated still further by the deep divisions between the Left and the Right over socialism and over the Soviet Union. The presence of the USSR in the East and its influence in Britain loomed over the internal debates that took place, affecting British responses to difficult situations in drastic and far-reaching ways. People of both anti-Soviet and pro-Soviet persuasions were forced to account for events that did not tally with their most strongly held beliefs, hopes or fears. This dissertation explores the ways in which British people of a variety of political leanings publicly processed and coped with the role of the Soviet Union in these debates. Using a range of sources including contemporary newspapers, books and pamphlets, I will trace the evolution of attitudes to the Soviet Union from 1929, the first year of the economic crisis, up until 1943, the high point of the Anglo-Soviet wartime alliance. My analysis will show how people with fundamentally different belief systems mirrored each other in their responses to intellectual challenges, and how interactions between different groups sustained or exaggerated each group’s response to the Soviet Union. I will also critique the analyses of some historians who have limited the parameters of their studies to take in only single groups or single events, and in so doing have become unfairly critical of individuals who struggled to process a large number of difficult and confusing events.

No description available.

No description available.

This thesis considers Esther Bubley's photographic documentation of a boarding house for Jewish workingmen and women during World War II. An examination of Bubley's photographs reveals the complexities surrounding Jewish-American identity, which included aspects of social inclusion and exclusion, a rejection of past traditions and acceptance of contemporary transitions. Bubley presented these residents, specifically the females, as modern Americans shedding the stereotypes surrounding their Jewish heritage and revealing their own perspective and reality. Through their communal support as a group sharing multiple values these residents dealt with multivalent isolation all while maintaining their participation in mainstream American cultural norms. Working for Roy Stryker in the Office of War Information, Bubley provided a missing record of a distinct community in America to be included in the larger collection of Farm Security Administration and Office of War Information photographs. These photographs provide insight into Jewish-American communities and shed light on the home front of America during World War II. Furthermore, Bubley's photographs illustrate how these Jewish-Americans reacted to World War II and reveal both the unity of a nation at war and the isolation of social exclusion in America.

Uppsatsen syftar till att belysa moderna lämningar som kulturarv, i synnerhet andra världskrigets (1939-1945) bunkrar i Sverige och Norge. Bunkrar/värn syftar till anläggningar kopplade till militär aktivitet och krigsföring. En jämförande kulturarvsanalys har gjorts mellan bunkrar i Narvik samt längs Skånelinjen för att kunna diskutera ländernas tillvägagångssätt gällande kulturarvsprocesser. Vidare eftersträvades en förståelse i huruvida bunkrarna ingår i ett mörkt kulturarv och platserna i en mörk turism. Uppsatsen avser också att få en förståelse i hur allmänheten ser på värnen och dess historia och om de ingår i ett nationellt kulturarv, därför genomfördes en enkätundersökning. Fältbesök till ett flertal värn i Skånelinjen och Narvik har gjorts för att få en uppfattning om bunkrarna. Eftersom Sverige inte medverkade i kriget medan Norge var delaktiga var det av intresse att urskilja likheter och skillnader. Vidare var Narvik en intressant plats att analysera med tanke på dess stora medverkan och påverkan i kriget. Skånelinjen valdes på grund av att det var Sveriges enda försvar mot främmande makter under andra världskriget.  Studien kom att resultera i att moderna arkeologiska lämningar inte är lika skyddade som äldre lämningar i Sverige och Norge. Värnen i båda länderna är inte skyddade av någon lag men kan gå under särskilda bestämmelser. Vidare var de svenska värnen bättre bevarade, förmodligen på grund av att Sverige inte fick utstå förtryck och ockupering. Skyltar, böcker och digitala plattformar finns att tillgå om de svenska värnen. Inget liknande finns om Narviks värn. Enkätsvaren utföll i att ländernas befolkning anser att de är bevaringsvärdiga och del av ett inofficiellt kulturarv. Dessutom skulle värnen kunna ingå i ett mörkt kulturarv och mörk turism. / This study has aimed to bring light to modern cultural remains as cultural heritage, especially from World War II (1939-1945) in Sweden and Norway. Bunkers are buildings aimed to protect and attack during warfare and house soldiers and military supplies. A comparing cultural heritage analysis has been applied to the bunkers, both from Narvik and Skånelinjen to be able to discuss the countries' cultural heritage process. Furhermore, an understanding regarding if the bunkers are a part of a dark heritage and dark tourism was of interest. The thesis also aims to get the publics point of view on the bunkers and their history and if they reason the bunkers are part of the national heritage. On that note a questionnaire was sent out. A couple of field trips were made to bunkers both at Skånelinjen and in Narvik to get a bigger perspective and understanding of them. Also, because Sweden did not participate in the war and Norway did it was also of relevance to analyze if that caused any differences or similarities. Additionally, as Narvik had such a significant role in the war and participated in many battles it was of interest to discuss it in contrast to Sweden. Sweden´s only defense against any country participating in the war was Skånelinjen which made it an easy choice.  The study concluded that modern archaeological remains are not as well protected as older remains in Sweden and Norway. The bunkers in both bunkers in both countries are not protected by any law but could be protected to some extent by special provisions. The Swedish bunkers were better preserved than the Norwegian ones, probably because Sweden did not have to suffer through occupation and oppression. Signs, books and digital platforms are available for the Swedish bunkers but not for the Norwegians. Very little is established regarding the bunkers in Narvik. The answers from the questionnaires resulted in that the participants consider the bunkers worthy of preservation and that they are part of an unofficial cultural heritage. Furthermore, the bunkers are considering to be part of a dark heritage and dark tourism, but only to some extent.

German industrialization in the nineteenth century had brought forward a variety of conflicting ideas when it came to the agrarian community. One of them was the agrarian romantic movement led by Adam Műller, who feared the loss of the traditional German peasant. Műller influenced Reichdeutsche Richard Walther Darré, who argued that large cities were the downfall of the German people and that only a healthy peasant stock would be able to ‘save' Germany. Under Darré's definition, “Geopolitik” was the defense of the land, the defense with Pflug und Schwert (plow and sword) by Wehrbauern, an ‘Űberbauer-fusion' of soldier and peasant. In order to accomplish these goals, new settlements had to be established while moving from west to east. The specific focus of this study is on the original Hegewald resettlement ideas of Richard Walther Darré and how his philosophy was taken over by Himmler and fit into his personal needs and creed after 1941. It will shed some light on the interaction of Darré and Himmler and the notorious internal fights and power struggles between the various governmental agencies involved. The Ministry for Food and Agriculture under the leadership of Darré was systematically pushed into the background and all previous, often publicly announced re-settlement policies were altered; Darré was pushed aside once the eastern living space was actually occupied.