「成熟市場的決勝戰場在通路」，通路商是介於上游製造商及下游經銷商間的橋樑，是一個充份運用資訊科技與高度發揮知識運用之產業，但隨著網際網路、低價個人電腦之普及，資訊網路相關產品眾多，市場規模快速成長的同時，同質性、不同規模的資訊通路商紛紛進入市場。近二年來，資訊通路產業邁入高度成熟期，進入了「微利」時代，新產品推陳出新，資訊產品生命週期短暫，毛利率更是逐年下滑，同業競爭激烈，有效的成本管理便成為通路商獲利的不二法則。因此，專業資訊流通業者如何在這丕變、惡性競爭的險峻環境中，找到一套執行策略來有效的管理其客戶利潤及價值，協助其成本管理、找到利基市場與顧客，並將有限的資源投注於目標顧客之上，除可提昇企業的獲利外，亦是各專業資訊通路業者未來賴以存續及致勝的關鍵。 本研究擬以個案公司之實際營運資料，透過實地的觀察、親身的經驗及實地訪談相關經辦人員與部門主管，依作業基礎成本制度的作業流程，正確界定內部的作業、找出作業動因及成本動因，精確估算顧客利潤，並由顧客屬性構面試圖找出影響顧客利潤之因子及個案公司利潤顧客的屬性，同時將其研究之結果，運用策略性作業基礎管理制度來協助個案公司的管理者作為管理目標顧客、建立市場區隔、擬訂策略目標時之參考；此外，再針對顧客的不同屬性與實際需求，提供各種不同的產品及組合，發展以顧客為導向的行銷策略，提供有市場差異化的價格及服務予客戶，提高客戶的貢獻度。

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:14:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1995-05-15T00:00:00Z / Apresenta uma nova abordagem de mensuração de desempenho para as empresas manufatureiras, com ênfase nos princípios, critérios, modelos e metodologias para a implementação destes sistemas. Aborda o tópico das mudanças ocorridas no ambiente de negócios e do contexto específico do setor fabril, com miras a construir uma visão global dos eventos ocorridos na organização de trabalho, que permita a melhor compreensão do tema particular deste estudo. Apresenta uma metodologia proposta para a medição de desempenho nas indústrias.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:53:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-03-25T00:00:00Z / The history of the Agency of Economic Development of Great ABC is described in it's formation and development as an institution of regional administration which includes public entities - the seven city administrations - and institutions of civil society: employers', employee's and academic representatives. The questions discussed are the impacts of the federalism and the lack of politics to solve common problems of the different governmental units in a rnetropolitan region, discouraging the cooperation between the federative entities in these regions. The central point of the analysis is that, in spite of theses obstac1es, there was developed an experience, unique in Brazil, of inter- and intragovernrnental cooperation with support of the local society, which, however, presents limitations. The process of constructing a dialogue and unity between different participants is clarified with its phases, participants, institutions and conflicts and its impacts on the development of the Agency. / Retrata, em sua formação e trajetória, a história da Agência de Desenvolvimento Econômico do Grande ABC, instituição de gestão regional que congrega as sete prefeituras da região e instituições da sociedade civil: empresariais, sindicais e universitárias. As questões que conduzem a discussão são os impactos da variável federativa e a ausência de políticas de solução de problemas comuns das várias unidades de governo de uma região metropolitana, que desestimulam a cooperação entre os entes federativos nessas regiões. O ponto central de análise é que, a despeito desses obstáculos, foi desenvolvida uma experiência, singular no Brasil, de cooperação inter e intragovernamental com adesão da sociedade local, que, no entanto, apresenta limitações. É explicitado o processo de construção do diálogo e união de diferentes atores, com suas instituições, conflitos e seu impacto no desenvolvimento da Agência.

MGS / Institute for Gender and Youth Studies / Extensive resources and information are available on HIV/AIDS, but there remain disparities between what is known and actual behavior, particularly among students at tertiary institutions. A lot has been done to create HIV awareness and prevent further infections among male and female students in Higher Education Institutions of South Africa. Despite the availability of information, awareness education and campaigns, free condoms and treatment, the HIV infections continue to increase in South Africa especially amongst the youth. The aim of the study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of male and female students at the University of Venda towards the “ABC” strategy for HIV prevention, and how these consequently influence their sexual behavior. Data was obtained from 32 students using a semistructured questionnaire. A non-probability, haphazard sampling technique was used to randomly select the participants. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used for data analysis. The study findings contend that knowledge of HIV and its prevention measures always translates to positive sexual behaviour, as university students were found to be knowledgeable enough, but their attitudes and sexual behaviour were found not to be consistent enough. The researcher recommends future researchers to focus on the factors that hinder sexual abstinence, fidelity in sexual relationships, and condom use amongst Higher Education students, towards creating safer environments for them.

SummaryBackground Prosthetic users face significant challenges both physically and psychologically. Falling poses a significant risk for the individual, and a consequence of this is gaining a fear of falling and self-imposed restrictions. These consequences can have a major impact on the individuals’ health and quality of life. However, the research in this area is limited.   Objectives  This study aims to investigate prosthetic users’ fear of falling and the circumstances surrounding falls among individuals with a lower-limb amputation in England and Sweden.   Method  In April 2022 a cross-sectional survey was conducted in England and Sweden. 11 participants were recruited. The survey was aimed at the population of lower-limb amputated individuals at the age of 18 or above in the two countries. The survey consists of 111 items with mostly closed-ended questions. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used for the analysis of the data.       Results  The study showed that 8 (72.7%) out of 11 participants had not experienced a fall within the last 30 days and the most common frequency of falls was every six months (54,5%). 2 (18.2%) participants had a fall once every three months which was the highest frequency of falls reported in the survey. This is seen as low frequency, however, 7 (63,3%) out of 11 participants had a fear of falling. A correlation between Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) and Gait-Specific Attentional Profile instruments (G-SAP) was performed using a Pearson’s product-moment correlation which showed there was a strong relationship between the three instruments. The correlation between the FES-I and G-SAP is 0,800, FES-I and ABC are -,853 and the correlation between ABC and G-SAP is -, 821.   Conclusion  A strong relationship was found between the Falls Efficacy Scale-International, Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale and the Gait-Specific Attentional Profile. Regardless of having fallen within the past 30 days, a high concern of fear of falling was found, and the most common reason for falls was uneven surfaces such as gardens. / Bakgrund Protesanvändare står inför många tuffa utmaningar dagligen, beroende på såväl fysiska som psykiska faktorer. Det finns en överhängande risk att ramla för individen, en konsekvens av detta är att drabbas av fallrädsla och sedermera individutvecklade hinder i vardagen. Dessa konsekvenser och hinder kan ha stor inverkan på individens hälsa och livskvalitet. Forskningen på detta område är dock begränsad.   Mål Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka protesanvändares rädsla för att ramla, samt omständigheterna kring varför man ramlar, hos individer med underbensamputation i England och Sverige.   Metod Under april 2022 genomfördes en tvärsnittsundersökning i England och Sverige. 11 deltagare rekryterades. Undersökningen riktade sig till individer i England och Sverige som genomgått amputation av nedre extremitet och var minst 18 år. Enkäten bestod av 111 frågor med till största delen slutna frågor. Beskrivande och inferentiella statistikmetoder användes för analys av data.   Resultat Studien visade att 8 st (72,7%) av de 11 deltagarna inte hade upplevt ett fall de senaste 30 dagarna och att den vanligaste fallfrekvensen var ett fall var sjätte månad (54,5%). Två (18,2%) deltagare angav fallolyckor en gång var tredje månad, vilket var den högsta fallfrekvensen som rapporterades i undersökningen. Detta ses som en låg frekvens, men 7 st (63,3%) av de 11 deltagarna upplevde en rädsla för att ramla. En korrelationsanalys mellan Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) och Gait-Specific Attentional Profile (G-SAP) utfördes med hjälp av Pearsons produkt-moment korrelationskoefficient, som visade att det fanns ett starkt samband mellan de treinstrumenten. Korrelationen mellan FES-I och G-SAP var 0,800, mellan FES-I och ABC var det -,853 och mellan ABC och G-SAP var det -,821.   Slutsats Ett starkt samband hittades mellan Falls Efficacy Scale-International, Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, och Gait-Specific Attentional Profile instrumenten. Oavsett om deltagarna hade ramlat under de senaste 30 dagarna, konstaterades en stor oro för att ramla, och den vanligaste fallorsaken var ojämna ytor såsom i trädgårdar.

Bakgrund och problem: Det har riktats kritik mot den traditionella ekonomistyrningen vilket har gjort att moderna styrmetoder och verktyg växt fram för att komplettera ekonomistyrningen. De faktorer som tvingat fram den moderna styrningen går även att se i musikbranschen. Detta, tillsammans med att ekonomistyrning i musikbranschen generellt sett är outforskat, gör att det blir intressant att undersöka hur skivbolag i musikbranschen använder sig av en traditionell ekonomistyrning eller modern verksamhetsstyrning. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att genom att undersöka två skivbolags ekonomistyrning kartlägga hur ekonomistyrningen karaktäriseras utifrån traditionell ekonomistyrning och modern verksamhetsstyrning. Metod: Metoden som använts vid denna studie är kvalitativ. Vi har genom fallstudier hos två skivbolag undersökt och skapat oss en förståelse av ekonomistyrningen i bolagen med hjälp av semi-strukturerade intervjuer och kompletterande frågor via mail.   Slutsats: Det går att se att skivbolagen övergått delvis till en modern verksamhetsstyrning men att det alltså finns en blandning mellan användandet av traditionella och moderna styrmetoder och verktyg. / Background and problem: Criticism has been raised towards the traditional management control which pushed forward modern management methods and tools to complement management accounting. The factors that pushed out this modern management control are possible to see in the music industry aswell. This, together with the fact that management control in the music industry has a research gap, makes it interesting to examine how record labels in the swedish music industry are using traditional or modern management control. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to through the examination of two record labels create an understanding of how the management control is characterized through traditional or modern management control. Method: The method used in this study is qualitative. We have through a multiple-case study at two record labels examined and created an understanding of the management control in the companies with the help of semi-structured interviews and complementary questions through mail. Conclusion: It is possible to see that the record labels has partly moved to modern management control but also that you can see a mix between the usage of traditional and modern control methods and tools.

After dedicating over two years to pursuing an MFA degree focused on ceramics and sculpture, I find myself transported back to a familiar setting from my past: a tableau reminiscent of what remained in the dining space after four young children finished a meal and exited the room. Revisiting the scene recalls happy times despite the disorder. What helped maintain my sanity during the relentless repetition of the every-day-long task was the realization that every day, innocents are learning to become aware of the world around them. For my thesis exhibition, I created a tableau as a loud reminder of those messier times in my home. My exhibition features an oversized wooden toddler's chair and table, surrounded by scattered meal-time remnants exaggerated in scale predominantly crafted from ceramic. The food items are strewn about in seemingly random arrangements, creating a chaotic still life. Perhaps the disproportionate size of the furniture and the disorderliness subconsciously acknowledge the monumental challenge of caring for children, a task that once felt never-ending but has since become a distant memory. Viewers may find solace in the mundane subject matter and in the ease of recognizing the familiar elements on display.

La relación bilateral entre Estados Unidos de América y España durante buena parte del siglo XX, ha estado determinada por la seguridad. La posición geoestratégica de España y su valor de intermediación en Hispanoamérica, de un lado, y el poder económico y militar de Estados Unidos, por otro, provocó un interés recíproco entre ambos países, que iniciaron su relación amistosa a mediados del siglo pasado, y aún perdura de forma continua, aunque ha sufrido diferentes vaivenes que le han conferido cierta inestabilidad. Los medios periodísticos españoles no han evaluado esta relación de la misma forma y esta investigación pretende demostrar que las líneas editoriales de los diferentes medios periodísticos analizados, han incidido de forma directa en la percepción que la opinión pública tenía acerca de esta relación, y de cuál debía ser el papel de España frente a Estados Unidos. Para ello, se han analizado una serie de casos de estudio, en forma de hechos históricos singulares ocurridos entre 1975 y 2005 y que afectaban directamente tanto a España como a Estados Unidos, a través de tres periódicos nacionales con alto nivel de influencia sobre la población española, para determinar cómo los medios influyeron en la opinión pública la opinión pública y cómo ésta influyó en la relación bilateral. Para entender la naturaleza de la relación entre estos dos países, se ha realizado una revisión histórica de la relación hispano norteamericana, a través de los diferentes periodos de Gobierno sucedidos en España durante el periodo seleccionado. Por otro lado, también se ha realizado una sucinta revisión histórica de los tres periódicos que sirven como variables de estudio, ABC, El País, y La Vanguardia, para entender la trayectoria periodística de cada uno y fijar su línea editorial, lo que determinará el tratamiento que cada uno de ellos hará de la información de cada hecho histórico seleccionado. Por último, se presentan las conclusiones del estudio y las tesis a las que llega la investigación y se proponen diferentes líneas de actuación para completar o continuar esta investigación para futuros doctorandos y/o investigadores sociales.

Glycosphingolipid (GSL) metabolism is a complex process involving proteins and enzymes at distinct locations within the cell. Mammalian GSLs are typically based on glucose or galactose, forming glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and galactosylceramide (GalCer). Most GSLs are derived from GlcCer, which is synthesized on the cytosolic leaflet of the Golgi, while all subsequent GSLs are synthesized on the lumenal side. We have utilized both pharamacological and genetic manipulation approaches to selectively regulate GSL metabolism and better understand its mechanistic details. We have developed analogues of GlcCer and GalCer by substituting the fatty acid moiety with an adamanatane frame. The resulting adamantylGSLs are more water-soluble than their natural counterparts. These analogues selectively interfere with GSL metabolism at particular points within the metabolic pathway. At 40 µM, adaGlcCer prevents synthesis of all GSLs downstream of GlcCer, while also elevating GlcCer levels, by inhibiting lactosylceramide (LacCer) synthase and glucocerebrosidase, respectively. AdaGalCer specifically reduces synthesis of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and downstream globo-series GSLs. AdaGalCer also increases Gaucher disease N370S glucocerebrosidase expression, lysosomal localization and activity. AdaGSLs, therefore, have potential as novel therapeutic agents in diseases characterized by GSL anomalies and as tools to study the effects of GSL modulation. Two predominant theories have been developed to explain how GlcCer accesses the Golgi lumen: one involving direct translocation from the cytosolic-to-lumenal leaflet of the Golgi by the ABC transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1, MDR1), and the other involving retrograde transport of GlcCer by FAPP2 to the ER, followed by entry into the vesicular transport system for Golgi lumenal access. To examine the in vivo involvement of P-gp in GSL metabolism, we generated a knockout model by crossbreeding the Fabry disease mouse with the P-gp knockout mouse. HPLC analyses of tissue Gb3 levels revealed a tissue-specific reduction in MDR1/Fabry mice. TLC analyses, however, did not show such reduction. In addition, we performed a gene knockdown study using siRNA against P-gp and FAPP2. Results show these siRNA to have distinct effects on GSL levels that are cell-type specific. These results give rise to the prospect of unique therapeutic approaches by targeting P-gp or FAPP2 for synthesis inhibition of particular GSL pathways.

Glycosphingolipid (GSL) metabolism is a complex process involving proteins and enzymes at distinct locations within the cell. Mammalian GSLs are typically based on glucose or galactose, forming glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and galactosylceramide (GalCer). Most GSLs are derived from GlcCer, which is synthesized on the cytosolic leaflet of the Golgi, while all subsequent GSLs are synthesized on the lumenal side. We have utilized both pharamacological and genetic manipulation approaches to selectively regulate GSL metabolism and better understand its mechanistic details. We have developed analogues of GlcCer and GalCer by substituting the fatty acid moiety with an adamanatane frame. The resulting adamantylGSLs are more water-soluble than their natural counterparts. These analogues selectively interfere with GSL metabolism at particular points within the metabolic pathway. At 40 µM, adaGlcCer prevents synthesis of all GSLs downstream of GlcCer, while also elevating GlcCer levels, by inhibiting lactosylceramide (LacCer) synthase and glucocerebrosidase, respectively. AdaGalCer specifically reduces synthesis of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and downstream globo-series GSLs. AdaGalCer also increases Gaucher disease N370S glucocerebrosidase expression, lysosomal localization and activity. AdaGSLs, therefore, have potential as novel therapeutic agents in diseases characterized by GSL anomalies and as tools to study the effects of GSL modulation. Two predominant theories have been developed to explain how GlcCer accesses the Golgi lumen: one involving direct translocation from the cytosolic-to-lumenal leaflet of the Golgi by the ABC transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1, MDR1), and the other involving retrograde transport of GlcCer by FAPP2 to the ER, followed by entry into the vesicular transport system for Golgi lumenal access. To examine the in vivo involvement of P-gp in GSL metabolism, we generated a knockout model by crossbreeding the Fabry disease mouse with the P-gp knockout mouse. HPLC analyses of tissue Gb3 levels revealed a tissue-specific reduction in MDR1/Fabry mice. TLC analyses, however, did not show such reduction. In addition, we performed a gene knockdown study using siRNA against P-gp and FAPP2. Results show these siRNA to have distinct effects on GSL levels that are cell-type specific. These results give rise to the prospect of unique therapeutic approaches by targeting P-gp or FAPP2 for synthesis inhibition of particular GSL pathways.