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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
521

Ação dos compostos antioxidantes na redução do estresse oxidativo em modelo experimental de câncer de pulmão: estudo do pequi (Caryocar brasilense camb) / The action of the antioxidant compounds in the reduction of the oxidative stress in an experimental model of lung cancer: the study of the pequi (Caryocar brasiliense camb)

Natália Beatriz Rigoldi Colombo 13 February 2014 (has links)
Introdução. Uma alimentação rica em antioxidantes pode prevenir e reparar danos oxidativos causados pelas espécies reativas de nitrogênio e oxigênio, como o dano no DNA e a peroxidação lipídica e pode reduzir o risco de câncer, aterosclerose e outras doenças degenerativas. A polpa do Caryocar Brasiliense Camb, mais conhecido como pequi, é uma fruta do cerrado brasileiro que possui altos níveis de antioxidantes como os carotenóides, vitamina C e E e compostos fenólicos. Objetivos. Verificar a atividade antioxidante do óleo e do extrato da polpa do pequi na diminuição do estresse oxidativo em um modelo experimental de carcinogênese pulmonar. Métodos. O estudo foi realizado em 40 camundongos BALB/C machos: 35 animais foram submetidos a duas doses intra-peritoniais de 1,5 g/kg de uretana (U = 5), 10 destes camundongos receberam por gavagem 15uL de óleo da polpa do pequi (UO = 10), 10 animais receberam gavagem de 15uL de extrato etanólico de polpa de pequi (UE = 10) e os 10 animais restantes receberam por gavagem 3?g/kg de betacaroteno (UB = 10). 5 camundongos não receberam as doses de uretana nem a gavagem (C = 5). Após 60 dias, os grupos foram sacrificados. A defesa antioxidante enzimática foi mensurada pelo teste bioquímico. A atividade antioxidante do óleo de pequi foi avaliada nos tecidos do pulmão pelo teste bioquímico de TBARS (substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico) e os danos do DNA pelo método de teste de cometa. A expressão gênica e protéica das óxido nítrico sintases foi analisada por biologia molecular e imunohistoquímica, respectivamente. Resultados. O parênquima pulmonar dos animais que receberam as doses de uretana apresentaram formações neoplásicas induzidas pela carcinogênese química, em contraste com o grupo Controle. Os grupos de animais que receberam as doses de uretana e foram suplementados com o betacaroteno, o óleo e o extrato de pequi apresentaram resultados importantes na diminuição do dano no DNA, na peroxidação lipídica e na expressão protéica e gênica das isoformas da óxido nítrico sintase (NOS1, NOS2 e NOS3) ao contrário dos animais que receberam apenas as doses de uretana. Conclusão. Concluiu-se que os diferentes compostos antioxidantes encontrados no óleo e no extrato do pequi são eficientes para diminuir a expressão das enzimas óxido nítrico sintase, o dano no DNA e a peroxidação lipídica em um modelo experimental de carcinogênese pulmonar induzida pelo uretana, sugerindo que essa fruta possa contribuir no tratamento de câncer de pulmão / Introduction. A daily consumption of foods that are rich in antioxidant compounds can prevent and repair the oxidative damage caused by reactive species of oxygen and nitrogen, such as DNA damage and lipid peroxidation and can reduce the risk of cancer, atherosclerosis and other degenerative diseases. The pulp of the Caryocar brasiliense camb, most known as pequi, has high levels of antioxidant compounds such as carotenoids, phenolic compounds and vitamin C and E. Objectives. Verify the antioxidant activity of the oil and extract of the pequi pulp in diminishing of the oxidative stress in an experimental model of lung cancer. Methods. The study was performed in 40 male BALB/c mices: 35 animals were submitted to two doses of 1,5g/kg intraperitoneal of urethane (U=5), 10 of these mices received by gavage 15uL of pequi pulp oil (UO=10), 10 animals received by gavage 15uL of ethanolic extract of pequi pulp (UE=10) and the other 10 animals received by gavage 3?g/kg of betacarotene (UB=10). 5 mices didn\'t receive the urethane doses neither the gavage (C=5). After 60 days, the groups were sacrificed. The enzymatic antioxidant defense was measured by biochemical test. The antioxidant activity of pequi oil was evaluated in the lung tissues by the biochemical TBARS test (Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) and the DNA damage by the comet test method. Nitric oxid Synthases gene and protein expression was analyzed by molecular biology and imunohistochemestry, respectively. Results. The pulmonary parenquima of animals that received the urethane doses showed neoplasic formations induced by the chemical carcinogenesis, in contrast with the control group. The groups of animals that received the urethane doses and the treatment with the oil, extract and betacarotene showed an important result in diminishing the DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, genic and protein expression of the nitric oxid synthase isoforms (NOS1,NOS2,NOS3), different from what we found in the group that just received the urethane doses. Conclusion. The different antioxidant components in the oil and extract of the pequi pulp are efficient to diminish the oxid nitric synthase isoforms, DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in an experimental model pulmonary chemical carcinogenesis, and suggest that the consumption of the fruit can be a good alternative to contribute in the treatment of lung cancer
522

Avaliação dos efeitos do betabloqueador nebivolol sobre o peritônio em modelo experimental murino de diálise peritoneal / Assessment of the effects of beta-blocker nebivolol on the peritoneum in an experimental murine model of peritoneal dialysis

Mazo, Anna Rita Moraes de Souza Aguirre 20 October 2011 (has links)
A falência de ultrafiltração (UFF) é uma causa importante de interrupção da diálise peritoneal (DP) enquanto terapia renal substitutiva. Além da inflamação crônica e aguda causadas à membrana peritoneal (MP) pelos produtos de degradação da glicose, produtos avançados da glicosilação, pH ácido das soluções e infecções, -bloqueadores (BB) também foram implicados na gênese da UFF. A vasoconstrição arteriolar esplâncnica é considerada a causa provável da UFF por BB. O nebivolol (NV), um bloqueador 1-adrenérgico altamente seletivo que, diferente de outros BB, possui efeito vasodilatador por aumento de óxido nítrico (NO) por ativar a via L-arginina-NO, foi testado em pacientes idosos com ICC e levou à redução na mortalidade. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar os efeitos do NV sobre a ultrafiltração (UF), MP e características do efluente em um modelo animal de DP, através do estudo de fenômenos envolvidos na degeneração da MP e UFF, como transição epitélio mesenquimal (EMT) e fibrose, além de parâmetros humorais e celulares de inflamação. 21 camundongos C57BL/6 fêmeas, não urêmicos, com 12 a 14 semanas, foram submetidos à colocação de cateter peritoneal. Após uma semana, foram divididos em 3 grupos de 7 animais: grupo controle (observação 30 dias), grupo SDP (2 mL/ dia de solução glicosada de diálise peritoneal a 4,25% através do cateter, por 30 dias) e grupo NV (além da infusão, receberam 8 mg/kg/dia de NV por gavagem, por 30 dias). Após 30 dias, comparou-se espessura submesotelial, volume de UF, velocidades de transporte de pequenos solutos, marcação submesotelial de pan-citoqueratina, para quantificar EMT, contagem de vasos, linfangiogênese diafragmática e concentração de IL-6 e IL-10 no efluente. A espessura da MP foi de 23,14 m no grupo controle, no grupo SDP foi de 102,4 m e no grupo NV, 29,04 m, com p<0,05. O volume de UF foi 1,94mL para o grupo controle, para o grupo SDP, 1,56 mL e, para o grupo NV, 2,05 mL, também com p<0,05. Houve menor EMT, menor angiogênese e tendência a transporte mais lento de solutos no grupo tratado, assim como menor concentração de IL-6 e proporções de populações de linfócitos semelhantes às do grupo controle. Concluímos que a droga impediu o desenvolvimento de UFF, através do bloqueio de fenômenos como EMT, espessamento da MP e neoangiogênese, além de preservar características de imunidade celular e humoral locais, merecendo ser estudada em pacientes submetidos à DP / Ultrafiltration failure (UFF) is a major cause of peritoneal dialysis (PD) discontinuation. Besides peritoneal membrane (PM) acute and chronic inflammation caused by glucose degradation products, advanced glycation end-products, acidic pH of the solutions and peritoneal infections, also -blockers (BBs) have been implicated in UFF genesis. Splanchnic arteriolar vasoconstriction has been considered the probable cause of UFF induced by BBs. Nebivolol (NV), a highly selective 1-adrenergic blocker, unlike other BBs, has a vasodilatory effect caused by its ability to increase nitric oxide (NO) through L-arginine-NO pathway activation. NV has been tested in elderly patients with congestive heart failure and led to mortality reduction. The aim of this work is to analyze the effects of NV over ultrafiltration (UF), PM and effluent characteristics in an animal model of PD. For that end, phenomena known to be involved in PM degeneration and UFF, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fibrosis, as well as cellular and humoral parameters of inflammation have been studied. 21 C57BL/ 6 female non uremic mice, ageing 12 to 14 weeks, underwent peritoneal catheter placement. One week later, they were divided into 3 groups of 7 animals: control group (observation for 30 day), PDF group (2 mL/ day of 4.25% dextrose peritoneal dialysis fluid injected through the catheter for 30 days) and NV group (besides the PDF infusion, this group received 8 mg/ kg/ day of NV by gavage, for 30 days). After 30 days, submesotelial thickness, UF volume, small solute transport speed, submesotelial pan-cytokeratin staining (EMT quantification), vessel count, diaphragmatic lymphangiogenesis and IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations in the effluent were compared. PM thickness was 23.14 m in the control group, 102.4 m in the PDF group and 29.04 m in the NV group, p <0.05. UF volume was 1.94 mL in the control group, 1.56 mL in the SDP group, and in the NV group, 2.05 mL, p <0.05. There was less EMT, less angiogenesis and a tendency to a slower solute transport in the treated group. Lower levels of IL-6 and similar lymphocyte populations proportions to the control group were also found. We conclude that the drug can prevent UFF development, through blockade of phenomena such as EMT, PM thickening and neoangiogenesis, while characteristics of local cellular and humoral immunity were preserved. These results warrant a clinical study of the drug in PD patients
523

Hipertrofia miocárdica induzida por consumo elevado de sal na dieta: avaliação do sistema renina-angiotensina e do efeito da N-acetilcisteína / Cardiac hypertrophy induced by high salt diet: renin-angiotensin system and N-acetylcysteine effect

Katayama, Isis Akemi 13 May 2014 (has links)
As doenças cardiovasculares são a maior causa de morte no mundo e entre essas doenças, a hipertrofia cardíaca (HC) tem se destacado especialmente por ser um fator de risco de insuficiência cardíaca. A HC é um fenômeno que acompanha a hipertensão arterial e no qual se observa aumento de proteínas estruturais e contráteis dos cardiomiócitos, havendo muitas vezes concomitantemente aumento do colágeno intersticial. Fatores independentes da pressão arterial também podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento da hipertrofia cardíaca. Dentre estes fatores, a sobrecarga de sal na dieta tem se destacado. Diversos estudos comprovam o efeito hipertrófico do sal. Em modelos animais onde se estudou sobrecarga de sal, não foi detectado aumento da atividade de renina plasmática, sugerindo que o sistema renina-angiotensina aldosterona (SRA) circulante pode não estar envolvido no desenvolvimento da hipertrofia cardíaca. Apesar de alguns estudos tentarem elucidar o papel do sal no desenvolvimento da hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, os mecanismos pelo qual o sal atua ainda não estão totalmente esclarecidos. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo é observar os fenômenos que ocorrem no ventrículo esquerdo em resposta a sobrecarga de sal na dieta na tentativa de elucidar sua fisiopatologia. Para tanto, ratos Wistar machos foram divididos em cinco grupos de acordo com a dieta (normossódica 1,26% e hipersódica 8% de NaCl) e com o tratamento (losartan, cloridrato de hidralazina ou N-acetilcisteína). Foi avaliada a evolução ponderal, pressão arterial caudal, medida do diâmetro transverso do cardiomiócito, fibrose intersticial, expressão gênica e proteica dos componentes do SRA, dosagem de aldosterona sérica e cardíaca, dosagem de TBARS cardíaco, concentração de angiotensina II e estado conformacional dos receptores AT1 e AT2. Os principais resultados observados foram: o aumento do consumo de ração (com elevada concentração de NaCl) do grupo HS+NAC e consequente aumento na pressão arterial e peso corpóreo; o desenvolvimento de HC independente do incremento da pressão arterial no grupo HS+HZ e a prevenção total ou parcial dessa hipertrofia através dos tratamentos com losartan e N-acetilcisteína, respectivamente e prevenção da fibrose intersticial nos grupos tratados com hidralazina, losartan e N-acetilcisteína / Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and among these diseases, the cardiac hypertrophy (CH) has been highlighted, especially as an important risk factor for developing heart failure. The CH is a phenomenon that accompanies hypertension and in which there is increased structural and contractile proteins in cardiomyocytes, with often concomitant increase of interstitial collagen. Blood pressure independent risk factors can also contribute to the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Among these factors, the high salt intake has been outstanding. Several studies confirm the hypertrophic effect of salt. In animal models submitted to salt overload, no increase in plasma renin activity was observed, suggesting that the renin-angiotensin (RAS) circulating system may not be involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Although some studies attempting to elucidate the role of salt in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy, the mechanisms by which salt acts are not yet fully understood. In this context, the objective of this study is to observe the phenomena occurring in the left ventricle in response to dietary salt overload in an attempt to elucidate its pathophysiology.Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups according to their diet (1.26% and 8% NaCl) and treatment (losartan, hydralazine or N-acetylcysteine). We evaluated the body weight, tail-cuff blood pressure, the transverse diameter of the cardiomyocyte, interstitial fibrosis, gene and protein expression of RAAS components, serum and cardiac aldosterone dosage, cardiac TBARS, angiotensin II concentration and binding of conformation-specific anti-AT1 and anti-AT2 antibodies. The main results were: increased food intake (with high NaCl content) in the HS + NAC group and consequent increase in blood pressure and body weight; developing blood pressure-independent CH in the HS + HZ group partial or total prevention of such hypertrophy by treatment with losartan and N-acetylcysteine, respectively, and prevention of interstitial fibrosis in groups treated with hydralazine, losartan and N-acetylcysteine
524

Osteoartrite experimental em ratos: efeito de sulfato de glicosamina e sulfato de condroitina sobre a incapacitação articular e a lesão de cartilagem articular / Experimental osteoarthritis in rats: evaluation of antinociceptive and chondroprotective effects of glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate

Francisco Saraiva da Silva Junior 11 April 2007 (has links)
OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o efeito de sulfato de glicosamina e sulfato de condroitina sobre a nocicepção e o dano da cartilagem articular em um modelo de osteoartrite experimental em ratos. MÉTODOS: Osteoartrite (OA) foi induzida em ratos Wistar machos por transecção do ligamento cruzado anterior (TLCA) do joelho direito. Um grupo falso-operado (SHAM) foi utilizado como controle. Animais OA foram tratados v.o. desde 7 dias antes, até o sacrifício, 70 dias após a TLCA, com sulfato de glicosamina 500 mg/kg (Glu), a combinação sulfato de glicosamina 500 mg/kg e sulfato de condroitina 400 mg/kg (GluChon), ou salina (OANT). Um grupo controle positivo recebeu meloxicam 6 mg/kg s.c. A dor articular foi avaliada pelo teste de incapacitação articular para ratos. Os animais foram sacrificados em diferentes períodos (7,14,28 e 70 dias) após a TLCA. A gravidade das lesões histopatológicas foi graduada nos fêmures após coloração por H&E e azul de toluidina através do escore da OARSI. A quantidade de glicosaminoglicanos (GAGs) extraídos da cartilagem articular dos côndilos femorais foi medida após eletroforese em gel de agarose. O tamanho molecular dos GAGs foi medido após eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida. A liberação de NO no líquido sinovial foi medida 7 dias após TLCA. RESULTADOS: GluChon reduziu significativamente a dor articular nesse modelo (p<0,01). Glu também reduziu a dor articular, mas não se alcançou significância estatística. Os animais OA apresentaram um aumento significativo dos GAGs na cartilagem articular aos 70 dias após TLCA (77,68±3,38 µg/mg) quando comparados aos animais SHAM (53,46±4,58 µg/mg). O tamanho molecular dos GAGs foi significativamente maior nos animais OA que nos animais SHAM 70 dias após a cirurgia (p<0,01). GluChon preveniu tanto o aumento da quantidade de GAGs (54,42±5,39 µg/mg), quanto de seu tamanho molecular (p<0,05), e estes resultados acompanharam-se de melhora significativa da lesão histopatológica (p<0,05). Os resultados obtidos com Glu foram semelhantes, porém menos evidentes, e não alcançaram significância estatística. Glu aumentou significativamente a quantidade de NO na cavidade articular 7 dias após a TLCA. CONCLUSÕES: GluChon foi antinociceptivo e reduziu significativamente a incapacitação articular. A lesão da cartilagem articular no modelo de TLCA em ratos se acompanha de aumento da concentração e do tamanho molecular dos GAGs, e o tratamento com GluChon previne essas alterações e reduz o dano histopatológico. GluChon foi mais eficaz do que Glu tanto na redução da dor quanto da lesão da cartilagem articular, sugerindo benefício da combinação sobre o uso isolado de sulfato de glicosamina. / OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the antinociceptive and chondroprotective effects of glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. METHODS: Male Wistar rats underwent anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) or sham operation of the right knee. Animals were treated p.o. with glucosamine sulfate (Glu) 500 mg/kg, the combination of glucosamine sulfate 500 mg/kg and chondroitin sulfate 400 mg/kg (GluChon), or saline, since 7 days prior to surgery until the sacrifice 70 days after ACLT. A positive control group received meloxicam 6 mg/kg s.c. for antinociceptive evaluation comparisons. Joint pain was evaluated with rat incapacitation test. Animals were sacrificed 7,14,28 or 70 days after ACLT. The severity of histopathologic lesions was evaluated on femoral condyles after hematoxylin-eosin or toluidine blue staining with OARSI grading and staging system. Cartilage extracted glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) concentration was assessed after agarose gel electrophoresis. GAGs\' molecular weight was evaluated after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. NO release in synovial fluids was assessed 7 days after ACLT. RESULTS: GluChon reduced joint pain (p<0.01). Glu also reduced joint pain, but results did not reach statistical significance. A significant increase in articular cartilage\'s GAGs concentration was observed in OA animals (77.68±3.38 µg/mg) as compared to sham (53.46±4.58 µg/mg). OA animals also had significantly higher molecular weight GAGs than sham (p<0.01). GluChon prevented both GAG concentration and molecular weight elevations in OA animals, and that was associated with significant less cartilage damage assessed by histopathologic examination (p<0.05). Glu effects were less evident, and did not reach statistical significance. Glu was associated with significant higher concentrations of NO in synovial fluid. CONCLUSIONS: GluChon was antinociceptive on the ACLT model in rats. Articular cartilage damage was associated with increased amounts of GAG with higher molecular weight, and the prevention of these alterations with GluChon treatment was associated with less histopathologic damage. GluChon was more efficient than Glu for both pain and articular cartilage damage reduction, suggesting that combined treatment is better than glucosamine sulfate alone.
525

Modelo animal de lavagem peritoneal contínua associada à peritoneostomia a vácuo / Animal model of continuous peritoneal lavage associated with vacuum laparotomy

Adilson Costa Rodrigues Junior 14 August 2015 (has links)
Introdução: O tratamento das peritonites difusas, apesar dos avanços alcançados, continua difícil. Diversas técnicas e protocolos vêm sendo utilizados, porém esse casos seguem com altos índices de morbidade e mortalidade . O uso de peritoneostomias foi encorajado após o surgimento da terapia a vácuo, obtendo-se resultados promissores. Porém a lavagem peritoneal contínua ainda é uma modalidade considerada tecnicamente de difícil execução e de resultados controversos. Nesse experimento desenvolvemos e propomos um novo modelo de lavagem peritoneal continua que aproveitasse a facilidade e os benefícios da peritineostomia a vácuo. Métodos: Projeto piloto com 2 porcos foi realizado para padronização do posicionamento dos materiais e confecção da peritoneostomia que melhor se adaptasse ao modelo de lavagem contínua. Outros 12 porcos anestesiados 12 porcos, mantidos sob ventilação mecânica, recebendo solução de Ringer lactato 5ml/kg/h e monitorização continua. Submetidos a laparotomia mediada, posicionado dois tubos multi-perfurados 4.8mm nos flancos, confeccionado uma peritoneostomia a vácuo (Vivano® Hartmann) e aplicada pressão negativa 125mmHg. Para avaliação da integridade do sistema e efeitos fisiológicos da lavagem peritoneal continua, 8 porcos foram divididos em 2 grupos: em 4 deles foi Infundido através dos tubos multi-perfurados solução fisiológica (SF 0,9%), e nos outros 4 foi infundido solução de diálise peritoneal com dextrose 1,5% (SDPD 1,5%). Para avaliar a eficiência do sistema em alcançar todos os espaços e recessos intra-abdominais foi infundido solução de partículas de carbono em suspensão (nanquim) diluídas em SF 0,9%, e obtido imagens de tomografia computadorizada Nos mesmos animais foi testado a eficiência do clearance de fluido utilizado na lavagem peritoneal, observando a remoção da solução de nanquim diluída através da peritoneostomia. Resultados: Exames de imagem obtidos através de tomografia computadorizada, após infusão de fluidos, mostraram que o método é capaz de ocupar todos os espaços e recessos intra-abdominais. Apresentou também um clearance de fluido abdominal adequado com remoção progressiva de partículas de carbono em suspensão. Outro resultado importante foi a estabilidade da peritoneostomia a vácuo em conjunto com a infusão continua de fluidos. Não houve vazamentos ou obstrução dos cateteres durante todo procedimento. Notou-se que liquido infundido foi praticamente reabsorvido. Parâmetros hemodinâmicos e bioquímicos se mantiveram dentro da normalidade com a utilização de SDPD 1,5%, resultado não obtido com a utilização de SF 0,9%. Conclusão: Este modelo de lavagem peritoneal contínua é tecnicamente executável e mantem parâmetros fisiológicos dentro da normalidade quando utilizado SDPD 1,5% / Background: Treatment of diffuse peritonitis remains a challenge. With the advent of vacuum therapy, the use of laparotomy to treat peritonitis has gained attraction. However maintaining a continuous peritoneal lavage is technically difficult and has controversial results. In this experiment we have developed and proposed a new model of continuous peritoneal lavage taking advantage of the features and benefits of the vacuum laparotomy. Methods: Pilot project with two pigs was performed to standardize the positioning of materials and making of laparostomy that best suited to the model of continuous peritoneal lavage. Another 12 pigs under effects of general anesthesia and permanent hemodynamic monitoring were submitted to laparotomy. Then a multi-perforated tube was placed along each flank and exteriorized in the left and right lower quadrants of the abdomen. A vacuum dressing was placed and negative pressure was maintained with it. To evaluate the integrity in the system and physiological effects of continuous peritoneal lavage, A group of 8 pigs were divided into 2 sub-groups: The first sub-group of 4 animals received through multiperforated tubes peritoneal dialysis solution with Dextrose 1,5% (PDSD 1,5%) and the second subgroup of 4 pigs received saline solution 0,9% (SS 0,9%). To asses the system\'s efficiency in reach all intra-abdominal spaces and recesses, carbon particles in suspension (China Ink) diluted in SS 0,9% was infused into the abdominal cavity in all 8 pigs, this was followed by computerized tomography (CT) images. In addition, the same pigs were used to evaluate the efficiency of the intra-abdominal fluid clearance analyzing the washing of china ink diluted in SS 0,9% that was infused into the abdominal cavity. Results: Imaging obtained by Computerized tomography after fluid infusion showed that this method has a trend towards occupy all intra-abdominal spaces and recesses. It showed also an appropriate clearance of abdominal fluid with progressive removal of carbon particles in suspension. Dressing integrity was not compromised through out the duration of the study. There were no leaks or blockage of the catheters during the procedure. It was noted that all the liquid infused was almost reabsorbed. Hemodynamic and biochemical parameters remained within normal limits when SDPD 1,5% was used. This homeostasis was not achieved with SS 0,9%. Conclusion: This model of continuous peritoneal lavage is technically feasible, maintain physiological parameters within the normal range when SDPD 1.5% is used
526

[en] EFFECTS OF A BENZODIAZEPINE MIDAZOLAM IN THE ELEVATED PLUS MAZE STRAINS OF RATS WITH HIGH AND LOW LEVELS OF ANXIETY / [pt] EFEITOS DO BENZODIAZEPÍNICO MIDAZOLAM NO LABIRINTO EM CRUZ ELEVADO EM LINHAGENS DE RATOS COM TRAÇOS ALTOS OU BAIXOS DE ANSIEDADE

DANIELE RODRIGUES CAVALIERE 29 January 2019 (has links)
[pt] Embora diversos modelos animais sejam utilizados para testar e selecionar efeitos de drogas ansiolíticas e ansiogênicas, relativamente poucos estudos têm examinado os efeitos de manipulações farmacológicas em animais geneticamente selecionados para fenótipos comportamentais mais diretamente relacionados a transtornos específicos de ansiedade em humanos. O presente estudo investigou os efeitos de um benzodiazepínico (midazolam) no labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE) em duas linhagens de ratos que vêm sendo selecionadas em nosso laboratório para traços altos (Cariocas Alto- Congelamento, CAC) ou baixos (Cariocas Baixo-Congelamento, CBC) relacionados à ansiedade. Após terem suas respostas de congelamento ao contexto registradas e comparadas, animais da vigésima quarta, vigésima quinta e vigésima sexta gerações dessas duas linhagens de ratos foram expostos ao labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE) sob os efeitos de injeções intraperitoneais (1,0 ml/kg) de veículo-salina (0,9 por cento) ou midazolam nas doses de 0,25, 0,5, 0,75 e 1,0 mg/kg. Quando injetados com salina, animais CAC e CBC apresentaram parâmetros maiores e menores de ansiedade, respectivamente, em comparação a animais-controle selecionados randomicamente. O midazolam aumentou de maneira semelhante a exploração dos braços abertos em todos os grupos, embora esse efeito ansiolítico nos animais CBC tenha ocorrido apenas na dose mais baixa da droga (0,25 mg/kg). Esses resultados indicam que os traços relacionados à ansiedade previamente selecionados para respostas altas ou baixas de congelamento ao contexto também se expressam fenotipicamente em padrões comportamentais de exploração no LCE. A utilidade dessas duas linhas de ratos para modelar transtorno de ansiedade generalizada e selecionar efeitos potencialmente ansiolíticos de novas drogas é explorada. / [en] Although several animal models are used to test and screen anxiolytic and anxiogenic-like drug effects, relatively few studies have examined the effects of pharmacological manipulations in genetically selected animals for behavioral phenotypic traits more directly related to specific anxiety disorders in humans. The present study investigated the effects of a benzodiazepine midazolam in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) in two rat lines which have been selectively bred in our laboratory for high (Cariocas High-Freezing, CHF) or low (Cariocas Low-Freezing, CLF) anxiety-like traits. After being their contextual freezing response registered and compared, animals from the 24th, 25th and 26th generations of these two rat lines were exposed to the EPM under the effects of intraperitoneal injections (1.0 ml/kg) of either vehiclesaline (0.9 per cent) or midazolam in the doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75. When injected with saline, CHF and CLF animals showed higher and lower anxiety-like parameters, respectively, as compared to control-animals randomly selected. Midazolam similarly increased open-arm exploration in all groups, although this anxiolytic-like effect in CLF animals only occurred at the lowest drug dose (0.25 mg/kg). These results indicate that the anxiety-like traits previously selected for high or low contextual freezing responses are also phenotypically expressed in behavioral patterns of exploration in the EPM. The usefulness of these two rat lines to model generalized anxiety disorder and screen new putative anxiolytic drug effects is explored.
527

Approche multifactorielle de la dégénérescence parkinsonienne / Modelling multi-factorial neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease

Bourdenx, Mathieu 11 December 2015 (has links)
Mon projet de thèse a porté sur les mécanismes neurodégénératifs dans le contexte de la maladie de Parkinson (MP). Cette maladie est caractérisée notamment par la présence d’inclusions intracytoplasmiques appelées corps de Lewy, dont le composant protéique principal est l’α-synucléine. L’absence de traitements curatifs à ce jour renforce la nécessité de comprendre les processus neurodégénératifs. L’objectif de mon travail de thèse fut de proposer une approche multifactorielle, translationnelle, basée sur trois axes complémentaires: modélisation, thérapeutique et mécanistique. Premièrement, nous nous sommes intéressés à la modélisation de la MP par l’utilisation de vecteurs viraux. Cette première partie nous a permis de conclure que le vieillissement ne constitue pas un facteur de risque pour les trois espèces étudiées. Ensuite, nous avons étudié deux stratégies pour combattre la dysfonction lysosomale existant chez les patients, premièrement par une approche biotechnologique avec des nanoparticules permettant de restaurer le pH des lysosomes dysfonctionnels, et une stratégie de thérapie génique par surexpression d’un régulateur de la biogénèse lysosomale. Grâce à ce travail, nous avons démontré l’intérêt du lysosome comme cible thérapeutique. Enfin, nous nous sommes focalisés sur l’hypothèse « prion » pour les synucléinopathies. Dans ce projet, nous avons mis en œuvre une approche de modélisation chez le primate non-humain ainsi qu’une une approche thérapeutique anti-agrégative chez le rongeur. Ces travaux mettent en évidence le rôle clé de l’α-synucléine dans l’étiologie de la MP et proposent des pistes d’améliorations des modèles animaux actuels ainsi que des approches thérapeutiques innovantes / The aim of this work was to focus on neurodegenerative mechanisms in the context of synucleinopathies, especially on Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the presence of intracytoplasmic proteinaceous inclusions named Lewy Bodies of which α-synuclein (α-syn) is the main protein component. To date, there are no curative treatments. Elucidating mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in PD will allow the identification of new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. My Ph.D. work intends multifactorial and translational approaches based on modelling, therapeutic intervention and mechanistic studies. We first focused on the development of new animal models of PD based on the use of viral vector-mediated overexpression of α-syn. This word allowed us to conclude on the absence of additive effect of ageing in α-syn-related toxicity, at least in the three investigated species. Then, we worked on two therapeutic strategies to overcome the lysosomal dysfunction occurring in PD. To do so, we first developed a biotechnological approach based on the use of acidic nanoparticles restoring acidic pH of sick lysosomes, and then we used a gene therapy approach based on the overexpression on a central modulator lysosomal biogenesis. We here demonstrated the interest of restoration of lysosomal physiology. Finally, we tested the “prion-like” hypothesis in a cohort of nonhuman primates and assessed the efficacy of a therapeutic approach using an oligomer modulator in mice. This work highlights the central role of α-syn in PD etiology and offers innovative strategies for both modelling and therapeutic intervention.
528

DEVELOPMENT AND PRECLINICAL EVALUATION OF LONG-LASTING COCAINE HYDROLASES FOR COCAINE OVERDOSE AND COCAINE USE DISORDER TREATMENT

Zhang, Ting 01 January 2018 (has links)
Cocaine is a plant-based illicit drug commonly involved in substance use disorder. Although cocaine overdose and cocaine use disorders cause adverse health consequences to individuals and the economic burden on their family and society, there are no FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approved medications for treatment. Recently, it has been recognized that delivery of cocaine hydrolase (CocH) is a promising therapeutic strategy. Human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE), the primary enzyme involved in cocaine metabolism in human, have advantages over other candidates for the development of CocH. Previous studies in our laboratory have designed and characterized hBChE mutants that have ~4,000-fold improved catalytic efficiency against naturally occurring (-)-cocaine as compared to the wild-type hBChE. Besides the catalytic efficiency, the biological half-life is another essential factor that influences the desired therapeutic value in the long-term treatment of cocaine use disorder. In order to provide prolonged effects to reduce administration frequency in clinical use, efforts have been made to increase the retention time of CocHs in blood circulation by fusing CocHs with other thermostable proteins or their mutants, including human serum albumin (Albu) or the Fc region of the human IgG (Fc). In this dissertation, we demonstrated the clinical potential and the benefits of long-lasting CocHs for cocaine overdose treatment. We used rodent models to show the ability of AlbuCocH1 to block or reverse manifestations of toxic effects of cocaine. In addition, a concomitant LC-MS/MS-based analysis was conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of a lethal dose of cocaine with the presence of AlbuCocH1. These experimental data demonstrated AlbuCocH1 as an effective cocaine detoxification agent by accelerating the metabolism of cocaine. In order to examine the potential therapeutic value of Fc-fused CocHs in the treatment of cocaine use disorder, we conducted a series of behavioral experiments in rats to evaluate the effectiveness and duration of Fc-fused CocHs in blocking or attenuating cocaine-induced psychostimulant and discriminative stimulus effects. In addition, the intravenous self-administration model was used to investigate the long-term effectiveness of Fc-fused CocHs in blocking or attenuating the reinforcing effects of cocaine. It has been shown that a single dose of E30-6-Fc (3 mg/kg) was able to effectively alter the cocaine dose-response curve and attenuate the reinforcing efficacy of cocaine for at least a month in both male and female rats. In summary, AlbuCocH1 (TV-1380), which failed to meet the primary efficacy endpoint in clinical trials for facilitating abstinence in cocaine-dependent subjects with a weekly dosing schedule (due to the short biological half-life), is more suitable to be developed as a cocaine detoxification agent. On the contrary, the newly designed Fc-fused CocH (e.g. CocH3-Fc, E30-6-Fc) with higher catalytic efficiency and longer biological half-life will be beneficial for long-term abstinence management in cocaine-dependent individuals.
529

NOVEL APPROACHES TO MODELING AND TREATMENT OF COGNITIVE DEFICITS IN NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASES

El-Kordi, Ahmed 08 October 2010 (has links)
No description available.
530

Structural alterations in the hippocampus and spatial behavior by stress in male and female rats : protections, and recovery in water-based and dry-land tasks

Faraji, Jamshid, University of Lethbridge. Faculty of Arts and Science January 2008 (has links)
Stress-related cognitive changes are still a matter of debate. In some particular neuropathological conditions such as focal ischemia, cognitive functions have been shown to be significantly impaired. These conditions, however, may be improved by some factors such as steroid hormones. The purpose of the current thesis was to assess the structural and functional effects of corticosterone-related experiences on the hippocampus before and after endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced stroke. We found corticosterone-related experiences enhance the hippocampal recovery, and improve its function in both wet and dryland tasks after ET-1-induced focal stroke. Structural and functional effects of such experiences prior to the focal ischemia in the hippocampus, however, showed that stress, not corticosterone is a strong inhibitor for hippocampal recovery. / xii, 252 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm. --

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