All residents have an equal obligation to sort their waste correctly. Despite the fact that there are regulations regarding, for example, packaging, newspapers, etc. they end up in combustible waste anyway. Why is that so? This thesis will focus on how to design a sorting area in an efficient, informative and accessible way to make it easier for users to sort correctly. Based on methods and collected empirical data, a comprehensive picture was created of what problems exist and what solutions need to be addressed. With the help of studies and theories, a design proposal was created on how to facilitate the sorting area for users to sort correctly. / Alla invånare har lika mycket skyldighet att sortera sitt avfall rätt. Trots att det finns en lag på exempelvis förpackningar, tidningar etc. så hamnar dessa ändå i brännbart avfall. Varför är det så? Examensarbetet kommer att handla om hur man kan utforma avfallsutrymme på ett effektivt, informativt och lättillgängligt sätt för att underlätta för användarna att sortera rätt. Utifrån metoder och insamlad empiri skapades en helhetsbild om vilka problem som finns och vilka lösningar som behöver åtgärdas. Med hjälp av studier och teorier skapades ett gestaltningsförslag på hur man kan underlätta sorteringsytan för användarna att sortera rätt

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Using a bicycle helmet markedly reduces the risk of head injuries. The most recent systematic review and meta-analysis has documented that the use of bicycle helmet reduces the risk of serious head injuries by 60 % [1]. Given the large safety-gains from wearing a helmet while cycling, it is highly relevant to promote the uptake of bicycle helmets while also measuring how the prevalence of bicycle helmet use evolves over time across different groups. In Denmark, bicycle helmet use has been promoted in several nationwide campaigns targeting both the general cyclist population and cycling school children. Since 2004, the use of bicycle helmets among cyclist in Denmark has also been measured observationally in two different nationwide time series. One time series (termed 'city traffic'') consists of observations of cyclist across all age groups in city traffic. The other nationwide time series (named 'school traffic'') consists of observations in front of schools, and only includes observations of cycling children. This paper presents the results of these two observational time series, while also cautiously linking the increase in bicycle helmet use to campaigns that have promoted the uptake of bicycle helmets. This paper is structured as follows. First, the methods of the observational bicycle helmet studies are presented. Second, the results of the bicycle helmet observational time series are presented. Third, the discussion section assesses potential explanations for the increased bicycle helmet use in Denmark. The paper concludes that the use of bicycle helmets has increased markedly in Denmark. In 2004, approximately 6 % of the observed cyclists in city traffic used bicycle helmets. This number increased to 28 % in 2014 and to 48 % in 2021. In school traffic, helmet use among cycling school children increased from 33 % in 2004 to 60 % in 2014 and to 80 % in 2021. [From Introduction]

Syftet med studien är att studera deltagarnas uppfattade beteendeförändringar som medverkande i medborgarforskningsprojektet Växtkalendern. Ett vidare syfte med studien är att studera hur medborgarforskningsprojektet Växtkalendern kan påverka klyftan mellan medvetenhet och handlingskraft hos deltagarna i frågor rörande klimatförändringen, så kallat action gap. Studien har sin utgångspunkt ur en abduktiv ansats, där det empiriska materialet påverkar litteraturen och omvänt. Relevant empiri har samlats in genom en enkätundersökning. Undersökningen har skickats ut till alla deltagare i forskningsprojektet Växtkalendern, dessutom har intervjuer och samtal med specialister inom området medborgarforskning genomförts. Resultatet visar att medborgarforskningsprojektet Växtkalendern har potential att påverka deltagarna. Ur enkäten framkommer det att deltagarna anser att möjligheten att hjälpa forskningen är den klart viktigaste anledningen till deltagande. Med hjälp av de teoretiska utgångspunkterna och det empiriska materialet analyserades medborgarforskningsprojektets möjlighet att förändra beteenden hos deltagarna i frågor gällande klimatförändringen. Studien visar att klyftan mellan medvetenhet och handlingskraft kan minskas med hjälp av medborgarforskning då deltagarna upplever en ökad medvetenhet och ett förändrat beteende i och med deltagandet i projektet. / The purpose of the study is to study the behavioral changes in participants in the citizen science project "Växtkalendern". The purpose is also to study how the citizen science project "Växtkalendern" can influence the gap between awareness and action in terms of climate change issues, so-called action gap, among the participants. The study is conducted based on an abductive approach, where the empiric material influences the literature study and vice-versa. The relevant empirical was collected through a survey sent out to all the participants in the project "Växtkalendern". In addition, interviews and discussions with specialists in the field of citizen science research have been conducted. The results shows that the citizen science project "Växtkalendern" has potential to influence participants. The survey revealed that the participants felt that the opportunity to assist research was clearly the most important reason for participation. Using the theoretical standing points and the empirical material, the citizen science project ability to create behavioral changes in the participants in terms of climate change issues was analyzed. The study shows that the gap between awareness and action can be reduced with the help of citizen science as participants experienced increased awareness and a changing behavior through participation in the project "Växtkalendern".

The purpose of the study was to determine if one company-sponsored EAP and health program influences some behaviors and lifestyle choices of employees when off the job. This study compared the perceptions of employees and management regarding what is within the “legitimate” (job-related) EAP scope. During the past four decades the Employee Assistance Program (EAP) has increased in number and scope such that an estimated 50 percent of working Americans currently have access to an EAP. Designed originally to treat alcoholic workers, they now address other behavioral health problems such as drugs, family, emotional, financial and legal difficulties. In concert with EAPs, other initiatives have proliferated at the work site including health and wellness programs and drug testing policies. These convergent forces have served to create a blurring of the distinction between personal prerogatives regarding health and the work domain. What was once the province of the community—health care—has now shifted to the employer. This trend places EAP mental health practitioners, in particular, in the dual relationship of serving both client and company. Other issues which come to light include privacy, confidentiality, personal responsibility, paternalism, and de facto reinforcement of company-imposed values on the individual regarding lifestyle, fitness and even family life. The employees of a public utility in central California were surveyed. The entire population of 2,030 received the questionnaire; 575 people responded (28.3%). The findings were that all dimensions of EAP services were perceived to be job-related by a majority of the respondents. No more than 40 percent of the respondents felt that any single service was not job-related. That maximum was regarding smoking cessation. Although behavior had changed on some of the individuals as a result of EAP participation, the accompanying findings that those services were job-related nullified the distinction between behaviors at work and behaviors off the job. This raises the question of why employees think that EAP services are job-related. That and other aspects of EAP use patterns are discussed.

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Introduktion: Låg energitillgänglighet (LEA) är ett förekommande problem hos elitsatsandeungdomar inom uthållighetsidrotter. Det är ett resultat av att individens energiintag är lägreän individens energiförbrukning. Följderna av LEA är bland annat nedsatt prestation, skador,hormonell påverkan och ökade risker för psykiska följdsjukdomar. Förebyggande insatseranses viktiga för att motverka LEA, och där tränare har en viktig roll i arbetet.Syftet: Studiens syfte är att undersöka vilka kunskaper tränare för ungdomar inomuthållighetsidrotter har om LEA och vilka kunskaper tränare har om konsekvenser relateradetill LEA. Metod: Enkätundersökning. Enkäten skickades ut till tränare inom elitsatsande verksamhetersom arbetar med ungdomar 15–24 år inom uthållighetsidrotter. 53 tränare inkluderades istudien. Analysmetoden som studien utgått ifrån är tematisk analys. Resultatet: Tränarna själva skattade sina kunskaper om LEA som goda eller mycket goda.92,5% av tränarna uppgav att de var medvetna om tecken på LEA och kunde redogöra förtecken som överensstämmer med litteratur. Tränarna kunde även ange negativa konsekvenserav LEA som rör idrottarens fysiologi, psykologi och prestation. 90,6% av tränarnarapporterade att de arbetar förebyggande för att motverka LEA. Tränarna angav flera olikaarbetsmetoder, vilket lyfts som positivt utifrån tidigare forskning. Konklusion: Studien visar att tränare känner till tecken i teorin men har svårt att omsätta deti praktiska arbetet. Tränarna uppgav en högre svarsfrekvens av fysiologiska konsekvenser pålång sikt och en lägre svarsfrekvens av vilka långvariga konsekvenser LEA har förprestationen. Inom det förebyggande arbetet bestod det mest frekventa arbetet av utbildning,samtal med aktiva och påminnelser om energibehov. Framtida forskning bör undersöka hurde aktiva upplever det förebyggande arbetet och undersöka skillnader i det förebyggandearbetet mellan idrotter där prevalensen av LEA är hög.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:29:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sueli Aparecida Milare.pdf: 609056 bytes, checksum: 760416320e827018362a4558a8be2d18 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-13 / The professional profile currently expected from executives in business organizations is not the same of many years ago. Executive coaching is being used by organizations as a tool to help their executives to adapt more efficaciously to the new challenges imposed by globalization. The executive coaching program is based on the evaluation of the individual s performance and his or her difficult to deal with the organizations demands, to help the executives to deal with the development of new competences in reaching the organizational goals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a program of executive coaching. The sample was constituted by ten executives, from different companies located in the metropolitan area of Campinas, whose directors spontaneously looked for the coaching program for their employees; the researcher in her private professional practice developed this coaching program. Evaluations were accomplished at the beginning and at end of the processes and changes were clinically evaluated. The following instruments were employed: EDAO - Operational Scale for Diagnosis of Adaptation, designed to be a measure of the adaptive efficacy; EEM Stage of Change Scale, measures the level of readiness for change: PPA - Personal Profile Analysis, designed to evaluate the individual s predominant or characteristic behavior and AAD Performance Self-Analysis designed to identify the efforts accomplished by the executive concerning the feedback he or she has received from his or her partners and/or chiefs. The last two instruments are usually employed in the researcher's professional practice. Results suggested that the coaching program is efficient in promoting the individual s development as well as new personal competences to reach the organizational goals. It was observed that some profiles added to the management conditions that the executive is submitted in his/her work environment, they can generate inappropriate performance. The study limits are the restricted sample and the researcher herself had accomplished the meetings. New studies can include the executive's follow up after the program, to verify his/her stability and the consolidation of the new developed behaviors. / O perfil profissional que se espera das pessoas no trabalho hoje n?o ? o mesmo que se esperava h? alguns anos atr?s. O coaching de executivos est? sendo usado pelas organiza??es como uma ferramenta para ajudar seus executivos a adaptarem-se mais eficazmente aos desafios impostos pela globaliza??o. O coaching utiliza-se das informa??es obtidas sobre o desempenho e a problem?tica do indiv?duo para, posteriormente, ajud?-lo no desenvolvimento de novas compet?ncias para atingir as metas organizacionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar a efici?ncia de um programa de coaching de executivos para profissionais com n?vel de comando em organiza??es. A amostra ficou constitu?da por dez executivos, de diversas empresas da regi?o metropolitana de Campinas, sendo que seus superiores espontaneamente buscaram o programa desenvolvido pela pesquisadora em sua pr?tica profissional privada. Foram realizadas avalia??es no in?cio e ao final dos processos e as diferen?as clinicamente analisadas. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: EDAO Escala Diagn?stica Adaptativa Operacionalizada, que fornece uma medida da efic?cia adaptativa; a EEM Escala de Est?gios de Mudan?a, para medir o n?vel de prontid?o para mudan?a: o PPA Personal Profile Analysis, para levantamento da tend?ncia comportamental e AAD Auto-An?lise do Desempenho, para identificar o esfor?o realizado em dire??o aos feedbacks recebidos e da clareza que o executivo possui de poss?veis d?ficits em seu desempenho. Os dois ?ltimos instrumentos s?o usualmente empregados na pr?tica profissional da pesquisadora. Os resultados demonstram que o programa de coaching ? eficiente, permitindo a promo??o e o desenvolvimento de novas compet?ncias pessoais que possibilitam aos executivos atingir suas metas organizacionais. Observou-se que certos perfis adicionados ?s condi??es de gerenciamento a que o executivo est? submetido em seu ambiente de trabalho, poder?o gerar desempenho inadequado. O estudo apresenta limites como o fato da amostra ser restrita e os atendimentos terem sido realizados pela pr?pria pesquisadora. Novos estudos poder?o incluir o acompanhamento do executivo ap?s o programa, para verificar sua estabilidade e a consolida??o dos novos comportamentos desenvolvidos.

Abstract Chronic conditions are the leading cause of death in the world. Major improvements in acute care and diagnostics have created a tendency towards the chronification of formerly terminal conditions, requiring people with these conditions to learn how to self-manage. Mobile technologies hold promise as self-management tools due to their ubiquity and cost-effectiveness. The delivery of health-related services through the use of mobile technologies (mHealth) has grown exponentially in recent years. However, only a fraction of these solutions takes into consideration the views of relevant stakeholders like healthcare professionals or even patients. The use of behavioral change models (BCM) has proven important in developing successful health solutions, yet engaging patients remains a challenge. There is a trend in mHealth solutions called gamification that attempts to use game elements to drive user behavior and increase engagement. As it stands, designers of mHealth solutions for behavioral change in chronic conditions have no clear way of deciding what factors are relevant to consider. This doctoral thesis is framed in Consumer Health Informatics within the field of Medical Informatics and Information Systems. The focus of this work was to discover factors for the design of mHealth solutions for chronic patients; to do so, negotiations between medical knowledge, BCM and gamification were explored through an embedded case study research methodology. The data obtained was thematically analyzed to create the Model for Motivational Mobile-health Design for Chronic conditions (3MD). The 3MD model guides the design of condition-oriented gamified behavioral change mHealth solutions. The main components are: 1) Condition specific, which describe factors that need to be adjusted and adapted for each particular chronic condition; 2) Motivation related, which are factors that address how to influence behaviors in an engaging manner; and 3) Technology based, which are factors that are directly connected to the technical capabilities of mobile technologies. 3MD also provides a series of high level illustrative design questions for designers to use and consider during the design process. The work on this thesis addresses a recognized gap in research and practice, and proposes a unique model that could be of use in the generation of new solutions to help chronic patients. / Tiivistelmä Krooniset sairaudet ovat maailman yleisin kuolinsyy. Akuutissa hoidossa ja diagnostiikassa on tapahtunut merkittäviä parannuksia, ja aikaisemmin kuolemaan johtaneista sairauksista on tullut kroonisia ja ihmisten on opittava hallitsemaan niitä itse. Mobiiliteknologiat tarjoavat mahdollisuuksia sairauksien itsehallintaan, koska teknologiaa on yleisesti saatavilla ja se on kustannustehokasta. Terveyspalvelujen tarjoaminen mobiiliteknologian avulla on lisääntynyt huomattavasti viime vuosina. Kuitenkin vain murto-osa näistä ratkaisuista ottaa huomioon sidosryhmien, kuten terveydenhuollon ammattilaisten ja jopa potilaiden, näkemykset. Käyttäytymismuutosmallit ovat osoittautuneet tärkeiksi kehitettäessä onnistuneita terveysratkaisuja, mutta potilaiden osallistaminen kehittämiseen on yhä vaikeaa. Pelillistäminen on mobiilien terveysratkaisujen suunnittelutrendi, ja pelielementeillä pyritään vaikuttamaan ihmisten käyttäytymiseen ja sitoutumiseen. Mobiilien terveyssovellusten suunnittelijoilla ei ole selkeää näkemystä siitä, mitkä sovellustekijät vaikuttavat merkittävimmin kroonisissa sairauksissa sairastavien potilaiden käyttäytymisen muutokseen. Tämä väitöskirja tarkastelee kuluttajille suunnattua terveysteknologiaa, joka hyödyntää lääketieteellistä informatiikkaa ja tietojärjestelmätieteitä. Työn tavoitteena oli selvittää kroonisia sairauksia sairastaville potilaille tarkoitettujen mobiilien terveyssovellusten suunnitteluun liittyviä tekijöitä. Tämän vuoksi lääketieteen tietämyksen, käyttäytymismuutoksien mallien ja pelillistämisen yhdistämistä tutkittiin sulautetun tapaustutkimuksen avulla. Saatuja tietoja temaattisesti analysoimalla luotiin kroonisia sairauksia varten motivoivan mobiilin terveyssovelluksen suunnittelumalli (3MD = Model for Motivational Mobile-health Design). 3MD-malli ohjaa sairauksien hallintaan tarkoitettujen pelillistettyjen ja käyttäytymismuutoksiin tähtäävien mobiilien terveyssovellusten suunnittelua. Mallin pääkomponentit ovat: 1) Sairautta kuvaavat tekijät, jotka kuvaavat tekijöitä, jotka on mukautettava ja sovitettava kullekin krooniselle sairaudelle. 2) Motivaatioon liittyvät tekijät, jotka vaikuttavat innostavasti käyttäytymiseen. 3) Teknologiaan perustuvat tekijät, jotka liittyvät suoraan mobiiliteknologian teknisiin ominaisuuksiin. 3MD tarjoaa myös havainnollisia suunnittelukysymyksiä, joita suunnittelijat voivat käyttää ja pohtia suunnitteluprosessin aikana. Tämä väitöskirja käsittelee yleisesti tunnistettua puutetta tutkimuksessa ja suunnittelukäytännössä ja esittelee ainutlaatuisen mallin, josta voi olla hyötyä uusien ratkaisujen luomisessa ja kroonisia sairauksia sairastavien potilaiden auttamisessa.