The topic of my master’s thesis was to create an architectural study of Central European Forum in Olomouc. The Forum will be housed in refurbished premises of the Museum of Modern Art on Denisova Street and a new building erected on the neighbouring vacant lot, which was created when five historical burgher houses were demolished in 1969.The forum will be focused on collecting, exhibiting and publishing activities regarding various representations of Central European art, with special attention paid to modern and contemporary art. ‘Forum’ is much wider term than, for instance, ‘museum’ or ‘gallery’ – apart from its essential activities, various discussions, lectures, symposiums, and other events will also be organised. Proposed area is located in the heart of Olomouc city, directly in its conservation area and therefore it was crucial to take into consideration the existing historical development in neighbourhood. Main volume of the proposed building connects with building of the existing museum. Gradation of the other volumes based on the sloped terrain configuration lead to a sensitive completion of the vacant gap site and the existing historical surroundings remained preserved. construction of the new building of Central European Forum came to creation of new exhibition and assembly spaces, depositories, studios as well as technical facilities, changing rooms and sanitary facilities for museum crew.

Les recherches portant sur les fora provinciaux effectuées au cours des dernières décennies ont permis de redéfinir un certain nombre de leurs caractéristiques. L’étude du décor de ces centres civiques dans sa globalité constitue alors une approche susceptible d’apporter une meilleure compréhension de ces espaces. Cette première approche du sujet a pour objectif d’aborder la question du dialogue entre les images présentes sur le forum et leurs contextes. Le décor figuratif permet de définir les principales thématiques, qui sont souvent complétées par des décors non figuratifs, et qui participent à la diffusion de l’idéologie impériale. Ce décor doit ensuite être contextualisé, afin d’en comprendre la conception, et d’aborder la question de sa réception par le spectateur. / Over the last few decades, studies on provincial fora defined some of their characteristics. A global approach of their decor can bring about a better understanding of these spaces. The link between the images and their contexts will be examined. The study of the images will be associated with the study of non iconographical elements of the decor in order to define the main themes represented on the fora. The definition of several contexts will help to understand how the decor was conceived and seen at the time.

An update of Swahili bibliography and listing of articles of former issues of the Swahili Forum.

Once more we can offer our readers some further titles of the Swahili- related research literature, some brand new in publication, others already out since years, yet still not yet put on record for the wider world of Swahilists. Our call for bibliographical references was hardly responded to by the readers of Swahili Forum VII and other possible contributors except for one scholar who much prefers to be `in consultation with` a certain other scholar. Therefore we once more would like to draw your attention to communicate your articles, books and other resources on Swahili studies to us so that the bibliographical section of the next Swahili Forum will be a treasure house again. Atiya koko wangue koma (Tiuow a fruit stone into the tree and you may bring down a doum-fruit). For the present issue we present all the titles which we happened to come across during one year of observation.

The editors ofSwahili Forum have decided to revive the former bibliographical service with issueing a first follow-up list within the present No. VII of Swahili Forum. The following titles do certainly not cover all the Swahili-related writings of the years since 1993, but could be seen as a new starter, which might create appetite to continue with a bibliographical section. Eventually this could be completed for the past seven years within the forthcoming issues. The following bibliography contains titles which were rather randomly collected by the present editors. The articles which appeared in Swahili Forum I/1994 - VI/1999 are excluded from this list but await documentation in an extra-list, which is forthcoming in one of the next numbers of Swahlli Forum.

Dans de nombreux pays européens, l’institution judiciaire a connu de profondes transformations ces vingt dernières années - notamment, sous l’impulsion d’une logique gestionnaire, qui se caractérise par l’attention aux enjeux d’efficacité, d’efficience et de coûts, au-delà des préoccupations en termes de qualité. La recherche vise à analyser les diverses institutions européennes impliquées dans ce processus de circulation d’une approche managériale dans les systèmes judiciaires nationaux, ainsi qu’à étudier les dynamiques de circulation d’acteurs, d’instruments d’action publique et d’injonctions au changement entre les différents échelons. Pour ce faire, une analyse prosopographique relative aux ressources, carrières, moyens d’action, stratégies et réseaux des divers entrepreneurs de changement au niveau européen sera développée, à partir d’entretiens semi-directifs et de questionnaires. L’analyse des contributions de la Commission Européenne, de plusieurs comités du Conseil de l’Europe et d’autres réseaux d’acteurs judiciaires travaillant sur thématiques d’organisation, qualité et efficacité de la justice, ainsi que de leur construction et développement, intégreront l’analyse de cette espace européen d’élaboration de politiques publiques en matière judiciaire et de ces effets sur les processus de réforme nationaux et locaux en cours ou récemment aboutis en plusieurs pays de l’Europe occidentale. / In many European countries, justice has widely changed in the last twenty years under the influence of a managerial rationality, focusing on efficiency and costs, besides the interest over quality. The research analyses the different European institutions implied in the process of circulation of a managerial approach in national justice systems. It shows the dynamics of change through the circulation of actors, practices, and policy tools between the various levels of policy-making. The origins of the managerial tools applied to justice in the United States is related to its adaptation to the European context by an array of European and national actors involving justice professionals, policy officers, researchers and consultants. The analysis focuses on multiple committees of experts of the Council of Europe specialised on issues related to the organisation of courts. It shows how their work has been appropriated and used by the European Commission to pressure EU Member States over judicial reform pursuing higher efficiency and quality of service for the citizens and businesses. Two case studies on France and Italy depict the mechanisms behind policy change at the national and local level showing the conditions that favour or limit the circulation of managerial practices and tools. The analysis relies on data coming from semi-direct interviews and a prosopographic survey of the European experts, semi-direct interviews with local justice professionals and from an extensive use of documents from the European, national and local institutions involved in judicial policy-making.

The aim of this study is to present how English borrowings (loanwords and phrases) are integrated into Swedish grammar and spelling rules. The hypothesis is that borrowings appearing in the unchanged form in Swedish occur much more frequently in internet forums than in press. The study is based on the analysis of a material consisting of around 70 English borrowings found in different entries from one of the largest Swedish online discussion forums, flashback.org. The whole corpus comprises of 661 randomly selected entries. Each of the 70 borrowings appears in every possible spelling variant and grammatical form. The statistics presenting the number of occurrences of a given borrowing come from 38 corpora available at Språkbanken. The material collected from online forums and from the newspapers and magazines, make it possible to compare the quantity of borrowings in these two types of media.  The study consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The former introduces the topic of borrowings while the latter is devoted to the analysis of the specific examples contained in the material.    The theoretical part begins with the presentation of the most popular classifications of borrowings appearing in the linguistic literature. Subsequently, there is a description of the three processes that each borrowed word must undergo before it appears in the recipient's language: the introduction, distribution, and establishment. At last is presented the way in which the grammatical type and the meaning of borrowings change when they enter the recipient's language.    The practical part focuses on the analysis of the examples. The borrowings are divided in nouns, adjectives, verbs and borrowed phrases. The study consists in a thorough investigation of all of the spelling variants and grammatical forms of individual words as well as in an observation of the number/frequency of their occurrence in both media. The study confirmed the hypothesis set out in the beginning, namely, that English borrowings that appear in Swedish in an unchanged form more frequently occur in the online discussion forums than in the press. It is also observed that nouns are the most numerous English borrowings encountered in Swedish, internet forums contain borrowings with a greater number of grammatical forms and spelling variants than the press and the phenomenon of borrowing complete English phrases occurs more often on the online forums than in the press.

Syftet med studien är att kritiskt undersöka diskurserna kring sugardating och de diskursiva framställningarna av sugardaters på Flashback Forum, utifrån diskursernas återspegling av ojämlika genus- och maktförhållanden. Studien utforskar även den tvetydiga kopplingen mellan sugardating och prostitution på onlineforumet. Denna kvalitativa studie har sitt avstamp i en feministisk kritisk diskursanalys som har varit studiens teoretiska och metodologiska ramverk. Resultatet av studien visar att sugardating huvudsakligen framställs som ett ömsesidigt arrangemang som baseras på jämlika och fria villkor. Dock begränsas detta när sugarbabies underförstått förväntas gå med på sex. En feministisk analys inspirerad av radikalfeministisk teoribildning samt begreppet postfeminism ger dessutom kopplingen mellan sugardating och prostitution en dubbel tvetydighet. Slutligen diskuterar studien hur de positiva framställningarna av sugardating kan påverka nyfikna personer till ett eventuellt inträde. / The purpose of this study is to critically examine the discourses of sugardating and the discursive representations of sugardaters on Flashback Forum, based on how they reflect unequal gender- and power relations. The study also explores the ambiguous connection between sugardating and prostitution on the online forum. This qualitative study is based on a feminist critical discourse analysis as a theoretical and methodological framework. The findings show that sugardating is mainly represented as an arrangement based on equal and free terms. However, this is obscured when sugarbabies are implicitly expected to comply with sex. In addition, a feminist analysis inspired by radical feminist theory as well as the notion of postfeminism highlights how the link between sugardating and prostitution implies an ambiguity in a double sense. Finally, it is discussed how the positive representations of sugardating might affect curious readers to consider entering sugardating.

Selon une présentation classique, la compétence juridictionnelle n’aurait en droit international privé pour objet que de déterminer les hypothèses dans lesquelles l’Etat accepterait de mettre ses juridictions à disposition des justiciables. Cette présentation achoppe cependant sur deux évolutions du droit positif. D’une part, la réglementation de la compétence est en bonne partie internationalisée, et ne suis plus ce modèle. D’autre part, elle occulte le fort développement des juridictions non étatiques instituées pour le contentieux de droit privé et économique dont l’intervention est souvent articulée avec celle des juridictions étatiques comme la compétence le fait en droit interne.Ce double handicap descriptif s’explique par la place que l’Etat conserve au coeur de la théorie classique, une place héritée des théories publicistes du début du XXe siècle. Or, ni l’évolution de la théorie générale du droit international privé, ni surtout le droit positif ne justifie plus cette place centrale de l’Etat. Il faut donc revoir la théorie de la compétence internationale à l’aune du problème presque factuel auquel elle répond, la concurrence internationale des juridictions, et ainsi réintégrer en son sein les règles qui participent de sa résolution en organisant cette concurrence. La théorie renouvellée permet alors d’observer plus complètement l’organisation de la justice internationale de droit économique. Elle autorise en outre des propositions pour un régime plus efficace ou plus souple de la compétence internationale selon que cette concurrence internationale est ordonnée par une règlementation uniforme ou qu’il s’agit seulement de coopérer. / French private international law doctrine classicaly defines judicial jurisdiction as the branch of law that deals with describing the hypothesis under which the State makes its courts available to claimants in international matters. This presentation, though, faces two contradicting evolutions in modern-day litigation of international business matters. First, it does give no account of the increasing internationalization of this branch of law, where numerous international conventions and European regulations now regulates judicial jurisdiction between judges of different countries as they would with venue between judges of the same State. Second, this presentation ignores the development of international courts and arbitral tribunals even though these tribunals compete with or replace national courts in international business disputes.The reason for this double exclusion may actually be found in an analytical bias inherited from a century-old description of private international law as a conflict of State regulations, a bias that neither modern theory nor law itself confirms in any way. More simply described according to the problem it resolves, judicial jurisdiction may be defined as the branch of law that deals with organizing the international competition of judges. Under this functional definition, it is possible to broaden its scope and to describe the organization of international justice for business matters, both public and private, both State and International. Also, then encompassing rules of procedure, it becomes possible to offer new solutions to take into account foreign jurisdiction for a better international cooperation.

Les répercussions de la crise économique et politique que le Liban connait aujourd’hui ne se sont pas limitées à ses frontières. Un nombre très important d’individus résidants à l’extérieur de ce pays ont été touchés directement depuis le début de la crise. En effet, depuis octobre 2019, toute personne détenant des dépôts auprès des banques commerciales libanaises se voit refuser l’accès à ces fonds, surtout pour les transferts internationaux. Ces mesures mises en place par les banques commerciales représentent, en l'absence de législation appropriée, un contrôle des capitaux de facto dépourvu de toute légalité aux yeux du droit libanais. Compte tenu de la corruption qui ravage les institutions étatiques et des interférences politiques dans l’appareil judiciaire libanais, un recours depuis le Liban s’avère impossible aujourd’hui pour les déposants étrangers. Ces derniers recherchent désespérément un forum compétent afin d’exercer leurs droits dans l’espoir de récupérer un jour leurs économies investies dans les banques libanaises. De ces déposants, un nombre important réside au Québec. Ce groupe de personnes a subi un préjudice commun susceptible d’engendrer des litiges similaires. Ainsi se pose la question traitée par ce mémoire. En ce qui concerne les déposants québécois, et en considérant les objectifs de l’action collective québécoise, cette procédure pourrait-elle satisfaire leurs besoins d’accès à la justice? Afin de répondre à cette question, plusieurs problématiques se posent. Notamment, la compétence des tribunaux québécois de se saisir de ce litige, la satisfaction de ce dernier aux critères d’autorisation de l’action collective et les difficultés inhérentes à cette procédure dans le contexte factuel particulier. Ainsi, le lecteur comprendra, ce mémoire aura l’aspect d’une étude de cas pratique hypothétique. Toutefois, les enjeux juridiques seront traités en détail et de manière exhaustive. L’objectif principal demeure la faisabilité de ce recours selon le droit positif québécois. / The repercussions of the economic and political crisis that Lebanon is experiencing today are not limited to its borders. A very large number of individuals residing outside this country have been directly affected since the beginning of this crisis. Indeed, since October 2019, any person holding deposits in Lebanese commercial banks has been denied access to these funds, especially in the case of international transfers. These measures put in place by the commercial banks represent a de facto capital control that is, absent appropriate legislation, illegal under Lebanese law. Given the corruption that plagues state institutions and the political interference in the Lebanese judiciary, recourse from Lebanon is impossible today for foreign depositors. These account holders are desperately seeking a competent forum to exercise their rights in the hope of one day recovering their savings invested in Lebanese banks. Of these depositors, a large number resides in Quebec. This group of people have suffered a common prejudice that could lead to similar litigation. This raises the question addressed by this thesis. With respect to Quebec plaintiffs and considering the objectives of the Quebec class action, could this procedure satisfy their need for access to justice? In order to answer this question, several elements must be considered. In particular, the jurisdiction of the Quebec courts to hear this case, whether it meets the criteria for certification of a class action and the difficulties inherent to this procedure considering the peculiar factual context. Thus, the reader will understand that this thesis will have the aspect of a hypothetical practical case study. However, the legal issues will be dealt with in detail and in a comprehensive manner. The main objective remains to determine the feasibility of this recourse within the framework of Quebec's positive law.