This Diploma Thesis "Mediatization of Political Sphere" deals with the systematic influence of mass media and their logic on the functioning of the political system, process development and implementation of policy instruments and methods of political communication. First of all the theoretical part is focused on the description of the institutional importance of media in the social environment, more properly introduces images of the effects of media communications in the society, characteristics of the participation of media organizations in the economic relations so that the concept of mediatization in the frame of media studies could be defined and to specify its aspects in connection with a set of knowledge of media logic. The thesis does not omit the introduction of basic logic elements of political sphere, it also deals with its implicit settings, as well as modifications of the political structures in response to transfer a large part of the policy enforcement into the symbolic space of the media. The theoretical interpretation is followed by the research which is focused on the selected elements of mediatization in the Czech context. In the first stage the quantitative research method of content analysis is used to find out which topics and which representatives are observed by the Czech...

Introduktion: Under 2011 till året därpå var två politiker, Carl Bildt (moderat utrikesminister) och Håkan Juholt (Socialdemokraternas partiledare), utsatta för mediedrev: Etiopiensvenskar-na och bostadsaffären. Juholt var som en svamp som sög upp all kritik medan Bildt framstod som teflon i jämförelse. Hur kommer det sig att Bildt klarade sig och fick sitta kvar som mi-nister, medan Juholt avgick? Problem: Vad är det som skiljer Bildt från Juholts retorik under mediedreven 2011 enligt sta-tusläran? Hur ramar journalisterna in debatten för Bildt respektive Juholt? Teori: Med statusläran (stasis theory) kan en sakfråga analyseras retoriskt genom ett av fyra status (”ställning”): fakta, definition, kvalitet eller procedur. Exempelvis, ett dödande kan handla om huruvida det ägt rum (fakta), om det var mord eller självförsvar (definition), om det var rätt (kvalitet) samt om frågan ska avgöras i annat forum (procedur). Fakta och proce-dur är starkast försvar, definition och kvalitet svagast. Metod: Kvalitativ retorisk analys av Bildt och Juholts medieframträdanden i tv och radio, där medierna anklagar och aktörerna försvarar sig i en dialogsituation. Resultat: Bildt använder mer eller mindre uteslutande ett bevisande (fakta) och överförande status (procedur). När ny information är motstridig, hävdar han att den ska beskrivas an-norlunda (definition). Juholt använder huvudsakligen ett kvalitativt status, ofta för att bedyra sin goda karaktär, även när han kunde valt ett mer lämpligt status. Flera fall har också upp-täckts där journalisterna ställt frågor som varit inramade (presupponerad) på ett tveksamt sätt, ofta på ett kvalitativt status. Diskussion: Bildt använder starkare status vilket får till följd att skandalen inte tenderar att utvecklas i lika hög utsträckning då frågor om moral och värderingar utesluts. Juholt har valt det svagaste statuset. Slutsatsen är att man inte ska välja en försvarsstrategi och hålla fast vid den, utan anpassa försvaret varefter som ny information blir tillgänglig och anklagelsernas karaktär förändras. Slutsatsen gäller reaktiv kriskommunikation, inte nödvändigtvis proaktiv. Dessutom föreslås tre nya analyskriterier till statusläran. Studien begränsas huvudsakligen av medievalet (radio och tv) eftersom bara en del av den medierade politiken fångas, liksom ty-pen av kris (etiska normbrott). / Introduction: During 2011, two major Swedish politicians, Carl Bildt (right-wing foreign min-ister) and Håkan Juholt (leader of the Social Democrats), were set under siege during a so called ‘media hunt’: The Ethiopiaswedes and the residence affair. Juholt was like a sponge absorbing every bit of critique, whereas Bildt seemed like Teflon in comparison. How did Bildt manage to remain in power, while Juholt had to resign? Problem: What sets Bildt’s rhetoric apart from Juholt’s rhetoric during the media hunt under 2011 in relation to the stasis theory? How do the journalists frame the media discourse for Bildt and Juholt? Theory: A controversy can be analyzed rhetorically with one of four stases of the stasis theo-ry: fact, definition, quality or procedure. E.g., a killing has either occurred or not (fact), it may be defined as murder or self-defense (definition), there’s a question if it was the right thing to do (quality) and if the controversy should be judged in another forum (procedure). Fact and procedure is the strongest defense, definition and quality is the weakest. Method: Qualitative rhetorical analysis of Bildt’s and Juholt’s media appearances in TV and radio, where the media accuse and the politicians defend themselves in a dialogue situation. Results: Bildt uses more or less exclusively the stases of fact and procedure. When new in-formation is contradictory to fact, he claims that it should be described differently (stasis of definition). Juholt mostly uses a stasis of quality to assert his good moral character, even when he could’ve chosen a more appropriate stasis. A few cases where the journalists’ questions have been framed (presuppositioned) in a questionable manner have also been found, often in a qualitative stasis. Discussion: Bildt uses stronger stasis which prevents the scandal from evolving and therefore excludes questions about morals and values. Juholt uses a weaker stasis. The conclusion is that one shouldn’t select a rhetorical self-defense strategy and stick to it; rather, the defense should adapt to new information as well as changes in the type of accusation. This conclusion holds for reactive crisis communication, not necessarily proactive. Three new analytical criteria for the stasis theory are also offered. The study is primarily limited by the type of crisis (norm transgressions) and the choice of media (radio and TV) because only a part of the mediatized politics is captured.

The empirical material of this study consisted of tweets by four leading politicians in Sweden: Carl Bildt of Nya Moderaterna, Annie Lööf of Centerpartiet, Åsa Romson of Miljöpartiet and Jonas Sjöstedt of Vänsterpartiet. The aim of the study was to examine how they use Twitter as a political tool and what that says of the mediatization of politics. What content did they publish, how did the content differentiate between them and what political messages and other subjects occurred in their tweets? Does the political debate become fragmented because they’re only allowed to use 140 characters on Twitter? The theoretical framework and method applied for the research was based upon critical discourse analysis (CDA), with special interest in ideology and mediatized discourse. The result of the study showed that the content they published consisted mostly of criticism towards political opponents, rather than of independent political opinions. It also showed that the focus among the politicians was mostly on factual issues rather than on ideology. Furthermore, it showed that they use Twitter as a way of spreading information more than anything else. I argue that the political discourse that was present on Twitter among the politicians can be seen as somewhat populistic, due to the fact that they focused more on criticism towards political opponents than on independent political opinions and ideology. I argue that there are certain risks with their way of using Twitter as a political tool when political issues are brought out of their ideological context.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:30:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KleberMazziero.pdf: 2010236 bytes, checksum: 7c860fbe0dc3b73fe0bad6e94589e597 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-06 / The paper approaches the aesthetic-discursive impoverishment of massive popular song in Brazilian television media, comparing the historical-media-musical context of the 1960s and 1970s and the context of the first half of the second decade of this century. To delimit the discursive impoverishment was defined the concept of unmusicalization of television media. This work, of theoretical nature, aims to point out that the television media has a key role and important part of the responsibility for the impoverishment of discourse in the construction of Brazilian popular music. To do so, first, by analyzing poetic-aesthetic structural elements of musical and literary language of a popular song, was delimited the kind of structured musical work with poetic concern, that imparts an aesthetic standard of excellence. These songs were offered by the Television in the 60s and 70s, today no more. Afterwards, through research literature, documentary and empirical, describes analytical and interpretative way the historical period in which occurred the unmusicalization of television media. Finally, it is concluded that from the popularization of the Internet and the proliferation of various media that allow the access, storage, sharing musical repertoires and, above all, the listening on the move, the mass popular brazilian song, composed with concern poetic no more be longer present in Television and went on to appear in several other media. This broad presence of music in digital media was defined by the concept of hyper-mediatization of music, that would be a component of the unmusicalization of television media / O trabalho aborda o empobrecimento estético-discursivo da canção popular massiva exposta na mídia televisiva brasileira, na comparação entre o contexto histórico-midiático-musical das décadas de 1960 e 1970 e o contexto da primeira metade da segunda década do século XXI. Para definir tal empobrecimento discursivo encontrou-se o conceito de desmusicalização da mídia televisiva . O trabalho, de natureza teórica, tem como objetivo apontar que a mídia televisiva tem papel preponderante e parte importante da responsabilidade pelo empobrecimento na construção do discurso da música popular brasileira. Para tanto, primeiramente, por meio da análise poético-estética dos elementos estruturais das linguagens musical e literária de uma canção popular, delimitou-se a espécie de obra musical estruturada com acuro poético, que a ela empresta um padrão estético de excelência. Tais canções tinham espaços de veiculação nas grades de programação da mídia televisiva de outrora e nos dias atuais não mais os têm. Em seguida, por meio de pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e empírica, descreve-se de modo analítico-interpretativo o período histórico em que ocorreu essa desmusicalização da mídia. Por fim, constata-se que a partir da popularização da Internet e da proliferação de diversas mídias que permitem ao ouvinte o acesso, o armazenamento, o compartilhamento de repertórios musicais e, sobretudo, a audição em movimento, a canção popular massiva pautada pelo acuro poético deixou de estar presente na mídia televisiva e passou a figurar em outras diversas mídias. Essa ampla presença da Música nas mídias digitais definiu-se pelo conceito de hipermidiatização da música, que seria um dos componentes da desmusicalização da mídia televisiva.

Le e-learning, et plus particulièrement l’enseignement à distance, est ici appréhendé comme terrain d’étude pour le chercheur en sciences de l’information et de la communication (SIC). La problématique adopte une démarche pluridisciplinaire; ancrée sur les Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication, elle intègre, sous une forme systémique, des apports heuristiques des sciences de l'éducation, de l’épistémologie, des sciences cognitives et des sciences humaines. Elle questionne la pertinence du système de communication au sein des dispositifs d’enseignement et de formation à distance.Les technologies numériques de l’information et de la communication (TNIC) intégrées dans des environnements d’apprentissage ouvrent de nouveaux horizons pour l’éducation à travers le développement de l'enseignement à distance (EAD) permettant de dépasser les contraintes d’espace et de temps souvent imposées par le système éducatif traditionnel. Nous proposons d'étudier ces dispositifs en insistant sur la pertinence et l'importance de la communication dans leur performance et réussite car nous constatons, à travers une étude empirique menée sur un centre de télé-enseignement en sciences, qu’il ne suffit pas d’inscrire les apprenants sur une plateforme dédiée à l’enseignement et à la transmission de savoirs pour que ces derniers s’accrochent à leur formation, atteignent leurs objectifs et acquièrent des compétences. / Elearning has been chosen as a field study on Information and Communication Sciences (ICS). The problem takes a multidisciplinary approach: anchored on Information and Communication Sciences, it integrates, in a systemic form, heuristic contributions of educational sciences, epistemology, cognitive sciences and humanities. It questions the relevance of the communication system within distance systems of education and training.Integrating numerical technologies of information and communication in learning environments open up new horizons for education by developing distance education to overcome space and time constraints often imposed by the traditional education system. We propose to study these devices with an emphasis on the relevance and the importance of communication on their performance and success. As we see, through an empirical study on a distance education center, that it is not enough to register learners on a platform dedicated to teaching and transmitting knowledges to make them cling to their training, achieve their goals and get skills.

The process of secularization has brought significant changes to the religious landscape in Sweden. The influence of the dominant Lutheran Church has diminished, paving the way for individual belief systems such as Satanism. Secularization has made the mediatization of religion possible, which in turn has anticipated changes in the public representation of religion. Media has played a crucial part in the public representation of Satanism in Sweden, mainly during the 1990s, which created the phenomenon Satanic panic. The Satanic panic spread through media outlets which reported crimes such as church and graveyard vandalisms and connected them to satanists. The panic was in some cases based on actual incidents; however, the cases were often merely rumors. This study examines how Satanism is portrayed in daily press and Religion education textbooks for Upper Secondary school in Sweden. Further, this study analyzes the change in the portrayal in these text types from 1980 to 2020 and investigates whether the secularization process in Sweden has contributed to the potential change. The reason for including textbooks in the study is to compare them to the daily press in order to discover potential differences in their portrayal of the religious movement, which provides a pedagogical aspect as well.

Peu de recherches se sont intéressées aux questions du dévoilement d'une agression sexuelle. Employant quelques concepts de la théorie de la sociologie pragmatique, cette thèse de maîtrise fait l'étude des expériences personnelles des étudiant(e)s à l'égard du dévoilement d'une agression sexuelle. Il s'agit d'une recherche qualitative reposant sur les témoignages de onze étudiant(e)s de l'Université d'Ottawa qui ont vécu une agression sexuelle durant leurs études postsecondaires, et qui ont été amené(e)s à dévoiler leur expérience à une personne ou à un service d'aide. En analysant les résultats de recherche, il en ressort que les participant(e)s ont progressé dans leur appréhension de l'agression, tout comme dans leurs logiques de dévoilement, ainsi que dans les types de dévoilement (spontané, justifié par des motifs personnels, et justifié par des motifs altruistes) - trois notions qui sont introduites. Les résultats mettent également en lumière un aspect peu connu : les réactions qui peuvent ou non faciliter un dévoilement. Cette recherche permet d'apporter un nouveau savoir sur la dynamique des décisions qui mènent un/une étudiant(e) à dévoiler sa situation d'agression sexuelle, tout en ouvrant un large espace de nouveaux questionnements. (Abstract) There is little research focused on the disclosure of a sexual assault. Employing some concepts from the pragmatic sociology theory, this master's thesis examines the personal experiences of students with respect to the disclosure of a sexual assault. This qualitative research is based on the testimonies of eleven students from the University of Ottawa who have experienced a sexual assault during their post-secondary education, and who have been led to disclose their situation to a person or a help service. In analyzing the results of this study, it emerges that the participants have progressed in their apprehension of the assault, as well as in their logics and types of disclosure (spontaneous, justified by personal motives, and justified by altruistic motives) - three notions that are introduced. The findings also shed light on a little-known aspect: the reactions that may or may not facilitate a disclosure. This research provides new knowledge on the dynamics of the decisions that leads a student to reveal his or her situation of sexual assault, while opening up a vast space for further questions.

Les adolescentes et adolescents multiplient leurs activités sur Instagram, Snapchat, Tiktok et autres réseaux sociaux. Cette présence en ligne inquiète puisque plusieurs recherches corrèlent l’exposition aux écrans à certains impacts négatifs sur le bien-être. Ces préoccupations vis-à-vis le temps-écran mènent l’État, les entreprises et les organismes communautaires à proposer des recommandations qui visent l’autorégulation. Bien qu’intéressante, cette approche en prévention éclipse les dynamiques collectives mises en lumière par les études en sciences sociales qui rapportent la perspective des ados, suggérant que les réseaux sociaux jouent un rôle important dans le maintien de relations sociales et l’expression personnelle. Cette thèse se penche sur les façons dont les personnes adolescentes participent collectivement et au quotidien à la médiatisation de pratiques sociales dans l’écosystème des plateformes, particulièrement via les réseaux sociaux. Elle rappelle l’importance d’écouter les ados avec leur allégresse, leurs incertitudes et leurs contradictions, afin d’incorporer davantage les questions sociales lorsqu’on parle de leur utilisation des réseaux sociaux, notamment en développant des interventions qui les concernent. L’aspect social de la question de recherche est d’abord observé à travers le concept sensibilisateur de la deep mediatization, rappelant que les pratiques mises en données aujourd’hui sont le berceau des transformations sociales de demain. Avec une attention particulière à l’écosystème des plateformes, les mécanismes de datafication, commodification et sélection ainsi que les affordances permettent de faire un pont entre l’expérience rapportée par les jeunes, la formation de normes sociales, et l’architecture des réseaux sociaux. Mobilisant une méthodologie qualitative, cette démarche donne une voix à des jeunes de 14 à 17 ans de milieux différents, en documentant leur expérience des médias sociaux grâce à une analyse thématique de 19 entrevues et de 2 groupes de discussion. Les résultats de la thèse documentent les façons nuancées dont les personnes adolescentes composent avec leurs relations sociales et la panoplie de fonctionnalités pour converser, publier et scroller. Ces pratiques sociales génèrent des données qui peuvent bénéficier aux réseaux sociaux, et nous invitent à considérer l’ado non pas comme une victime des effets des plateformes, mais comme une personne occupant un rôle actif dans le façonnement de leur écosystème. Cinq normes sont identifiées pour étudier la force injonctive du collectif dans les pratiques des ados: 1) la sensibilité à autrui au moment de converser; 2) la disponibilité en tout temps pour converser; 3) la fréquence et la qualité du contenu partagé selon le type de publication; 4) se présenter authentiquement conforme et 5) scroller sur les réseaux sociaux les plus populaires. Enfin, on apprend que les ados considèrent davantage les relations sociales que les fonctionnalités lorsqu’une pratique est collectivement imbriquée, comme l’entretien d’une conversation médiatisée ou la publication. Et à l’opposé, les ados se disent plus affecté.e.s par les fonctionnalités du réseau social quand l’activité est réalisée individuellement, comme scroller. Comprendre l’agentivité de l’environnement en ligne et son processus normatif selon le caractère social d’une pratique nous informe de nouvelles manières d’intervenir auprès des ados pour une utilisation plus lucide du numérique. / Adolescents are using Instagram, Snapchat, Tiktok and other social media more than ever before. Their increased presence online is worrisome because a number of studies establish correlations between screen time and negative impacts on well-being. Concerns about the amount of time spent with screens have led governments, companies and community organizations to issue recommendations that call for self-regulation of time spent online. Despite its benefits, this approach to prevention fails to consider the collective dynamics highlighted by social science research that, drawing on adolescents’ perspectives, illustrate the important role of social media in personal expression and maintaining social relationships. This thesis examines the ways in which adolescents participate collectively and on a daily basis in the mediatization of social practices within an ecosystem of platforms, particularly through their activities on social media. It argues for the importance of listening to adolescents’ voices, with all their enthusiasm, uncertainties, and contradictions, in order to look beyond individual uses of social media when designing programs and interventions that concern them. We frame our observations using the sensitizing concept of deep mediatization, that reminds us how today’s data practices are the source of tomorrow’s societal transformations. Within an ecosystemic perspective on digital platforms, the concept of affordances establishes links between the mechanisms of datafication, commodification and selection, platform architectures, the formation of social norms and youth’s experiences on social media. Using a qualitative methodology, we documented the social media experiences of young people aged 14 to 17 from a variety of backgrounds, through a thematic analysis of 19 interviews and two focus groups. The results document the subtle ways that adolescents manage their social relationships and the multiple functionalities offered by these media to converse online, post content and scroll. While direct messaging, posting and scrolling all generate data that fuel the economic model of various social media platforms, the active role of young people on social media invites us to consider adolescents not as victims needing protection from social media but as fullfledged participants in shaping their ecosystem. The injunctive effect of the community on adolescents’ practices is apparent in five norms identified from their comments : 1) being sensitive to others while direct messaging; 2) the expectation of constant availability to converse online; 3) implicit rules about the frequency and quality of content posted according to the type of publication; 4) presenting oneself authentically while fitting in (i.e. being a unique individual but not too different); and 5) scrolling on the most popular social media. Our results demonstrate that when a practice is collectively configured and visible, as in the case direct messaging or posting, adolescents rely heavily on social cues and relationships and platform functionalities have limited effects. In contrast, they appear to be more dependent on what the platforms propose when an activity, like scrolling, is primarily individual. Understanding how the agency of the online environment and the normative processes at work vary according to the social characteristics of different social media practices opens the door to imagining new ways of intervening in order to encourage a more lucid use of digital environments by youth.

This study is a based on a quantitative content analysis with the purpose to analyse if the Swedish Radio’s local radio channel P4 Norrbotten is objective during there coverage of the 2014 election in Sweden. The analysed material consists of the newscast from the local radiostation. All newscasts were broadcasted from September 1st 2014 to September 14th 2014. The material was transcribed at the The Swedish Media Database (SMDB) at the National Library of Sweden. The study used different theories, the objectivity concept presented by Westerståhl (1972) and a theory presented by Asp (2011) about how political parties and political actors are favoured or disadvantaged by the news presented in the local broadcast. The political theory of mediatization has also been used. 600 analysis units were encoded in the code analysis. Of these, 84 were about the 2014 election or contained political parties. Results from the quantitative content analysis shows that the Social Democrats where the political party that occurred most frequently in the news. Asp’s (2011) theory shows that the Swedish Democrats were favoured the most from news reporting, while the Green Party was most disadvantaged by the news reporting. According to the results from the code analysis, the local radiostation P4 Norrbotten is objective in its news coverage of the 2014 election campaign in Sweden. / Denna studie är en kvantitativ innehållsanalys där syftet är att undersöka om Sveriges Radio P4 Norrbotten är objektiv i sin bevakning av valrörelsen 2014. Materialet som är analyserat är P4 Norrbottens egna nyhetssändningar som sändes mellan den första september 2014 till och med den 14:e september 2014. Materialet har samlats in och transkriberats vid SMDB vid Kungliga Biblioteket i Stockholm, Sverige. De teorier som har använts är Westerståhls (1972) objektivitetsbegrepp, Asps (2011) aktörsbehandlingsindex samt politisk medialisering. 600 analysenheter kodades i kodanalysen. Av dessa berörde 89 stycken antingen valet 2014 eller så förekom politiska partier. Resultatet från kodanalysen visar att Socialdemokraterna var det parti som förekom mest frekvent i nyheterna. Utifrån aktörsbehandlingsindexet gynnades Sverigedemokraterna mest av rapporteringen medan Miljöpartiet missgynnades mest av nyhetsrapporteringen. Enligt resultatet från kodanalysen är P4 Norrbotten objektiva i sin bevakning av valrörelsen 2014.

The mediatization of society has gradually led to an increasingly prominent presence of music in our daily lives, a process which Tobias Pontara and Ulrik Volgsten refer to as musicalization. One media platform that has experienced rapid growth in recent years is TikTok, which, with its one billion users, has become a hub for music discovery and distribution. TikTok's interface fosters a participatory culture, where users actively engage in musical challenges and memes. In this paper, I examine musical memes as a phenomenon and explore their influence on society's musicalization process. By examining TikTok's user interface and its self-promotion strategies, it becomes apparent that the platform aims to establish itself as a contemporary music medium. The app's features actively encourage users to utilize music and dances as a tool for storytelling and community-building. TikTok's rise in the media landscape has led to a mediatization process where other media adapt to TikTok's logic, and due to music being such a central part of the platform, it contributes to an increased presence of music in our day-to-day lives.