[pt] A presente dissertação parte dos estudos de Michel Foucault acerca da governamentalidade com o intuito de compreender a temática do desenvolvimento internacional e, mais especificamente, o Acordo do Nordeste firmado em 1962 entre os Estados Unidos e o Brasil. Tal acordo surge da convergência de dois projetos distintos de desenvolvimento: a Operação Nordeste e a Aliança para o Progresso. Os anos iniciais do Acordo, contudo, foram marcados por uma série de divergências entre seus órgãos executores, quais sejam, a Superintendência do Desenvolvimento do Nordeste (SUDENE) e a Agência dos Estados Unidos para o Desenvolvimento Internacional (USAID). Tendo em vista a noção de que o desenvolvimento é um dispositivo de saber- poder que rearticula a maneira de se pensar sobre os limites temporais da Modernidade, situando a diferença entre sujeitos autônomos (civilizados) e não-autônomos (bárbaros) no contexto das normalidades e anormalidades que caracterizam uma população, adota-se como hipótese a idéia de que as discordâncias entre a SUDENE e a USAID representavam uma disputa política em torno da delimitação das categorias que definem os casos normais e anormais de desenvolvimento. Nesse sentido, trata-se também de uma disputa acerca dos próprios limites da Modernidade. Para indicar os principais pontos que compunham essa disputa, fez-se necessária a análise e a comparação das diferentes teorias que balizavam a Operação Nordeste e a Aliança para Progresso. / [en] This dissertation uses Michel Foucault s study of governmentality with the purpose of understanding the issue of international development and, more specifically, the Northeast Agreement that was signed in 1962 between the United Stated and Brazil. This agreement results from the convergence of two distinct development projects: Operation Northeast and the Alliance for Progress. The initial years of the Agreement, however, were characterized by a number of disagreements between the two agencies that were responsible for its implementation, the Superintendency for the Development of the Northeast (SUDENE) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Considering the notion that development is a dispositif of power and knowledge that refashions the way we think about the temporal limits of Modernity by placing the difference between autonomous (civilized) and dependent (barbarian) subjects in the context of the normalities and abnormalities that characterize any population, we assume the hypothesis that the discord between SUDENE and USAID represented a political dispute regarding the delimitation of categories that define the normal and abnormal cases of development. In this sense, it is also a dispute regarding the temporal limits of Modernity. The analysis and comparison of the different theories that guided Operation Northeast and the Alliance for Progress was necessary to indicate the main points of this dispute.

A investigação que embasa a presente tese tem como objetivo analisar a racionalidade pedagógica que sustenta a produção de subjetividades empreendedoras; e como horizonte teórico, algumas noções presentes no pensamento de Michel Foucault, especialmente em seus últimos cursos. A partir das proposições sobre uma pedagogia dita empreendedora, buscou-se compor um quadro das noções ético-políticos aí vigentes, as quais gravitam em torno de noções de felicidade, sucesso, destino, eficiência e produtividade, tomando o indivíduo como capital de si mesmo e sua própria vida como alvo de investimento ininterrupto. Entendendo o empreendedorismo menos como uma plataforma discursiva subserviente às forças ideológicas em voga e mais como uma espécie de poeira do presente, visou-se, por meio de um recuo arqueogenealógico, investigar a modulação do poder pastoral e da governamentalidade neoliberal operada na e pela literatura pedagógica do final do século XVIII e início do XIX. Na qualidade de fontes empíricas, foram selecionados alguns textos de Johann Pestalozzi, Friedrich Froebel, Johann Herbart e, em especial, Os anos de aprendizado de Wilhelm Meister, obra de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Tal escolha deveu-se, sobretudo, ao fato de tais textos serem constantemente referidos como fundadores da educação moderna pela historiografia educacional. No que se refere ao âmbito teórico-metodológico, além de Michel Foucault, a pesquisa teve como intercessores privilegiados Gilles Deleuze, Paul Veyne, Nikolas Rose e Giorgio Agamben, entre outros pensadores alinhados à perspectiva pós-estruturalista. A partir do enfrentamento analítico com as fontes eleitas, pôde-se observar um deslocamento do governamento teístico para uma noção de salvação laica ancorada na ideia do homem educado como operador de seu destino. Despontaria aí um sujeito que se imagina construtor de sua própria história e, portanto, capaz de gerir sua vida, por meio de determinadas práticas sobre si mesmo, tais como: voltar o olhar para si, buscando sua motivação e sua verdade supostamente interiores; descobrir e desenvolver seus talentos; aprender a aprender; retirar das experiências com o mundo lições para uma vida bem-sucedida; identificar e aprimorar suas habilidades e aptidões; cuidar da própria saúde, mantendo-se saudável e produtivo; manter-se atualizado etc. Daí o pietismo configurar um capítulo destacado em tal projeto, com vistas à autonomização do homem e, por conseguinte, sua realização na vida mundana. No diagrama que vem produzindo esse éthos para o homem contemporâneo, planteiam-se modos de veridicção e de subjetivação em que querer, obedecer e empreender constituem um nexo indissociável na forja do governo de si e dos outros. / The purpose of the investigation that serves as the basis for this thesis is to analyze the pedagogic rationality that sustains the production of entrepreneurial subjectivities; and as a theoretical horizon, several notions present in the thinking of Michel Foucault, especially in his most recent courses. From the proposals of a pedagogy that is self-declared as entrepreneurial, an attempt was made to put together a set of applicable ethical and political notions, which revolve around notions of happiness, success, destiny, efficiency and productivity, which take on the individual as capital of himself and his own life as the target of uninterrupted investment. Understanding entrepreneurialism less as a platform for discourse that is subservient to the ideological forces of the moment and more of a kind of dust of the present, the aim was to investigate, by means of a geneological regression, the modulation of pastoral power and neoliberal governmentality operated in and by pedagogic literature at the end of the 18th Century and beginning of the 19th Century. As empirical sources, several texts by Johann Pestalozzi, Friedrich Froebel, Johann Herbart and, especially, Wilhelm Meister\'s Apprenticeship, by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, were selected. This choice was due, above all, to the fact that these tests are constantly referenced as the foundations of modern education by educational historiography. With regards to the theoretical-methodological sphere, besides Michel Foucault, the research features as privileged intercessors Gilles Deleuze, Paul Veyne, Nikolas Rose and Giorgio Agamben, among other thinkers aligned with the post-structuralist perspective. From an analytical confrontation with selected sources, there is a shift from theistic governing to a notion of secular salvation anchored in the idea of the educated man as the operator of his own destiny. This is when a subject is capable of imagining himself as the builder of his own story and thus capable of managing his own life, by means of certain practices involving himself, such as: looking back at himself, searching for his supposedly interior motivation and his truth; discovering and developing his talents; learning to learn; removing lessons for a successful life from experiences with the world; identifying and improving his abilities and skills; looking after his own health, keeping himself healthy and productive; keeping up to date, etc. Thus pietism constitutes a special chapter in this project, with a view to the autonomization of man and, consequently, his realization in everyday life. In the diagram that has been producing this ethos for modern man, methods for veridiction and subjection have been sown, in which wanting, obeying and developing constitute an unbreakable nexus of the government of oneself and others.

The main aim of this diploma thesis is analysis of the surveillance and the power relationships in the Nazi concentration and extermination camp Auschwitz. The thesis attempts to contribute to understanding of the surveillance operation and the power technologies in the Auschwitz by comparison of the Michel Foucault's theoretical concept of power and surveillance with the totalitarian power according to Hannah Arendt. These two concepts will constitute the main theoretical base of this thesis. The thesis attempts to characterize Nazi politics of possible visibility and displayability on the basis of Didi-Huberman's reflection of the Auschwitz-Birkenau visual representation. Keywords: Discipline. Surveillance. Hannah Arendt. Michel Foucault. Power. Totalitarianism.

Forskning visar att Sverige är ett av de mest individualistiska länderna i världen, där ensamhet och social isolering ökar i samhället. Ensamheten beskrivs som ett själsligt lidande och ökar risken för fysiska konsekvenser som suicid. Suicid beskrivs inte i samma utsträckning i tidningsmedia som andra ämnen eftersom det är tabubelagt, trots att vi förlorar fyra individer i suicid per dag, vilket motsvarar en var sjätte timme.  Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera hur suicid framställs i tidningsmedia med fokus på spänningen mellan samhälleliga och individuella förklaringar. Frågeställningarna uppsatsen ämnat att besvara är följande ”Hur begripliggörs suicid i tidningsmedia?” och ”Hur kan dessa beskrivningar förstås med hjälp av Baumans teori om det individualiserade samhället?” Studien ämnar ta form av en foucaultinspirerad diskursanalys för att studera hur diskursen om suicid konstrueras i tidningsmedia. Metodvalet togs för att producera underlag för att analysera hur tidningsmedia förmedlar och formar samhällets förståelse av suicid och spänningen mellan hur diskursen pendlar från att vara ett individansvar till ett ansvar på samhällelig nivå. Det utvalda tidningsmedierna som studien hämtat sitt empiriska material ifrån är Dagens Nyheter och Svenska Dagbladet, där hämtades 22 tidningsartiklar för att analyseras. Det teoretiska ramverket består utav Zygmynt Baumans teori om det individualiserade samhället, den tillämpades för att skapa en förståelse hur samhällets strukturer påverkar och förstärker det individualiserade ansvarstagandet samt för att belysa komplexiteten. Resultatet utifrån denna uppsats pekar på att diskursen om suicid är komplex och suicidframställningen visar på flertalet olika perspektiv inom diskursen. Mest framstående i tidningsmedia är den ekonomiska faktorn och ensamheten som beskrivs florera i samhället. En slutsats i studien är att det individualistiska samhället präglas av en åtgärdsfixerad kultur men att ansvar läggs allt oftare på individen på grund av det bristfälliga stödet samhället erbjuder. / Science suggest that Sweden is one of the most individualistic countries in the world, where loneliness and social isolation increases in society. Loneliness is described to be a suffering of the soul and increases the risk for physical consequences such as suicide. Suicide is not described in the same extent in newspaper media as other subjects because it is taboo, even though we lose four individuals every day to suicide, which corresponds to one every six hours. The purpose of this essay is to study how suicide is portrayed in newspaper media with focus on the tension between societal and individual explanations. The questions this essay aims to answer is following” How to make suicide comprehensible in newspaper media?” and” How can these descriptions be understood by using Bauman’s theory about individualized societies?” The essay means to take form of a foucaultinspired discourse analysis to study how the suicide discourse is constructed in newspaper media. The choice of method was taken to produce a basis to analyze how newspaper media conveys and shapes societies understanding of suicide and the tension between the discourse varies from being an individual responsibility and a responsibility on a societal level. The chosen newspaper media that the study has collected it´s empirical material from is Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet, where 22 newspaper articles was retrieved. The result from this essay points out that the suicide discourse is complex, and the description of suicide shows multiple perspectives within the discourse. Most prominent in the newspaper media is the economic factor and loneliness is the described to flourish in society. One conclusion of the essay is experienced to be that the individualistic society we live in, where a strong action fixated culture flourishes, the responsibility is often placed on the individual due to the inadequate support society offer.

Ce mémoire cherche à mieux comprendre le phénomène de la conversion philosophique dans l'Antiquité, plus particulièrement dans le stoïcisme impérial (Sénèque, Épictète, Marc Aurèle). Après une analyse conceptuelle de la conversion qui s'appuie sur des sources contemporaines, ce mémoire fait l'étude des interprétations de la conversion stoïcienne par Pierre Hadot et Michel Foucault. Cette étude se conclut sur le constat de problèmes importants dans ces deux interprétations. Ce mémoire poursuit avec une analyse lexicologique des termes grec (epistrophè) et latin (conversio) pouvant désigner la conversion dans le corpus stoïcien. Cette analyse se termine sur un autre constat d'échec, rejetant ces termes comme des traductions du concept de conversion. Le dernier chapitre de ce mémoire montre qu'en inscrivant le stoïcisme et Épictète en particulier dans la tradition protreptique socratique on peut mieux comprendre la conversion stoïcienne.

No description available.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka pedagogers relation till barns fria lek i förskolan, utifrån ett makt- och styrningsperspektiv. För att kunna få syn på detta har vi använt oss av en kvalitativ studie med observationer som metodval. Under våra observationer har vi tagit hjälp av ett observationsschema för att se hur pedagogerna agerar under barnens fria lek och vilka tekniker som eventuellt används för att styra barnen till och från olika lekar. Studien har genomförts på två förskolor i två olika kommuner, där barn i åldrarna tre-fem år har befunnit sig. Utifrån studiens syfte har ett resultat synliggjorts, där fyra kategorier vuxit fram baserat på olika tekniker pedagogerna styr barnen i deras fria lek. Kategorierna är pedagoginitierad lek,reglering mot önskvärd lek, disciplinerande teknik och inne- och uteslutande teknik. Ofta upptäckte pedagogerna lärandepotentialen i barnens lekar och leken blev således riktad åt det hållet. En del av barnens lekar avbröts relativt omgående för att de antingen upplevdes för högljudda eller rörliga, eller i förebyggande syfte för att minska konflikter. / <p>Godkännandedatum: 2016-06-05</p>

Recherche sur l'existence d'une culture stratégique typiquement occidentale, européenne et américaine, culture qui trouverait l'un de ses fondements dans les représentations des combattants dans la pensée stratégique depuis la Renaissance

In this dissertation I consider the question, "Is it possible to think the subject qua subject or must any theoretical attempt to understand the subject necessarily reify it?" To answer this question, I appealed to Immanuel Kant's distinction between theoretical and practical reason, noting that practical reason could think the subject as a free soul rather than as a naturally-determined object. I then divided the sciences of the subject into four general types to determine which science could think the subject qua subject. Three sciences were shown to necessarily reify the subject: empirical psychology, rational psychology, and heteronomous ethics. I then paralleled Kant's insight with Michel Foucault's analyses of the human sciences, showing the concrete consequences of objectification. Using Foucault's work on ethical practice and askesis as a guide, I returned to Kant and explained how practical reason can think the subject qua subject only insofar as it considers the subject as something to be made rather than a theoretical object to know. I then posed the question, “What are the necessary conditions for someone to be a subject of possible experience?” which led into a Kantian-inspired theory of love and intersubjectivity. Finally, I concluded that contemporary psychology is mired in an impasse between happiness and freedom, insofar as therapeutic practice is no longer an ethic. I suggest the need for a practical psychology to solve this impasse. / McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts; / Philosophy / PhD; / Dissertation;

Master of Arts / Department of English / Gregory J. Eiselein / The presence and persistence of ethnicity in Sri Lanka has led scholars such as Jayadeva Uyangoda to describe Sri Lanka as an “ethnocracy” and is identified as one of the major challenges for attempts to reconcile communities after a 26-year-long civil war that ended in 2009. The emphasis on ethnicity, however, often makes it difficult for scholars to examine the discontinuities that have shaped the emergence of ethnicity as the most significant social category in the country. This thesis addresses this lacuna by providing a careful re-reading of the conditions under which ethnicity became the focus of both politics and epistemology at the turn of the 20th century in colonial Ceylon. Michel Foucault’s conceptualization of governmentality enables this examination by demonstrating how ethnicity became the terrain on which political rationalities and governmental technologies were deployed in order to shift how populations were constructed as the focus of colonial governance between 1901 and 1911. Colonial political rationalities are explored through an examination of the debate that emerged in the Census reports of P. Arunachalam (1902) and E.B. Denham (1912) over whether Ceylon is constituted by many nationalities or by one nationality—the Sinhalese—and many races. The emergence of this debate also coincided with the Crewe-McCallum Reforms of 1912 which aimed to reform the colonial state in response to the demands of the local population. Like the debate between Arunachalam and Denham, what is at stake in the reforms of 1912 is the question of whether the Island is constituted by many racial populations or a single population. The terms of these debates over ethnicity that took place over a century ago, continue to shape the tenor of Sri Lanka’s post-war political landscape and therefore provides a pathway for understanding how Sri Lanka’s post-war challenges are imbricated in the dilemmas of inhabiting its colonial present(s).