Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-04-19T12:03:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo Vasconcellos Braz Galvão.pdf: 1111105 bytes, checksum: 8ad76b64419db31fb440dee72428bb1d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-19T12:03:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo Vasconcellos Braz Galvão.pdf: 1111105 bytes, checksum: 8ad76b64419db31fb440dee72428bb1d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-04 / This study studies the leniency agreement institute under the Brazilian anti-corruption law. The novel institute became applicable in the national anti-corruption system only from the provisions of Articles 16 and 17 of Federal Law 12,846 / 13. The introduction of the aforementioned Federal Law into the Brazilian juridical and normative system, as one of the legal instruments in the repression of corrupt practice, positivated the leniency agreement in the legal-administrative relations stricto sensu, whether bilaterally or not between legal entities Private bodies and bodies or entities of the Public Administration, including the legal entities of international public law. Prior to the scope of the Brazilian System for the Defense of Competition, the Leniency Agreement was introduced in Brazil through the provisional measure n. No. 2,055-4 / 2000, which was converted into Federal Law 10,149 / 2000, which introduced art. 35-B of the repealed Brazilian Antitrust Law (Federal Law No. 8.884 / 94). With the publication of the new antitrust law (Federal Law No. 12,529 / 2011), such an institute was conserved and improved. In the study of this instrument, its assumptions of existence and validity were analyzed, through the observation of the constitutional, legal and doctrinal matrix put in our Country, in the end, it began to score the most relevant notes on the content and scope of the norm Introducing the leniency agreement under Brazilian anti-corruption law. It is necessary, however, to understand the jusphilosophical foundations inherent in the agreement in question, especially in the light of the supremacy of the public interest and its unavailability, as well as the compression of the transactional duty-power which May be included as part of the competence or attribution of certain public agents / O presente trabalho investiga o instituto do acordo de leniência no âmbito da lei anticorrupção brasileira. O novel instituto passou a ter aplicação no sistema nacional anticorrupção apenas a partir da previsão dos artigos 16 e 17 da lei federal nº 12.846/13. A introdução da dita Lei Federal no sistema jurídico-normativo brasileiro, como mais um dos instrumentos legais na repressão à prática corruptiva, positivou o acordo de leniência nas relações jurídico-administrativas stricto sensu travadas de forma bilateral ou não entre as pessoas jurídicas de direito privado e os órgãos ou entidades da Administração Pública, aí incluídas as pessoas jurídicas de direito público internacionais. Anteriormente com previsão restrita ao âmbito do Sistema Brasileiro de Defesa da Concorrência, o acordo de leniência foi positivado no Brasil por meio da Medida Provisória nº 2.055-4/2000, que foi convertida na lei federal nº 10.149/2000, as quais introduziram o art. 35-B da revogada Lei antitruste brasileira (lei federal nº 8.884/94). Com a edição da nova lei de defesa da concorrência (lei federal nº 12.529/2011), tal instituto foi conservado e aprimorado. No estudo deste instrumento, foram analisados os seus pressupostos de existência e validade, por intermédio da observação da matriz constitucional, legal e doutrinária posta em nosso País; posteriormente, passou-se a pontuar as notas mais relevantes sobre o conteúdo e o alcance da norma jurídica introdutora do acordo de leniência no âmbito da lei anticorrupção brasileira. Primeiramente, porém, da mera interpretação do dispositivo legal atinente à espécie, faz-se necessário compreender os fundamentos jusfilosóficos inerentes ao acordo em apreço, especialmente à luz da supremacia do interesse público e de sua indisponibilidade, bem como pela compressão do dever-poder transacional que pode incidir como parcela da competência ou atribuição de determinados agentes públicos

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Eduardo Pereira Furlani.pdf: 1550809 bytes, checksum: 5927eaf87c9e7df6c6d8c5c04587dba6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-09 / There is no doubt as to the composition of the legal system consists of rules and principles for this, we begin this present study classifies about the concepts, exteriorization of the concept and principles, identifying them as their respective functions and settings in the legal scenario and in the context of the regime legal public law. It relies on the following principles in the interpretation of the legal landscape on the principle of supremacy of public over private interest, even taking into account the activity of this exegesis in the process of constitutional and as the activity of the public administration and administrator and the mechanisms of state action in the face of the constitution. We understand which supports authorizing the obedience, the conflicts between those who point out its impracticality and those that seek to reconstruct it, and a critical analysis from the perspective of the state may consider whether there is supremacy of public interest over the particular. How questioning, pointed to the current constitutional order is adjusted to the process of constitutional norms under the Constitution, even if these conditioning fit for Public Policy and the broader aspects of social change in order to promote the public interest. We tried to thus address some controversy as and when an act is directed to benefit a specific public interest, collective interest or private interest, but did not earn the same benefits given to other public interest. As a theoretical underpinning of this study we relied on the following authors: Humberto Avila, Celso Antonio Bandeira De Mello, Robert Alexy, Luiz Roberto Barroso, Maria Sylvia Zanella Di Pietro, Marçal Justen Son, Daniel Sarmento, which led to numerous scores and discussions on this work. It is redefining the idea of showing the supremacy of public interest over the particular, with the recognition that private interests may fall under the protection of the Constitution and require weights as earned to each individual case / Não há dúvida quanto à composição do sistema jurídico formado por regras e princípios, para isto, iniciamos este presente trabalho classificando quanto à conceituação, noção e exteriorização dos princípios, identificando-os quanto suas respectivas funções e colocações no cenário jurídico e no contexto do Regime Jurídico de Direito Público. Tomamos por base após a interpretação dos princípios no cenário jurídico a relativa aplicação do princípio da supremacia do direito público sobre o interesse privado, levando-se ainda em conta a atividade deste sob a exegese do processo de constitucionalização e quanto a atividade do Administração Pública e do Administrador e os Mecanismos de atuação do Estado em face da constitucionalização. Objetivamos compreender quais os suportes que autorizam a obediência, os conflitos existentes entre os que apontam sua inviabilidade e os que buscam reconstruí-lo, além de uma análise crítica, sob a ótica do Estado, podendo considerar se há supremacia do interesse público sobre o particular. Como questionamento, apontamos se o atual ordenamento Constitucional encontra-se ajustado ao processo de constitucionalização das normas infraconstitucionais, condicionando ainda se estas se ajustam as Políticas Públicas e aos mais amplos aspectos de mudança social, a fim de promover o interesse público. Buscou-se assim, solucionar algumas controvérsias como e quando um ato se direcione a beneficiar um determinado interesse público, interesses coletivos ou mesmo interesse particulares, mas não auferir as mesmas vantagens a outro determinado interesse público. Como sustentação teórica deste estudo nos baseamos nos seguintes autores: Humberto Ávila, Celso Antonio Bandeira De Mello, Robert Alexy, Luiz Roberto Barroso, Maria Sylvia Zanella Di Pietro, Marçal Justen Filho, Daniel Sarmento, que propiciaram a inúmeras pontuações e discussões acerca do presente trabalho. Conclui-se apresentando redefinição da ideia de supremacia do interesse público sobre o particular, com o reconhecimento de que os interesses privados podem recair sob a proteção da Constituição e exigir ponderações quando auferidas a cada caso concreto

O objetivo desta tese é analisar de que forma a Comunicação na perspectiva da Comunicação Pública poderá assumir a articulação e o debate para promover um novo paradigma em torno da sustentabilidade e de que forma o capital social está presente neste contexto. Adotamos como proposta para este estudo o pensamento complexo de Edgar Morin, que propõe uma abordagem transdisciplinar, propondo ver o mundo como um todo indissociável, no contexto, com traços inquietantes do emaranhado, da desordem, da ambiguidade, da incerteza, que para nós define as questões atuais referentes à Sustentabilidade. A pesquisa etnográfica nos permitiu observar no campo a presença de pressupostos da comunicação pública e de capital social e analisar as dinâmicas interativas e comunicativas no fato mais óbvio: o encontro e o relacionamento. Através da observação participante e de outros instrumentos de pesquisa aplicados com integrantes da OSCIP Rede Nossa São Paulo, foram colhidos os dados a fim de analisarmos a sua efetividade. A partir da constatação de que a problemática da sustentabilidade é de natureza políticoeconômica, acreditamos que a Comunicação Pública, regida pela força de múltiplos atores, se apresenta como uma nova proposta em torno da palavra-problema \"sustentabilidade\" e para a proposição de novas políticas públicas em torno dos problemas ou soluções concernentes a ela. O estudo pretende trazer contribuições para o avanço da área do conhecimento, prenchendo lacunas, a exemplo de novos estudos em torno do conceito de Flourishing, com o objetivo de ampliar as possibilidades de entendimento, crítica e alternativa diante do olhar reducionista e simplificador de como o problema da sustentabilidade vem sendo apresentado, além de trazer a possibilidade de reflexão acerca das práticas utilizadas pelas organizações do terceiro setor, que a partir do pressuposto de que estas têm a missão de ocupar o espaço público e dada a sua importância na condução do advocacy, possibilitam o debate em construção coletiva para problemas ligados ao interesse público e ao bem comum para o desenvolvimento da sustentabilidade. Assim, na Rede Nossa São Paulo nos deparamos com um modelo de comunicação pública e de capital social legítimos, modelo que poderá inspirar novos atores, organizações, instituições a revitalizarem o espaço público aberto para mudanças concretas, a partir de uma comunicação pública transparente, que promova a confiança, a cooperação, a reciprocidade e a participação a fim de encontrarmos respostas às grandes questões e complexidade que o termo sustentabilidade carrega. / The objective of this thesis is to analyse how Communication in the perspective of Public Communication can assume the articulation and debate to promote a new paradigm around sustainability and the way social capital is present in this context. We adopt as a proposal for this study the complex thought of Edgar Morin, who proposes a transdisciplinary approach, proposing to see the world as an indivisible whole, in the context, with disturbing traces of the entanglement, disorder, ambiguity, uncertainty that defines us the current issues related to Sustainability. The ethnographic research allowed us to observe in the field the presence of the presuppositions of public communication and social capital, and analyse the interactive and communicative dynamics in the most obvious fact: the encounter and the relationship. Through participatory observation and other applied research instruments with the members of the OSCIP Rede Nossa São Paulo, we collected data with the objective of analysing its effectiveness. Based on the fact that the issue of sustainability is political and economic in nature, we believe that Public Communication, governed by the force of multiple actors, is presented as a new proposal around the problem word \"sustainability\" and the proposition of new public policies around the problems or solutions concerning it. The study intends to bring contributions for the advancements of the knowledge area, filling in gaps, as example of new studies around the concept of Flourishing, aiming at expanding the possibilities of understanding, critique and alternative towards the reductionists and simplistic view of how the issue of sustainability is being presented, besides bringing the possibility of reflection about the practices used by third sector organizations, based on the presupposition they have the mission of occupying public space and given its importance of leading the advocacy, enabling the debate under collective construction for problems related to the public interest and the common good for the development of sustainability. Therefore, at Rede Nossa São Paulo we faced an authentic model of public communication and social capital, model that can inspire new actors, organizations, institutions to revitalize the public space to concrete changes, having as starting point a transparent public communication, which promotes confidence, cooperation, reciprocity and participation in order to find answers to great questions and complexity that the term sustainability holds.

La formation du contrat suppose la rencontre de deux ou plusieurs volontés en vue de créer des effets de droit. Elle repose sur un échange de consentements des parties, dont est a priori exclue la figure du tiers. Le tiers est, en effet, classiquement défini par la négative en opposition aux parties, comme celui qui ne peut subir les effets du contrat ni profiter de ses bénéfices, car il n’y a pasconsenti. Toutefois, la présence des tiers lors de l'élaboration du contrat n'est pas inconnue en droit positif. Mais le délitement de l'Etat tiers garant du contrat et l'avènement de la contractualisation se sont accompagnés d'une multiplication de tiers intervenant au stade de la formation du contrat.L’objet de cette étude est de démontrer que l'intervention de tiers est de plus en plus sollicitée lors de la phase d'élaboration de l'accord. Le tiers ne doit plus être considéré seulement comme étant celui qui est étranger à la volonté des parties. Il influence, voire même, contraint cette volonté. Il semble important aujourd'hui d'élargir la qualité de tiers au contrat. Les interventions de tiers au stade de la formation de l'accord, qu'elles aient pour but de protéger les intérêts particuliers des contractants et/ou l'intérêt général, constituent une limite à la volonté autonome des individus et, par conséquent, restreignent la liberté contractuelle des contractants en influençant tant la rencontre des consentements que la détermination du contenu contractuel. / The formation of the contract requires the meeting of two or more minds in order to create legal effects. It is based on an exchange of the parties consent’, from which any third party is theorically excluded. The third party is, indeed, classically negatively defined by opposition towards the parties as one that cannot suffer the contract’s effects or enjoy its benefits because it has not consented to it. However, the presence of third parties during the agreement of the terms of the contract is not unknown in positive law. But the State disintegration as a third party guarantor of the contract, and the advent of contractualization, are accompanied by a proliferation of third party interventions during the contract formation stage. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that third party interventions are increasingly requested during the formulation phase of the agreement. The third party should no longer beconsidered purely as an alien to the parties’ wills. It influences, and even, compels this will. Today it would seem important, in contract matters, to broaden the capacity of a third party. Third party interventions during the agreement formulation, whether to protect the interests of contracting parties and / or the public interest, constitute a restriction to people’s individual autonomy, and, therefore, limit contractual freedom by influencing both the meeting of theminds and the determination of contractual content.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Esta pesquisa objetiva avaliar o interesse pÃblico presente na produÃÃo noticiosa da AgÃncia CÃmara NotÃcias. O Manual de RedaÃÃo da Secretaria de ComunicaÃÃo da CÃmara aponta o interesse pÃblico como o principal critÃrio de noticiabilidade dos seus veÃculos. O foco no interesse pÃblico à o principal argumento na defesa de que essas mÃdias legislativas realizam comunicaÃÃo pÃblica. Representa, portanto, elemento crucial na justificativa da prÃpria existÃncia de tais veÃculos perante a sociedade e na sua credibilidade, tanto como fonte para a imprensa, mas, principalmente, como meio de informaÃÃo para o cidadÃo. Sabe-se, alÃm disso, que o prÃprio Jornalismo à considerado como espaÃo do interesse pÃblico, muito embora essa perspectiva seja adotada, frequentemente, mais como discurso do que prÃtica efetiva. Apesar da ambiguidade em torno da natureza do veÃculo que analisamos, entre comunicaÃÃo institucional ou pÃblica, mas considerando a prÃpria proposta editorial da ComunicaÃÃo da CÃmara, utilizamos como base teÃrica os estudos do interesse pÃblico no Jornalismo. Diante da complexidade do objetivo proposto, consequÃncia da indeterminaÃÃo em torno do conceito de interesse pÃblico, procedemos a uma anÃlise empÃrica em trÃs etapas, que representam nÃveis ou dimensÃes distintas de realizaÃÃo do interesse pÃblico, aplicadas num corpus de 211 notÃcias produzidas pela AgÃncia CÃmara NotÃcias. Na primeira etapa, separamos as matÃrias por tema e buscamos aspectos relativos ao interesse pÃblico: RelevÃncia/significatividade, Notoriedade, Impacto, TransparÃncia, ConsequÃncias e PrincÃpios/valores (SILVA, 2002; WOLF, 1999; MOREIRA, 2006; CHAPARRO, 2012); na segunda, procuramos visualizar o interesse pÃblico no tipo de fato relatado, de acordo com a classificaÃÃo de Gomis (1991, 2002) em Resultados (acontecimentos que apresentam fatos consumados), ExplosÃes (fatos inesperados com consequÃncias drÃsticas), Deslocamentos (etapas ou fases de um acontecimento) e ApariÃÃes (eventos caracterizados pela manifestaÃÃo oral); por Ãltimo, intentamos perceber o interesse pÃblico na forma como o conteÃdo à desenvolvido, avaliando a pluralidade de fontes e o equilÃbrio (ROTHBERG, 2011; SERRANO, 2011). Outro recurso adotado foi a realizaÃÃo de entrevistas com alguns profissionais da AgÃncia, com o objetivo de entender melhor o seu processo de produÃÃo. ApÃs as anÃlises, chegamos Ãs seguintes conclusÃes: as matÃrias da AgÃncia possuem atributos de interesse pÃblico, mas à preciso analisar outras dimensÃes para se verificar o atendimento a esse critÃrio; qualquer tipo de fato pode apresentar interesse pÃblico, contudo os Deslocamentos e ApariÃÃes mostram-se mais importantes do que Resultados e ExplosÃes quando considerada a especificidade da AgÃncia; a pluralidade à bastante limitada ou atà inexistente na AgÃncia porque as notÃcias sÃo centradas em vozes parlamentares ou trazem vozes da sociedade apenas em casos de participaÃÃo desta nas atividades da CÃmara. Desse modo, podemos dizer que existe um potencial de interesse pÃblico na AgÃncia CÃmara, especialmente pelos atributos vinculados à sua temÃtica central. Entretanto, a prevalÃncia de critÃrios institucionais sobre valores do Jornalismo ou da prÃpria comunicaÃÃo pÃblica impedem que esse potencial seja mais elevado. / This research aims to evaluate the public interest present in the news production of the House of Representativesâ News Agency. The Editorial Handbook of the Communications Department of the Brazilian House of Representatives points out the public interest as the main criterion of newsworthiness of its vehicles. The focus on the public interest is the main argument in the defense that these legislative media carry out public communication. It represents, therefore, a crucial element in the justification of the very existence of such vehicles before society and its credibility, both as a source for the press, but mainly as a means of information for the citizen. It is also known that journalism itself is considered a space of public interest, although this perspective is often adopted as a discourse rather than an effective practice. Despite the ambiguity surrounding the nature of the vehicle we analyze, between institutional or public communication, but considering the editorial proposal of the Communication of the House of Representatives, we use as theoretical basis the studies of the public interest in Journalism. Given the complexity of the proposed objective, as a consequence of the indeterminacy around the concept of public interest, we proceeded to an empirical analysis in three stages, which represent different levels or dimensions of achievement of the public interest, applied in a corpus of 211 news produced by House of Representativesâ News Agency. In the first stage, we separate the topics by subject and look for aspects related to the public interest: Relevance/significance, Notoriety, Impact, Transparency, Consequences and Principles/values (SILVA, 2002; WOLF, 1999; MOREIRA, 2006; CHAPARRO, 2012). In the second, we seek to visualize the public interest in the type of fact reported, according to the classification of Gomis (1991, 2002) in Results (events that present fait accompli), Explosions (unexpected events with drastic consequences), Displacements (steps or phases of an event) and Apparitions (events characterized by oral manifestation); Finally, we try to understand the public interest in the way the content is developed, evaluating the plurality of sources and the equilibrium (ROTHBERG, 2011; SERRANO, 2011). Another resource adopted was the realization of interviews with some professionals of the Agency, in order to better understand its production process. After the analysis, we reach the following conclusions: the Agencyâs material has attributes of public interest, but it is necessary to analyze other dimensions to verify compliance with this criterion; Any kind of fact may present a public interest, but the Displacements and Appearances are more important than Results and Explosions when considering the specificity of the Agency; The plurality is quite limited or even non-existent in the Agency because the news is centered on parliamentary voices or brings voices of the society only in cases of its participation in the activities of the House of Representatives. In this way, we can say that there is a potential of public interest in the House of Representativesâ News Agency, especially for the attributes linked to its central theme. However, the prevalence of institutional criteria on values of journalism or public communication itself prevents this potential from being higher.

利益團體以接近政府，影響政府政策制定為現代民主國家多元社會的表徵。政治學上團體理論認為，無論任何團體若欲影響政府政策制定，莫不介入政策制定過程中，政策制定為團體競爭的結果。因此，政策制定的過程充滿複雜多元的性質。 　　本文主要針對公共利益團體如何影響政策制定過程作一探討，並且以「消費者保護法」的制定過程為個案分析。因此，本文涵蓋下列章節： 　　第一章緒論。說明本文之研究動機與目的、研究方法與限制、名詞界定、研究範圍與本文的章節安排。 　　第二章為相關文獻探討。首先說明政策制定之概念，本文基於研究需要，將政策制定過程視為一從政策問題形成經政策規劃以迄於政策合法化之過程；其次就公共利益團體對政策制定可運用之資源與接近決策之管道以及公共利益團體的策略行動做一檢視；最後經由上述文獻的探討建立本文之分析架構。 　　第三章為個案研究的背景。本章將說明有關我國「消費者保護法」制定之形成背景、制定經過以及主要爭議。 　　第四章為個案分析。本章將分析中華民國消費者文教基金會在「消費者保護法」之政策問題形成階段、政策規劃階段以及政策合法化階段，如何運用組織資源及接近決策管道進而採取行動策略。 　　第五章結論。就以上各章節之研究結果提出筆者之研究發現，並提出相關建議，以供相關機關、人員以為政策制定之參考，同時提出未來相關研究之建議，期冀未來之相關研究者能對我國公共利益團體參與政策制定活動做更進一步的研究。

<p>In a Swedish setting an audience orientation is applied to investigate public service TV in the ongoing development of terrestrial digital television. Focus is on institutionalized politics and public service TV companies Sveriges Television (Swedish Television) and Utbildningsradion (Education Radio). In a case study through a multitude of material, emphasizing policy documents and interviews but also including media coverage, it is explored how and why the audience is involved in public service digital TV development. Is it an operation in the public interest, and what does this mean for public service as a media policy principle? The empirical result indicates a complex and problematic audience, which is not constantly prioritized but always present. The audience legacy is threatened in public service TV by a consumer orientation. Concluding implications are on the one hand that feedback from the audience can not only be based in ratings and market analysis. On the other hand there is a need for an attitude towards public service legitimacy as utopian realism.</p>

Privatization debate in urban planning literature is accelerating as commodification of urban space increases by the tension between urban planning and privatization. The limited number of studies on the privatization of public lands and its impacts on urban planning processes as well as the theoretical framework in terms of rent, rights to property, and public interest issues has stimulated the aims of this thesis. All these provided a base for this thesis. This Thesis aims to clarify the relationship between capitalist production and public property, which has been created in urban space through privatization within a historical context. Critical evaluation is centered around the differences in implementation, related planning approaches and processes, the roles of the actors, and spatial impacts on the neighboring areas and the urban macroform in case of a de jure-privatization of a public land in the city of Ankara: Meat and Fish Products Firm (EB&Uuml / A.S.) Akk&ouml / pr&uuml / Slaughterhouse Area. How and why market mechanisms functions and reacts is analyzed in this case study. This Thesis argues that de jure-privatization and de facto-privatization conceptual differentiation might be meaningful for urban planning as the related processes and implementation function separately. Even though every de jure-privatization (privatization) experience has its own dynamics and is a unique case, the practice in Turkey differs from the world cases: Firstly, under the same legislation, Turkey exercised liquidation, donation, privatization, and socialization. Secondly, de jure-privatization is public land privatization oriented. Thirdly, as a nodal intervention, privatization has direct impacts on urban planning and the planned growth of the cities. Urbanization processes are not under the control of rational planning as these are completely left to market forces. In this de jure-privatization process, urban space is (re) produced by market-led planning approaches and public interest issue (in urban plans) is neglected. Market-led planning approaches became an act of controlling the means of power, ended the production functions of the state, and produced spaces of consumption while decreasing competitiveness of other spaces and treated public land as a commodity. Public space defined by the urban plan has become private space publicly used. As a result, public good characteristic of public space is lost. In other words, the demands of the market institution have priority for private interests and the rationality of the capitalist (re) produces urban space. The decision to continue production is left to the capitalist. Therefore, urban planning in the privatization process becomes an action to determine the real land value, to generate rent, and to transfer development potential and privileged development rights. This refers to a paradigm shift in urban planning. These outcomes challenge the legitimacy of both planning and market institutions. This thesis stresses that if de jure-privatization is inevitable, purely market-critical comprehensive rational planning should not be left aside for the legitimacy of the market institution and urban planning. This must be because / market cannot also be legitimate and trustable without the emergence of urban planning. Market should also be for public interest otherwise it would shake its own legitimacy. Articulation of urban planning with privatization for public interest could be than spelled. In other words, privatization can be accepted as an ideology by urban planning in spatial terms, if public interest is the objective in all plan hierarchies. In the de jure-privatization process, there are uncertainties, dualisms, and problem areas in terms of administrative action, (re) production of urban space, economic issues, and public interest issues. Without the awareness of these, (re) production of urban space market-critically is irrational. Conclusively, the de jure-privatization related planning processes are defined in this thesis to strengthen urban planning as an institution and ideology.

Texte remanié de: Thèse d'État--Droit privé--Yaoundé 2. / Bibliogr. p. 377-405. Index.

Revisorer anses utgöra en profession vilket kännetecknas av bland annat etiska riktlinjer och krav på utbildning och kunskap. Enligt de etiska reglerna, som IFAC och dess oberoende kommittéer sätter för revisorsprofessionen, ska revisorer arbeta för allmänintresset. Innebörden av allmänintresset kan uppfattas otydligt och det finns olika syner på vad det faktiskt innebär. Enligt IFAC innebär allmänintresset att hänsyn ska tas till organisationers samtliga intressegrupper i samhället men inom professionen finns det skillnader i syn beroende på rang. På vägen till och inom professionen sker professionell utveckling genom utbildning, handledning och struktur &amp; bedömningar. Syftet med studien är därför att se hur professionell utveckling påverkar synen på allmänintresset. För att uppfylla syftet har det valts en positivistisk forskningsfilosofi med en deduktiv ansats. En kvantitativ metod i form av webenkäter har använts vilket har förmedlats via mail och sociala medier till revisorer, revisorsassistenter och revisorsstudenter som alla genomgår professionell utveckling. Studien påvisar ingen signifikant skillnad mellan revisorer, revisorsassistenter och revisorsstudenter i deras uppfattning av hur intressegrupperna representerar allmänintresset. Det kan dock visas att professionell utveckling till viss del har en påverkan på i hur stor grad intressegrupper anses representera allmänintresset både som helhet i olika organisationskontext och enskilt generellt sett. På grund av svårigheterna att ställa rätt frågor på rätt sätt för att fånga uppfattningarna kring allmänintresset i en enkät och kunna mäta den professionella utvecklingen på ett tillförlitligt sätt är resultaten inte generaliserbara. Däremot visar studien tecken på att professionell utveckling är en möjlig förklaring till vad som påverkar synen på allmänintresset. Förslag till fortsatt forskning är att begränsa studien till revisorer och revisorsassistenter för minska svårigheterna, att göra jämförbara enkäter vilket har varit ett problem i denna studie. För att erhålla djupare förståelse kring synen på allmänintresset föreslås en kvalitativ studie. / Auditors are considered a profession which is characterized by ethical guidelines and demands of education and knowledge. According to the ethical guidelines, set up for the auditing profession by IFAC and its independent boards, auditors are to work for the public interest. The meaning of public interest could be perceived as vague and there are different views of what it actually means. According to IFAC public interest means to consider organizations all stakeholders in society, but within the profession there are different views depending on rank. On the way to and within the profession professional development occurs through education, mentoring and structure &amp; judgment. The purpose of this study is therefore to see how professional developments affect the view on public interest. A positivistic and deductive approach was chosen in order to fulfil the purpose. A quantitative method of web questionnaires has been used, there have been distributed via e-mail and social media to auditors, audit assistants and audit students who all experience professional development. The study does not show any significant difference between auditors, audit assistants and auditing students in their view of how the interest groups represent the public interest. However, professional development appears to affect how much the interest groups represent the public interest both as a whole in different organizational contexts and individually in general. Because of the difficulties of asking the right questions in the right way to capture the opinions concerning public interest in a questionnaire and to measure the professional development in a reliable way, the results are not able to generalize. However, the study hints that professional development is a possible explanation to what affects the view on public interest. A suggestion for further research is to limit the study to only include auditors and audit assistants in order to reduce the difficulties of making comparable questionnaires which has been an issue in this study. To obtain a deeper understanding concerning the view on public interest a qualitative study is suggested.