Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Wohnstandortwahl sozial mobiler Türkisch-Deutscher in Berlin, welche in einem sozioökonomisch benachteiligten Viertel wohnen oder von einem solchen in ein status-höheres Quartier gezogen sind. Neben den Motiven für die Quartierswahl werden auch die Konsequenzen des Bleibens oder Gehens beleuchtet, insbesondere bezogen auf Sozialkapital, Netzwerke und ethnische, soziale sowie lokale Identifikation(en). Dabei besteht zum einen die Frage nach der Relevanz des Raumes, und insbesondere von Nachbarschaft als Gemeinschaft. Bezogen auf Netzwerke und Identifikation(en), geht es zweitens darum herauszufinden, ob es Prozesse der sozialen Schließung gibt, die auf der Zugehörigkeit zu einer ethnischen oder sozialen Gruppe basieren. Für die Befragten ist das Quartier ein Ort, der im Idealfall eine bestimmte Art von sozialen Beziehungen enthält, welche durch Familiarität entstehen und sich in gemeinsamen Momenten der Soziabilität ausdrückt. Wenn diese Familiarität besteht ist die symbolische sowie praktische Quartiersnutzung hoch, unabhängig vom sozialen Status des Quartiers. Wenn eine Nachbarschaft hingegen durch Anonymität und Feindseligkeit gegenüber ethnischen Minderheiten gekennzeichnet ist, dann ist die Quartiersnutzung gering. Im Gegenzug werden andere Orte mit hoher Familiarität aufgesucht. Diese Orte, für die Fortgezogenen oft das alte Quartier, sind nicht nur für die Alltagspraxis relevant, sondern auch symbolisch für die Identifikation mit einem Ort. / The present work deals with neighborhood choice of upwardly mobile Turkish-Germans, analyzing their motives for staying in a socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhood, or moving from a disadvantaged to a more advantaged one. Furthermore, the consequences of moving or staying are analyzed, in terms of social capital, network composition, and processes of identification. The focus is twofold. First, the recurring question is for the relevance of place, and specifically the neighborhood as community. Second, particularly when dealing with networks and identification(s), the question is whether there are processes of groupness and social closure, based on ethnic or social class background. For the Turkish-Germans, the neighborhood presents a place which ideally contains a particular set of social relations, emerging through public familiarity and expressed in shared moments of sociability. If these characteristics are present in a neighborhood, irrespective of socioeconomic status, practical and symbolic neighborhood use is high. If a neighborhood, on the other hand, is characterized by anonymity and hostility towards ethnic minorities, neighborhood use is low. In turn, other places with high public familiarity and sociable relations are frequented, which then become important in symbolic terms, for identification.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:33:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Angelica Pedra Minhoto.pdf: 1912582 bytes, checksum: e8bde3d0245c340522e4a2340ee1dba8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The object of this research is the admission examination for secondary education. In Brazil, it was established in 1931 and was used during 40 years to elect pupils to gymnasium. The analysis ranges between 1931 and 1945. The work aims at identifying: the social origin of pupils selected to secondary education, in Sao Paulo city; the variations on their performances at school; if such variations keep relation with social origin factors; if the exam results permit anticipate the students performance; the characteristics of the previous trajectory of the students that were successful in the exam; if the subjects covered by the exam produce any effect on primary education curriculum; the relation between the exam legal changes and the gymnasium social composition. The theoretical bases are: 1) David Hamilton s distinction between schooling and others institutionalized forms of education, and the different forms of schooling; 2) Norbert Elias effort to link the individual patterns of behavior and the structural changes of the society; and 3) Fritz Ringer s conceptual framework developed to study the European systems of secondary education, during the last three centuries. The empirical research collected data from the files of five educational institutions. The main results are: the social composition of secondary education in Sao Paulo was not restricted to the so called elite; the exam was inefficient to produce prognostics; the exam was not efficient to restrain the demand for secondary education; the social function of the exam was to legitimize a pattern of selection and to disguise the existence barriers in elementary education institutions; the selected social mobility of part of the students appeared as a sort of demonstration-effect , stimulating the demand for secondary education in Brazil; the legal regulation of the exam did not produce significant changes in the gymnasium social composition; the different strategies adopted by the private sector to circumvent the legal framework showed the limits of the Brazilian State both as a repressive agency and as a development inducer in the field of education / O objeto de estudo desta pesquisa é o exame de admissão ao ginásio, instituído em nível nacional em 1931 e utilizado por 40 anos consecutivos para a seleção de alunos ao ensino secundário. A análise do objeto circunscreve-se aos anos 1931 e 1945. A pesquisa visava a identificar: a origem social dos alunos selecionados pelo exame, na cidade de São Paulo; as variações em seu percurso ginasial; se tais variações guardam relação com fatores de origem social; se os resultados obtidos no exame indicam de maneira eficiente o desempenho escolar futuro; as características que marcam a progressão dos estudos entre os níveis elementar e secundário; se os conteúdos e a forma do exame exercem algum efeito na conformação do currículo e da clientela do ensino primário paulistano; e se existe alguma relação entre as mudanças nas prescrições legais do exame e a composição social do ginásio. Os referentes teóricos que orientam as análises são os estudos desenvolvidos por: 1) David Hamilton, que distingue, na longa duração, a escolarização de outras formas institucionalizadas de educação e as diferentes formas assumidas pela escolarização; 2) Norbert Elias, que evidencia, também na longa duração, as correlações entre alterações da estrutura de comportamento individual e as mudanças estruturais da sociedade; e 3) Fritz Ringer, cuja base conceitual foi concebida para analisar os sistemas europeus de educação secundária entre os séculos XVIII e XX. O levantamento das informações foi realizado no período de 2004 a 2006 em arquivos de cinco instituições de ensino, localizadas em São Paulo, que permanecem em funcionamento até hoje, e se limita a uma amostra de três coortes. Os resultados indicam que: a composição social do ensino secundário paulistano não esteve restrita à chamada elite; o exame foi ineficiente para produzir prognósticos; o exame não funcionou eficazmente para conter a demanda por educação secundária, infirmando parte da literatura especializada, que via nessa meta a função manifesta do exame; a função latente do exame, no entanto, foi a de legitimar um padrão específico de recrutamento e camuflar a existência de barreiras institucionais no ensino elementar; a mobilidade ascendente, ainda que seletiva, de indivíduos ou de segmentos da população propiciada pelo acesso ao secundário serviu como efeito-demonstração para o crescimento da demanda por escolarização secundária; a regulamentação jurídica do exame não produziu alterações significativas na composição social do ginásio e as estratégias desenvolvidas pelas instituições privadas para contornar sistematicamente esses regulamentos permite entrever limites ao papel repressivo e interventor do Estado da época

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:33:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Henrique Repa.pdf: 7511804 bytes, checksum: 848607b14788c39c05fedc7492626b84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-19 / This study aims to analyze the work done by SESI- Serviço Social da Indústria, as an educational institution concerned with professional development of its clients. The study also attempts to trace students' eventual contribution to social mobility, focusing on the individuals that studied at SESI, Vila Cisper. Interviews with the SESI - Vila Cisper's students, were used as the basis of the study. With the intent of determining the impact the course has made and is still making on students' lives; whether it be personal, social, professional or economical. This report draws on other sources to consummate its findings, such as: law decrees, documents related to professional formation, curriculum and pedagogical references from the SESI net and annual reports published by institutions of whom contribute considerable educational information via the internet. This accumulation of data aided in determining the pedagogical method used by SESI. It also assisted in ascertaining the availability of both human and material resources, how the students' knowledge progressed and the proposed goals in their education. And finally, the students' perception of the education they have received from SESI, in particular, with respect to, their eventual social mobility / Este projeto de pesquisa tem como escopo a análise do trabalho realizado pelo SESI - Serviço Social da Indústria como instituição de ensino voltada ao processo de formação profissional e também a verificação da sua eventual contribuição para a mobilidade social dos seus egressos, particularmente, os que estudaram no SESI Vila Cisper. Utilizou-se, como base de pesquisa, entrevistas realizadas com ex-alunos do SESI- Vila Cisper, com o intuito de colher informações sobre o modo como marcou ou marca a vida desses estudantes, seja no campo pessoal, social, profissional e econômico. Além disso, este trabalho conta como fonte os seguintes documentos: Decretos Leis, Pareceres voltados ao ensino profissional, Referenciais Pedagógicos e Curriculares da Rede SESI, além de relatórios anuais publicados pela instituição, que forneceram os principais pressupostos educacionais da Rede. Procura-se, assim, determinar a proposta pedagógica praticada pelo SESI, os recursos materiais e humanos de que se dispõe para realizá-la, o modo como essa instituição concebe seus alunos, seus familiares e quais os objetivos propostos na formação educacional. Confronta esses itens com a percepção que os alunos egressos têm da formação recebida, em particular no que se refere à sua eventual mobilidade social

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:33:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Tenorio de Almeida.pdf: 384409 bytes, checksum: 6b7d6678712f9c607f8302f82556a2a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-27 / This research analyses the pathway taken by nine black students who, from 1935 to 1964, joined at Medicine School Of the University of São Paulo, having concluded the medicine course. It emphasizes the opposition to the invisibility suffered by black people in the brasilian historiography which does not have concerned the presence and experience of black students in educational and academic institutions during the twentieth Century. The Medicine and Surgery School of São Paulo, created in 1913, represented to the local economic elite a milestone to the modernization of São Paulo City, being its diploma a significative document of study and professional success , representing a high degree of social distinction to whom took it. Based on analysis of student files, the pathways are investigated in order to verify for what ways and with what difficults these students took access to the Medicine School. It is considered as a relevant historical factor in the analysis, the increase of the opportunities of access to the secondary school and high education occured in that period, which changes its social composition. This research takes as references the concepts developed by Barth, of ethnicity or ethnic identity, constituteds through the interaction among groups from exclusion and inclusion process; and by Bourdieu, of social space, which approaches the homologies between the educational practices and social system / Nesta pesquisa são analisadas as trajetórias escolares de nove alunos negros que, entre os anos de 1935 e 1964, ingressaram na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo e concluíram o curso médico. Investe-se na contraposição à invisibilidade dos negros na historiografia da educação brasileira, que tem desconsiderado a presença e a experiência de estudantes negros em instituições escolares e acadêmicas ao longo do século XX. A Faculdade de Medicina e Cirurgia de São Paulo, criada em 1913, representou para a elite econômica local um marco na modernização da cidade de São Paulo, sendo o seu diploma um documento significativo de sucesso escolar e profissional, que representava um grau elevado de distinção social aos seus possuidores. Mediante análise de prontuários, investigam-se as trajetórias escolares desses alunos a fim de verificar por quais percursos e com que dificuldades tiveram acesso à Faculdade de Medicina. É considerado como fator histórico relevante na análise, o aumento das oportunidades de acesso ao nível secundário e superior ocorrida no período, o que alterou sua composição social. Tomam-se como referenciais os conceitos de Barth sobre etnia ou identidade étnica, constituídos na interação entre grupos sociais mediante processos de exclusão e inclusão; e de Bourdieu sobre espaço social, que trata das homologias entre as práticas escolares e o sistema social

Considérant le contexte brésilien de la première décennie du XXI siècle, d’intense mobilité sociale, on cherche vérifier dans quelles mesures tels mouvements de mobilité se sont fait présents entre les jeunes agriculteurs familiaux, en délimitant comme champ empirique pour cet étude la commune de São Lourenço do Sul – RS. Ainsi, on étabilit comme objectif principal de cette thèse l’analyse les dynamiques de mobilité sociale entre les jeunes agriculteurs familiaux, à partir du plan des individus, en consideránt leurs families comme unités analytiques. On cherche, donc, dans les parcours intergénérationales parcourus par les families de ces jeunes, soit vérifier les mouvements des mobilités social qui ont eu lieu, soit comprendre les éléments qui ont contribué à sa concrétisation. Pour repérer la construction de cette thèse on se sert du référentiel théorique proposé par Archer (1998), a partir duquel la réalité sociale es conçue selon trois temporalités différents, interdépendantes entre soi, mais qui permettent l’analyse indépendante de chacune d’elles, en définissant comme contexte d’immersion sociale des jeunes – antérieur à l’action – aussi bien les mouvements de mobilité social qui ont eu lieu dans le pays pendant la première décennie du XXI siècle, au plan macro, que se parcours intergénérationnels, au plan micro ; en ce qui concerne la portée des interactions – simultanées à l’action – des différents types et formats de relations sociales établis par les acteurs ont été analysés, à l’intérieur et à l’exterieur des ses unités de production. Finalment, pour aborder la troisième temporalité, de l’élaboration des structures – en ce qui concerne le futur -, on s’est adressé aux projets des jeunes comme des anticipations présents d’un avenir désiré, bornés par l’interméde de la réflexivité. A fin de réaliser cette analyse les jeunes ont été séparés on trois groupes distincts, en observant que le point de repère principal pour la mobilité ascendante entre les jeunes de families plus aisées a été l’acquisition de propriétés ; entre les jeunes des familles moins aisées le principal aspect a été la croinssance des garçons ; puisqu’ils ajoutent la main d’oeuvre à la famile ; finalement, entre les jeunes de familles marginalisées on n’a pas remarqué des dynamiques significatives de mobilité, car les générations actuelles possèdent des conditions aussi précaries que les anteriéures. A la fin, on observe que, d’une façon géneral, les dynamiques de mobilité sociale ascendante que ont caractérisé le pays au cours de la première décennie du XXI siècle ont été également remarqués entre les familes des jeunes agriculteurs familiaux interviewés. / Considerando-se o contexto brasileiro da primeira década do século XXI, de intensa mobilidade social, busca-se verificar em que medida tais dinâmicas de mobilidade se fizeram presentes entre os jovens agricultores familiares, definindo-se como campo empírico para o estudo o município de São Lourenço do Sul – RS. Assim sendo, estabelece-se como objetivo principal da tese a análise das dinâmicas de mobilidade social entre os jovens agricultores familiares, a partir do plano dos indivíduos, tomandose as famílias dos jovens como unidade analítica. Busca-se, então, nas trajetórias intergeracionais percorridas pelas famílias dos jovens tanto verificar as dinâmicas de mobilidade social ocorridas quanto compreender os elementos que contribuíram com sua concretização. Para balizar a construção desta tese utiliza-se o referencial teórico proposto por Archer (1998), a partir do qual a realidade social é concebida a partir de três diferentes temporalidades, interdependentes entre si, mas que permitem a análise independente de cada uma delas, definindo-se como contexto de imersão social dos jovens – anterior à ação - tanto as dinâmicas de mobilidade social ocorridas no país durante a primeira década do século XXI, num plano macro, quanto suas trajetórias intergeracionais, em plano micro; já no âmbito das interações – simultâneas à ação – foram analisados os diferentes tipos e formatos de relações sociais estabelecidas pelos atores, no interior e exterior de suas unidades de produção. Finalmente, para tratar da terceira temporalidade, da elaboração das estruturas - referente ao futuro -, abordaramse os projetos dos jovens como antecipações presentes de um futuro desejado, mediados pela reflexividade. Para realizar a análise os jovens foram separados em três grupos distintos, observando-se que o marco principal para a mobilidade social ascendente entre os jovens de famílias mais capitalizadas foi a aquisição de propriedades; entre os jovens de famílias descapitalizadas o aspecto principal foi o crescimento dos filhos homens, que agregaram mais mão de obra à família; finalmente, entre os jovens de famílias marginalizadas, não se observaram dinâmicas significativas de mobilidade, pois as gerações atuais possuem condições tão precárias quanto as anteriores. Ao final, observa-se que, de um modo geral, as dinâmicas de mobilidade social ascendente que caracterizaram o país ao longo da primeira década do século XXI também foram observadas entre as famílias dos jovens agricultores familiares entrevistados. / Considering the Brazilian context of the first decade of this century, the intense social mobility, it seeks to ascertain to what extent such mobility dynamic were present among the young farmers, defining itself as the empirical field of the study the municipality of São Lourenço do Sul - RS. Therefore, establishing itself as the main objective of the thesis analyse the dynamics of social mobility among young farmers, from the plane of the individuals, taking the families of young people as analytical unit. Search, so, is the intergenerational trajectories traversed by families of young people both verify the dynamics of social mobility occurred as understanding the elements that contributed to its realization. To mark the construction of this thesis uses the theoretical framework proposed by Archer (1998), from which social reality is conceived from three different temporalities, interdependent, but which allow independent analysis of each of them, it defining itself as context for social embeddedness of youth - before the action - both the dynamics of social mobility occurred in the country during the first decade of this century, a macro level, as their intergenerational trajectories in micro level, already in the context of interactions - simultaneous action – was analyzed the different types and formats of social relations established by the actors, inside and outside of their production units. Finally, to treat the third temporality, of the elaboration of structures – relative to future – was approached projects of young people as gifts anticipations of a desired future, mediated by reflexivity. To perform the analysis, the young were separated into three groups, noting that the main landmark for upward social mobility among young of the capitalized families was the property acquisition; among young families without capital the main aspect was the growth sons, which added more manpower to the family, and finally among young of the marginalized families, there were no significant dynamic of the mobility, because the current generations have poor condition such as the previous ones. Finally, we observe that, in general, the dynamics of upward mobility that characterized the country during the first decade of this century were also observed among families of young farmers interviewed.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-12-07T11:14:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Wellington da Silva de Barros.pdf: 4150051 bytes, checksum: 662d4b88841e66cd1211d5e836bb8f70 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-07T11:14:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wellington da Silva de Barros.pdf: 4150051 bytes, checksum: 662d4b88841e66cd1211d5e836bb8f70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Fundação São Paulo - FUNDASP / The research that follows this thesis had as objective to analyze the relationship between human mobility (immigration and refuge) and religious pluralism based on the religious dynamics of the Scalabrinian Mission Our Lady of Peace (Peace Mission), located in the city of São Paulo. In the Peace Mission the religious dynamics have as a goal the integration of immigrants and refugees from the respect to religious otherness that favors and makes fruitful the processes of approximation mediated by the spaces and actions of the institution. We analyze the religious dynamics developed by this institution, we use the concepts of alterity of the philosopher and historian Enrique Dussel, and of the interculturality of the philosopher Raul Fournet-Betancourt. We understand that the main challenge for interreligious dialogue today is the promotion of human life and the building of peace between religions and, therefore, we present the Catholic perspectives on religions with their advances and limits. The current theological position of the Catholic Church on religions is insufficient in view of the current challenges of interreligious dialogue. The hypothesis that guided this research is that the epistemology of suffering can be the basis for probable and desirable advances in the Catholic perspectives on religions. The inspiration of this epistemology emerged from the practice of welcoming immigrants and refugees developed by the Peace Mission. One of the conclusions of this research is that the present suffering in the lives of immigrants and refugees is a privileged locus for interreligious dialogue considering the irreducible autonomy of the subjects involved and the probable reciprocity between the alterities involved / A pesquisa subjacente a esta tese teve por objetivo analisar a relação entre a mobilidade humana (imigração e refúgio) e o pluralismo religioso a partir das dinâmicas religiosas da Missão Scalabriniana Nossa Senhora da Paz (Missão Paz), localizada na cidade de São Paulo. Na Missão Paz as dinâmicas religiosas visam à integração dos imigrantes e refugiados a partir do respeito à alteridade religiosa que favorece e torna fecundos os processos de aproximação mediada pelos espaços e ações da instituição. Analisamos as dinâmicas religiosas desenvolvidas por essa instituição, utilizamos os conceitos de alteridade do filósofo e historiador Enrique Dussel, e de interculturalidade do filósofo Raul Fournet-Betancourt. Entendemos que o principal desafio para o diálogo inter-religioso nos dias atuais é a promoção da vida humana e a construção da paz entre as religiões e, por isso, apresentamos as perspectivas católicas sobre as religiões com seus avanços e limites. A atual postura teológica da sobre as religiões se mostra insuficiente diante dos desafios atuais do diálogo inter-religioso. A hipótese que orientou esta pesquisa é a de que a epistemologia do sofrimento pode fundamentar prováveis e desejáveis avanços nas perspectivas católicas sobre as religiões. A inspiração desta epistemologia surgiu a partir da prática de acolhida aos imigrantes e refugiados desenvolvida pela Missão Paz. Uma das conclusões desta pesquisa é que o sofrimento presente na vida dos imigrantes e refugiados é um locus privilegiado para o diálogo inter-religioso considerando a autonomia irredutível dos sujeitos envolvidos e a provável reciprocidade entre as alteridades envolvidas

<p>The purpose of this thesis has been to describe and explain why wholesalers in Stockholm during the eighteenth century acted as they did. This analysis is built on the idea that peoples’ possibilities to act depends on the context in which they live and the person’s network. The starting-point for the analysis is an old discussion if the merchants made any difference in the transformation of society; were they a dynamic element or not? </p><p>In this thesis wholesalers’ social and economic relations are studied from different viewpoints: how they married, how their credit network was built up, and what they consumed. The wholesalers are divided into groups depending on their income. The materials used are inventories, parish registers, registers of tax-payments and biographical books.</p><p>The research shows that the differences in behaviour were small between the income groups. Most of the wholesalers married daughters of other merchants, they lent money to their own family, and they consumed more or less in the same way. There was a big economic gap between the wealthiest wholesalers and the less wealthy. Why their behaviour was nonethless so homogenous depended on their need of a network. The importance of this made them act the same.</p><p>However, the study shows one group that acted a bit differently, wholesalers who belonged to the German congregation. In several ways they were an association in themselves. And the way they act can described as dynamic. Because they did not have an obligation to the Swedish network, they could act differently. </p>

The purpose of this thesis has been to describe and explain why wholesalers in Stockholm during the eighteenth century acted as they did. This analysis is built on the idea that peoples’ possibilities to act depends on the context in which they live and the person’s network. The starting-point for the analysis is an old discussion if the merchants made any difference in the transformation of society; were they a dynamic element or not? In this thesis wholesalers’ social and economic relations are studied from different viewpoints: how they married, how their credit network was built up, and what they consumed. The wholesalers are divided into groups depending on their income. The materials used are inventories, parish registers, registers of tax-payments and biographical books. The research shows that the differences in behaviour were small between the income groups. Most of the wholesalers married daughters of other merchants, they lent money to their own family, and they consumed more or less in the same way. There was a big economic gap between the wealthiest wholesalers and the less wealthy. Why their behaviour was nonethless so homogenous depended on their need of a network. The importance of this made them act the same. However, the study shows one group that acted a bit differently, wholesalers who belonged to the German congregation. In several ways they were an association in themselves. And the way they act can described as dynamic. Because they did not have an obligation to the Swedish network, they could act differently.

Background: A boy child born in a Gothenburg suburb has a life expectancy that is nine years shorter than that of another child just 23 km away, and among girls the difference is five years. There is no necessary biological reason to this observed difference. In fact, like life length, most diseases follow a social gradient, even in a country like Sweden where many believe there is no class inequity. This social inequity in health tells us that some of us are not achieving our potential in health or in life length compared to our more fortunate fellow citizens. Aim: This thesis attempts to explore the patterns of health inequities and the pathways by which health inequities develop from a life course and gender perspective. In particular focuses on the importance of material, behavioural, health related and psychosocial circumstances from adolescence to adulthood in explaining social inequity in musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), obesity, smoking, and social mobility. Method: All four papers of this thesis were based on quantitative analyses of data from a 14-year follow-up study. The baseline survey was conducted in 1981 in Luleå, Sweden. The survey included all 16-year-old pupils born in 1965. A total of 1081 pupils (575 boys and 506 girls) were surveyed. They were followed up at ages 18, 21 and 30 years with comprehensive self-administered questionnaires. The response rate was 96.5% throughout the 14-year follow-up. In addition to the questionnaires data, school records, and interviews with nurse and teachers’ were used. Results: There were no class or gender differences in MSDs and in obesity during adolescence, but significantly more girls than boys were smokers. Class and gender differences had emerged when they reached adulthood with more women reporting to have MSDs but more men being overweight and obese. Women continued to be smokers at a higher rate than men through to adulthood. When an intersection between class and gender was considered, a more complex picture emerged. For example, not all women had higher prevalence of MSDs or smoked more than men, rather men with high socioeconomic position (SEP) had lower prevalences of MSDs and smoking than women with high SEP; and these high SEP women had lower prevalences than men with low SEP. The worst-off group was women with low SEP. The obesity pattern was quite the contrary, where women with high SEP had a lower prevalence of obesity than women with low SEP; and these low SEP women had a lower prevalence than men with high SEP. The worst-off group was men with low SEP. Regarding social mobility, health status (other than height in women) and ethnic background were not associated with mobility either for men or women. The results indicated that unequal distribution of material, psychosocial, health and health related behavioural factors during adolescence, young adulthood and adulthood accounted for the observed social gradients and social mobility. However, several factors from adolescence appeared to be more important for women while recent factors were more important for men. Important adolescent factors for social inequity and downward mobility were: unfavourable material circumstances defined as low SEP of parent, unemployed family member, and had no own room during upbringing; unfavourable psychosocial circumstances defined as parental divorce, poor contact with parents, being less liked in school, and low school control; and poor health related behaviour defined as smoking and physical inactivity. Among these factors, being less liked in school showed consistent association with all outcome measures of this thesis. Being less liked by the teachers and students was found to be more common among adolescents whose parents had low SEP. Men and women who were less liked in school during their adolescence were more likely as adults to be smokers, obese (only women), and downwardly mobile. The dominant adult life factor that contributed to class inequity in MSDs for men and women was physical heavy working conditions, which attributed to an estimated 46.9% (women) and 49.5% (men) of the increased risk in MSDs of the lower SEP group. High alcohol consumption among men with low SEP was an additional factor that contributed to class inequities in health and social mobility. Conclusion: Social patterning of health in this cohort was gendered and age specific depending on the outcome measures. Unfavourable school environment in early years had long lasting negative influence on later health, health behavior and SEP. The thesis supports the notion of accumulation of risk that social inequities in health occurs due to accumulation of multiple adverse circumstances among the lower SEP group throughout their life course. Schools should be used as a setting for interventions aimed at reducing socioeconomic inequities in health. The detailed policy implications for reduction of social inequities in health among men and women are discussed.

L'organització del treball artesà de les societats preindustrials en gremis o confraries d'ofici semblava reforçar les tesis que postulaven la rigidesa i la immobilitat de les societats d'Antic Règim. Però, els pocs treballs realitzats a Catalunya sobre les estratègies familiars adoptades pels menestrals han apuntat que la transmissió intergeneracional de l'ofici i les estratègies matrimonials dirigides a casar-se amb membres del mateix entorn professional potser no es donaven d'una manera tan general com la historiografia havia subratllat. Aquestes haurien estat dues de les fórmules seguides per les famílies menestrals a fi de preservar un patrimoni força eteri en un marc econòmic ple d'incerteses i serien les responsables de la imatge de societats estàtiques o poc mòbils. Respondre aquestes dues qüestions és el punt de partida d'aquest treball. Per dur-lo a terme s'han analitzat les estratègies familiars dels menestrals d'un centre urbà català, Mataró, entre els segles XVII i XIX. / La organización del trabajo artesanal de las sociedades preindustriales en gremios o cofradías de oficio parecía reforzar las tesis que postulaban la rigidez y la inmovilidad de las sociedades de Antiguo Régimen. Pero, los pocos trabajos sobre las estrategias familiares seguidas por las familias menestrales basados en Cataluña, han apuntado como la transmisión intergeneracional del oficio y las estrategias matrimoniales dirigidas a casarse con miembros del mismo entorno profesional, quizá no se daban tan extensiblemente como siempre había subrayado la historiografía. Éstas habrían estado dos de las fórmulas seguidas por las familias menestrales para preservar un patrimonio bastante etéreo en un marco económico lleno de incertidumbre y serian las responsables de la imagen de sociedades estáticas o poco móviles. Responder a estas dos preguntas es el punto de partida de este estudio. Para ello, se han analizado las estrategias familiares de los menestrales de un centro urbano catalán, Mataró, entre los siglos XVII y XIX. / The organization of the home-produced work in pre-industrial societies in guilds or brotherhoods seemed to reassert the thesis which postulates the rigidity and immovability of societies during the Old Regime. But the few jobs done in Catalonia about the familiar strategies adopted by artisans, have pointed out that the intergenerational transmission of professions and marriage strategies in order to get married to members from the same professional area was not as usual as the historiography had shown. These strategies had been two of the ways followed by families of artisans in order to preserve an ethereal patrimony in an economical setting full of uncertainties, and they would be the responsible of the static and immovable societies. The aim of this study is to answer these two questions. In order to do so, familiar strategies of artisans from Mataró, an urban Catalan settlement during the XVIIth-XIXth centuries, have been analysed.