Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore the organizational culture within the corporation The Body Shop. I have been working with two different question formulations. The first is to answer how the culture can be described. To answer this I have been using Edgar H. Scheins theory of cultural levels. I have been using the two lower levels, artifacts and espoused values. The second question formulation is to answer how the culture within The Body Shop can be reproduced. To my help to answer this I have been using John Van Maanens theory of strategies for socialization. I have been working with a qualitative approach. My data was collected through interviews, observations, printed texts and The Body Shops Swedish and global websites. My results using Scheins cultural levels points out that the culture within The Body Shop, at least outwards, is strong and distinct. The implementation of Van Maanens strategies of socialization indicates that the socialization of new members in the organization tends to have a high congruence with the organization´s culture and values. / Sammanfattning Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka kulturen inom företaget The Body Shop. Jag har arbetat utifrån två frågeställningar. Den första är att besvara hur kulturen kan beskrivas med hjälp av Edgar H. Scheins kulturnivåer. Den andra frågeställningen är att besvara hur kulturen reproduceras med hjälp av John Van Maanens socialisationsstrategier. Studien har gjorts med en kvalitativ ansats. Det insamlade datamaterialet består av två intervjuer med butikschefer inom The Body Shop, tryckta källor samt företagets svenska och globala hemsidor. Beskrivningen av kulturen inom The Body Shop är gjord utifrån Scheins två första kulturnivåer, artefakter och värderingar. Tillämpningen av Van Maanens socialisations­strategier har visat att kulturen inom The Body Shop reproduceras genom socialisationen av nyanställda butiksmedarbetare. Mina resultat tyder på att The Body Shop utåt sett har en tydlig och stark kultur. Resultaten tyder också på att de sätt man socialiserar nyanställda på medför att dessa genom socialisationen uppnår en hög överensstämmelse med företagets kultur och värderingar.

Abstrakt Bakgrund: Det råder idag en brist på specialistutbildade sjuksköterskor, och många avslutar sin yrkeskarriär inom hälso- och sjukvården p.g.a. ökade stressnivåer. Ett sätt att komma tillrätta med detta kan vara att använda mentorskap för den nyutexaminerade. Det är därför nödvändigt att klarlägga vilka förutsättningar som krävs och även undersöka hur den nyutexaminerade specialistsjuksköterskan synes utvecklas genom mentorskap. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att utifrån den erfarna specialistsjuksköterskans uppfattning beskriva om och hur mentorskapet synes utveckla den nyutexaminerade specialistsjuksköterskan, och vilka förutsättningar som upplevs viktiga för detta mentorskap. Metod: En fallstudie medelst en djupintervju genomfördes med en fenomenografisk ansats, för att få fram den uppfattning av mentorskap som föreligger hos den erfarna specialistsjuksköterskan. Resultat: I resultatet framkommer vikten av att verksamhetsansvariga erbjuder nödvändiga förutsättningar i form av tid, utbildning och kompetens. Genom en ökad socialisering stärks yrkesprofessionen, samtidigt som en lärande miljö skapas i den gemensamma reflektionen. Konklusion: Erfarna specialistsjuksköterskor kan medverka till att den nyutexaminerade på ett så effektivt sätt som möjligt ges möjlighet att både formulera sin nya yrkesprofession och medverka till den socialisering som krävs för att komma in i arbetsgruppen. Det ses också en positiv bieffekt i form av förbättringsarbete utav mentorskapet. / Background: There is current shortage of specialized nurses, and many end their career in health care due to increased stress levels. One way to overcome this may be the use of mentoring for new graduates. In purpose of developing a mentoring program, there is a need to clarify the conditions required for it and examining how the professional role is developed through mentoring. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe experienced specialist nurse's perception if and how mentoring is developing the graduate specialist nurse, and the conditions that are perceived important for this mentoring. Method: A single case study using a deep interview was conducted with a phenomenographic approach, in order to explore the experience of mentoring from the view of the advanced specialist nurse. Results: The result shows the importance of the management providing the necessary conditions in terms of time, training and competence. In the socialization process the strengthening of the professional role was experienced, while providing a learning environment is created in the joint reflection. Conclusion: Experienced specialist nurses can assist the new graduate in the most efficient manner possible given to formulate the new role as a specialist educated nurse and also contribute to the socialization needed to get into the workgroup. A side benefit in terms of quality improvement is also seen out of the mentorship.

The aim of this study is to explore hiphop music as an aspect of youth socialization and the relationship between music creation and identity. The study is conducted through five semi- structured qualitative individual interviews. Our theoretical starting points are Putnam’s (2000) bridging and bonding social capital symbolic interactionism. We also have used a model of learning presented by Fornäs, Lindberg and Sernhedes (1989). In our study it is presented as " model of learning." The study results have shown three important skills. The first conclusion is that involvement in hiphop culture can lead to an alternative learning about the society. Our second conclusion is that the alternative socialization of hiphop leads to integration. A third conclusion is that hiphop leads to a conscious identity.

The study discloses unaccompanied children´s socialization in their new society. The purpose of the study is to investigate how unaccompanied children's schooling is an important factor in their socialization and skills development in their new society. For example, we have chosen to illustrate how their school works and if and whether the teachers receive the support they need in order to help children develop their skills so they can find their way in society. The research is based on three different methods. The first method is based on literature research. The second one is a qualitative method and in doing so we have made use of a semi – structured method of interviewing. This method’s importance lies in how individuals perceive and interpret their social reality. The third method is participant observation, and it is a method that allows observing the interaction while it takes place, and gives us a good opportunity to analyze the role that context plays in people´s actions and attitudes, which results that you get a deeper understanding of the researched phenomenon. The study showed that unaccompanied children´s schooling and skills development are important factors of socialization in their new country. In some interview responses and the literature reviewed, revealed that teachers do not get adequate support from school authorities.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka lagermedarbetares upplevelser och behov av organisationskultur på en specifik arbetsplats. Syftet är även att undersöka chefernas syn på organisationskultur och hur organisationskulturen kan användas som ett verktyg för att främja motivation och trivsel bland de anställda. För att uppfylla detta syfte använder vi oss av följande frågeställningar: - Vilka organisationskulturella aspekter kan vi identifiera i företaget? - Hur påverkar dessa aspekter lagermedarbetarnas motivation och trivsel på arbetsplatsen? Vi använder en kvalitativ undersökningsmetod för insamling av empirisk data. Med hjälp av sociologiska och socialpsykologiska teorier besvarar vi frågeställningarna utifrån sju intervjuer med chefer och lagermedarbetare på ett centrallager i Mellansverige. Resultatet visar att ledningens arbete med de organisationskulturella aspekterna vi identifierat visar likheter med de teorier där organisationskulturen är en del av en ledningsstrategi. Dock upplevs inte dessa kulturella aspekter på samma sätt bland lagermedarbetarna, vilket leder till att motivationen och trivseln på arbetet påverkas negativt. Lagermedarbetarna motiveras av en god sammanhållning och god trivsel, vilket kan främjas genom skapandet av en kultur där ledarna värderar relationer och kommunikation mellan organisationens alla nivåer. / The purpose of this essay is to examine experiences and needs of organizational culture among warehouse employees at a specific workplace. The purpose is also to investigate the managers’ view of organizational culture and if organizational culture can be used as a tool to motivate and promote job satisfaction among warehouse employees. To fulfill this purpose we use the following questions: - Which aspects of organizational culture can we identify within the company? - How do these aspects affect the motivation and job satisfaction of warehouse employees at their workplace? We use a qualitative research method to collect empirical data. Using sociological and social psychology theories we answer the questions based on seven interviews with managers and warehouse employees at a warehouse in central Sweden. The results show that the management’s work with the identified aspects of organizational culture resembles the theories where the organizational culture is seen as a management strategy. However, these cultural aspects are not perceived in the same way by the warehouse employees. This, in turn, has a negative effect on motivation and job satisfaction. The employees are motivated by a strong unity among workers and job satisfaction, which can be promoted through the creation of a culture where leaders value the relationships and communication at all levels of the organization.

Our main purpose in this study was to identify the gender representations in comics and how these are presented to their readers. We focused on how comics, with six to ten year old children as their implied readers, represent male and female roles for identification. We also aimed to investigate differences and similarities in comics addressing boys or girls as implied readers. The study was based on theories on gender, media and children in order to give some explanations to socialization and gendered identity processes in comics implied for young readers. We used qualitative methods, as discourse and semiotics, to analyze the chosen comics. According to these, in society media content also supports the male role as an unaware norm, and that media use during childhood have some effects on our identities as grown ups. The result of our study shows that comics present young readers with stereotypical gender roles of male and female identities in society. The stories main characters are generally represented by men, while women often play the supporting parts to these male leading characters.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att försöka få en inblick i hur viktigt det anses vara att en nyanställd ”matchar” en organisation i form av personlighet och värderingar, snarare än att denne besitter rätt yrkeskunskaper. Syftet är även att utreda om det finns en existerande organisationskultur på ett industriföretag, samt hur genomgående denna kultur verkar vara. Avslutningsvis har författarna försökt utreda hur nya medarbetare socialiseras in i den undersökta organisationens kultur. Resultaten är baserade på tre gruppintervjuer med operativ personal, intervjuer med två personer från organisationens ledningsgrupp, samt intervjuer med två olika rekryteringsföretag. Resultaten pekar på att en ”match” med organisationen upplevs vara viktig när det gäller grundläggande värderingar, men att olika personligheter uppskattas mer än lika egenskaper hos nyanställda. Resultaten tyder även på att socialiseringsprocessen kan ha en större betydelse för en upplevd samstämmighet med organisationen, än vad en tillämpad P-O- fit vid rekryteringen kan tänkas bidra till. / The purpose with this study is to achieve a deeper knowledge and understanding for the perceived importance of using a Person-Organization fit in recruitment. The study also aims to investigate a possible existing organizational culture in an industrial company, and how concistent this culture seems to be throughout the organization. The authors have also tried to gain knowledge on how new employees are indroduced into this culture. The results are based on three group interviews with operational personnel, interviews with two persons from the manegerial group, and interviews with two recruitment firms. The results indicate that a Person-Organization fit is perceived to be important when it comes to some basic values. However, different personalities are more desirable within the investigated organization concerning recruits. Results also indicate that the socialization process, rather than an applied Person-Organization fit, might have a larger significance for a perceived congruence between personal and organizational values.

Människan är en social varelse och socialisering är ett el­e­mentärt och komplex mellan­mäns­k­ligt sam­spel, som först och främst formas i den fa­mil­jära sfären. Då syftet med denna studie har varit att vidga förståelsen kring det sociala fenomenet ondska – började vi vår resa med att distan­sera oss från fenomenet för att istället fokusera på vad som händer i socialiseringens vagga. Det pro­blema­tiskt funna är att människor numera är mer asocialt responslösa än socialt respon­si­va vilket innebär att män­nisk­or mer än någonsin finns för att fungera i härskande sam­­hälle­liga sys­tem än att finnas till för varandra. Och följden, den nutida människan socialiserar och socialiseras in i emotio­nellt lidande och skapar en förträngd medvetenhet som förs vidare från generation till generation, något som i bäs­ta fall leder till ytterligheter. För att fånga den svårligen synliggjorda sociali­serings­for­men, har vi observerat dem som observerar familjer som på något sätt upplevt eller upplever krisartade situationer. Det vill säga, vi har med en tema­tiskt öppen intervju­metod sam­tal­at med so­ci­alarbetare inom samhällets hjälp­an­de ver­k­­­sam­­­heter som möter människor i varierande famil­je­sammansättningar. Med episte­mologisk syn på den vet­en­­skapsteoretiska ansatsen är den dubbla hermeneutiken utvald, dels för att vidgad förståelse är vårt syfte men också för att vi har tolkat det våra observa­törer har tolkat. Det empiriska mate­rialet är analyserat enligt analytisk in­duk­tion och har stöd i teorier om familje- och organisa­tions­kultur, det sociala livets elementära former och be­ty­d­elsen av sociala band.

<p>Despite the prominence of cognitive theories of anxiety disorders, which posit that thoughts can affect the expression of psychopathology, empirical investigation of the origins of such thoughts is scant. In the study of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a number of cognitive factors, deemed obsessive beliefs, have been identified as correlates of the disorder. Although both parenting behaviors and obsessive beliefs have demonstrated associations with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, research exploring the relations between all three of these constructs has been heretofore limited. Moreover, given the moral content of some obsessions and compulsions (e.g. praying, harm prevention techniques), it is possible that specific moral socialization techniques serve to promote obsessive beliefs. This study investigated parenting, obsessive beliefs, moral socialization and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a large non-clinical sample (N=288). Thirty-four students who were measured as relatively high or low on obsessive beliefs subsequently completed an additional procedure in which they were interviewed about moral socialization. Results provided support for a model in which obsessive beliefs served as a mediator of the relations between parenting behaviors and symptom levels. Adding self-conscious emotions to the model as a covariate significantly improved overall fit statistics. With respect to moral socialization, few differences emerged in the moral socialization histories of individuals relatively high or low on obsessive beliefs. However, those in the high obsessive beliefs group were more likely to report relationship-centered discipline (i.e. the parent using damage to the parent-child relationship as a vehicle for punishment) than those in the low obsessive beliefs group.</p> / Dissertation

Race has been considered to serve as a barrier to leisure for most Blacks. Such claims have been based on a few studies many of which are theoretically faulty. This dissertation research attempts to address the current shortcomings of the literature by exploring the relationships between racial socialization, racial identity, saliency, and the free-time choices of Black youth. Using a web-based survey, the relationship between the racial socialization behaviors of parents and development of racial ideologies is described. Findings provide support for the idea that specific race-related behaviors and messages and influence the development of one's racial identity. The results from the web-based survey are also used to test the Salience of Race in Leisure Questionnaire which is intended to determine the extent to which one considers race when selecting free-time activities. Finally, focus groups explore the race-related meanings that youth attach to their free-time activities. Findings provide information about the impact of racial socialization on the beliefs youth develop concerning Black and non-Black activities. In summary, this study provides a starting point for examining socialization and saliency as factors impacting the free-time decisions of Blacks. Much replication, extension and application research will be required to extend findings from current results using student and general population samples. The dissertation is organized in five sections. An introductory section presents the theoretical orientation for research. The second, third, and fourth sections explain the relationship between racial socialization, racial identity and saliency of race, and free-time activities. The final section provides a summary of the key findings of this dissertation.