Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:00:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6092.pdf: 3928591 bytes, checksum: c4b67af56ef48c208861bc63bc08e72d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-05 / The main subject of this dissertation is how a form of suffering, the psychological distress, is constructed and experienced by young college students. The objects of analysis are the practices and discourses that produce psychological distress, as well as ways to overcome this experience. After identifying the importance and recurrence of psychological distress in the development of life experience among these students, I sought to explore the subject through an ethnographic research. Thus, this dissertation begins going deep into some issues raised by students' speech about how it is to suffer psychologically and what relationship this experience has with university life . In this first step I resorted to open interviews with students who had undergone psychotherapeutic processes. At a second moment, the research enters the boundaries of a research institution and university extension affiliated with the SUS ( Unified Health System ), which develops an Extension Project titled Group Therapy University Youth (GTJU). The project created by the School Health Unit (USE) Mental Health Program (PSM) intended to develop therapeutic tactics to help these young people cope with psychological distress, as professionals observed an excessively high demand for this cohort of young people. From this moment on, psychological distress among young college students becomes analyzed through the prism of Public Health. Therefore, the ethnography delves beyond observation and collaboration with the therapeutic groups and the Mental Health Program. Some native categories observed during group therapy and along the meetings of the PSM led me to extend the analysis to the institutional and technical-scientific discourses that guided certain therapeutic practices. Discourses on youth with special attention to youth protagonism and health with its unfoldings about mental health and the concept of vulnerability are articulated to the configuration of a specific type of subject: the citizen. / The main subject of this dissertation is how a form of suffering, the psychological distress, is constructed and experienced by young college students. The objects of analysis are the practices and discourses that produce psychological distress, as well as ways to overcome this experience. After identifying the importance and recurrence of psychological distress in the development of life experience among these students, I sought to explore the subject through an ethnographic research. Thus, this dissertation begins going deep into some issues raised by students' speech about how it is to suffer psychologically and what relationship this experience has with university life . In this first step I resorted to open interviews with students who had undergone psychotherapeutic processes. At a second moment, the research enters the boundaries of a research institution and university extension affiliated with the SUS ( Unified Health System ), which develops an Extension Project titled Group Therapy University Youth (GTJU). The project created by the School Health Unit (USE) Mental Health Program (PSM) intended to develop therapeutic tactics to help these young people cope with psychological distress, as professionals observed an excessively high demand for this cohort of young people. From this moment on, psychological distress among young college students becomes analyzed through the prism of Public Health. Therefore, the ethnography delves beyond observation and collaboration with the therapeutic groups and the Mental Health Program. Some native categories observed during group therapy and along the meetings of the PSM led me to extend the analysis to the institutional and technical-scientific discourses that guided certain therapeutic practices. Discourses on youth with special attention to youth protagonism and health with its unfoldings about mental health and the concept of vulnerability are articulated to the configuration of a specific type of subject: the citizen. / O tema central desta dissertação é como uma dada modalidade de sofrimento, o sofrimento psicológico, é construída e vivida por jovens estudantes universitários. Seus objetos de análise serão as práticas e discursos que produzem o sofrimento psicológico, bem como as formas de superação desta experiência. Após identificar a importância e a recorrência do sofrimento psicológico na construção de uma experiência de vida entre estes estudantes, busquei explorar o tema através de uma pesquisa etnográfica. Assim, esta dissertação se inicia aprofundando algumas questões levantadas pelo discurso dos estudantes a respeito de como é sofrer psicologicamente e qual a relação que esta experiência tem com a vida universitária . Nesta primeira etapa recorri a entrevistas abertas realizadas com estudantes que haviam passado por processos psicoterapêuticos. Num segundo momento, a pesquisa adentra nas fronteiras de uma instituição de pesquisa e extensão universitária filiada ao SUS, na qual se desenvolve um Projeto de Extensão intitulado Grupo Terapêutico Juventude Universitária (GTJU). O Projeto criado pelo Programa de Saúde Mental (PSM) da Unidade Saúde Escola (USE) pretendia desenvolver táticas terapêuticas para auxiliar estes jovens a lidar com o sofrimento psicológico, já que se observara dentre os profissionais uma demanda excessivamente alta para tal coorte de jovens. Deste momento em diante, o sofrimento psicológico entre os jovens universitários passa a ser analisado pelo prisma da Saúde Pública. Portanto, a etnografia se aprofunda para além da observação e da colaboração com os grupos terapêuticos e com o Programa de Saúde Mental. Algumas categorias nativas observadas durante a terapia de grupo e no decorrer das reuniões do PSM me levaram a estender a análise para os discursos institucionais e técnico-científicos que orientavam determinadas práticas terapêuticas. Discursos sobre as juventudes com especial atenção ao protagonismo juvenil e saúde com seus desdobramentos sobre a saúde mental e sobre o conceito de vulnerabilidade são articulados para a configuração de uma modalidade específica de sujeito: o cidadão. / O tema central desta dissertação é como uma dada modalidade de sofrimento, o sofrimento psicológico, é construída e vivida por jovens estudantes universitários. Seus objetos de análise serão as práticas e discursos que produzem o sofrimento psicológico, bem como as formas de superação desta experiência. Após identificar a importância e a recorrência do sofrimento psicológico na construção de uma experiência de vida entre estes estudantes, busquei explorar o tema através de uma pesquisa etnográfica. Assim, esta dissertação se inicia aprofundando algumas questões levantadas pelo discurso dos estudantes a respeito de como é sofrer psicologicamente e qual a relação que esta experiência tem com a vida universitária . Nesta primeira etapa recorri a entrevistas abertas realizadas com estudantes que haviam passado por processos psicoterapêuticos. Num segundo momento, a pesquisa adentra nas fronteiras de uma instituição de pesquisa e extensão universitária filiada ao SUS, na qual se desenvolve um Projeto de Extensão intitulado Grupo Terapêutico Juventude Universitária (GTJU). O Projeto criado pelo Programa de Saúde Mental (PSM) da Unidade Saúde Escola (USE) pretendia desenvolver táticas terapêuticas para auxiliar estes jovens a lidar com o sofrimento psicológico, já que se observara dentre os profissionais uma demanda excessivamente alta para tal coorte de jovens. Deste momento em diante, o sofrimento psicológico entre os jovens universitários passa a ser analisado pelo prisma da Saúde Pública. Portanto, a etnografia se aprofunda para além da observação e da colaboração com os grupos terapêuticos e com o Programa de Saúde Mental. Algumas categorias nativas observadas durante a terapia de grupo e no decorrer das reuniões do PSM me levaram a estender a análise para os discursos institucionais e técnico-científicos que orientavam determinadas práticas terapêuticas. Discursos sobre as juventudes com especial atenção ao protagonismo juvenil e saúde com seus desdobramentos sobre a saúde mental e sobre o conceito de vulnerabilidade são articulados para a configuração de uma modalidade específica de sujeito: o cidadão.

MPH / Department of Public Health / The main entry point for the HIV/AIDS prevention, care and treatment is through HIV Testing Services (HTS). Despite undeniable benefits and increased availability of HIV Testing Services, uptake remains low among students. The aim of this study was to investigate factors contributing to low HIV Testing Services (HTS) among Health Sciences students. Quantitative research method was used to conduct this study. Descriptive quantitative research design was employed. 306 respondents determined by the sample formula were selected through Probability, Systematic sampling technique. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from respondents. Validity was ensured through content and face validity. Reliability in the form of test-retest reliability were ensured through pre-testing the instrument using 31 respondents from the target population. Data collected was analysed using SPSS version 24. Ethical considerations were ensured throughout the study. The findings of the study showed that out of 306 respondents, 44,1% (n=135) of respondents, comprising 30,7% (n=94) of females and 13,4% (n=41) of males had gone for HIV testing. Respondents had adequate knowledge about HIV Testing Services (HTS) and their attitude towards HIV Testing Services (HTS) was favourable. HIV/AIDS-related stigma, fear of potential HIV positive diagnosis, low perception of HIV infection risk and negative attitude of healthcare service providers were attributed to low uptake of HIV Testing Services (HTS) among respondents. There were recommendations for HIV Testing Services (HTS) workshops, education and awareness campaigns emphasizing the benefits and importance of HIV Testing Services (HTS). The use of various forms of media including campus radio and newsletters to promote the uptake of HIV Testing Services (HTS) among university students was also recommended. / NRF

The purpose of this study was to investigate physics undergraduate students’ conceptual change in the concepts of electric potential and energy (EPE) and electromagnetic induction (EMI). Along with this, categorization of students’ conceptions was done based on students’ epistemological and ontological descriptions of these concepts. In addition, the effect of cognitive perturbation using physics interactive simulations (CPS) in relation to cognitive conflict using physics interactive simulations (CCS) was investigated. A pragmatic mixed methods approach was used in a quasi-experimental design. Data were collected by using the modified Diagnostic Exam of Electricity and Magnetism (DEEM), focus group discussions (FGD) and concept maps (CM). Framework analysis was conducted separately on FGD and CM qualitative data to categorize students’ conceptions while concentration analysis was used to categorize students’ responses to the modified DEEM into three levels, during pre and post intervention. In the qualitative results, six categories of alternative conceptions (naive physics, lateral alternative conceptions, ontological alternative conceptions, Ohm’s P-Primes/ P-Primes, mixed conceptions and loose ideas) and two categories of conceptual knowledge (hierarchical and relational) were identified. The alternative conceptions were less frequently and inconsistently revealed within and across the categories. It was concluded that the categories have common characteristics of diversified distribution of alternative conceptions and multiple alternative conceptions of specific concepts within and across the categories. Most of the categories found in pre intervention persisted in post intervention, but with a lesser percentage extensiveness of categories of alternative conceptions in the CPS than in the CCS class and more percentage extensiveness of categories of conceptual knowledge in the CPS than in the CCS class. ANCOVA was separately conducted on the scores of 45 students on the modified DEEM and CM tests to compare the effectiveness of the CCS and CPS. The results showed a significant difference between the two classes of the post test scores on the DEEM test, (1, 36) = 4.66, p=0.04 and similarly, on the CM test, (1, 31) = 8.33, p=0.007. Consequently, it was concluded that there is a statistically significant difference between CPS and CCS in changing students’ alternative conceptions towards scientific conceptions favoring CPS. To characterize and compare students’ conceptual change of both treatment classes, Hake’s average normalized gain <g> from pre to post scores (the modified DEEM and the CM) were analyzed. Finally, it is suggested that in abstract conceptual areas of EM, cognitive perturbation through interactive simulations is more effective than cognitive conflict through interactive simulations in facilitating conceptual change, and, thus, should guide classroom instruction in the area. Furthermore, recommendations are also suggested for guiding future research in this area. / Science and Technology Education / D. Phil. (Mathematics, Science and Technology Education (Physics Education))

The researcher investigated internet usage among students at the University of Nairobi using a quantitative case study method. A questionnaire-based survey was done among 381 students and face-to-face interviews were conducted with the university‟s library staff. The research findings indicate that the students' level of awareness about the internet services offered at the university was high. The students had good basic computer and internet skills; however, they lacked more advanced skills and this negatively affected their use of internet resources. The students used the internet for various purposes, including to study, teach and do research; to communicate; and for social interaction. The major recommendations of the study include providing formal internet training and adequate facilities; implementing a better, inclusive policy on internet use; and better co-ordinated university efforts. Free internet access should be made available to all the university students, if not all members of the university community. / Information Science / M.A. (Information Science)

Framväxten av sociala mediers etablering i samhället har bidragit till att individers dagliga användning har ökat. Det har resulterat i att användarbeteenden har förändrats och att sociala medieplattformar numera kan användas för att främja karriären. En plattform som används för att framställa en professionell identitet inför andra är den sociala nätverksplattformen LinkedIn. Dock har det framkommit att det är svårare för universitetsstudenter att framställa en professionell identitet på plattformen, vilket påverkar möjligheten att bli upptäckt av rekryterare. Studien har därför ämnat att undersöka och skildra mötet i förstadiet av en rekryteringsprocess mellan universitetsstudenter och rekryterare på LinkedIn. Syftet har varit att rama in det förväntade rollagerandet på plattformen och besvara frågeställningen: “Vilka faktorer ligger till grund för universitetsstudenters professionella identitetsskapande i mötet med rekryterare på LinkedIn?”. Studien har av den anledningen tillämpat en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi och utfört sju semistrukturerade intervjuer, varav fyra med universitetsstudenter samt tre med rekryterare. Dessutom har ett teoretiskt ramverk för identitetsskapande tillämpats med syftet att undersöka de faktorer som ligger till grund för universitetsstudenternas professionella identitetsskapande i mötet med rekryterare på LinkedIn. I studiens resultat kunde fyra faktorer identifieras och skildras. Faktorerna är: konstruktion av framställning på front-stage, osäkerhet i framställningen, den idealiserade framställningen samt den sociala normen. Det råder olika uppfattningar mellan rekryterare och universitetsstudenters gällande den professionella framställningen som förväntas av universitetsstudenter och som berör ideal, sociala normer, stigman och okända observatörer på LinkedIn. / The emergence and establishment of social media in society have increased individuals' daily use. As a result, user behaviors have changed, and social media platforms allow individuals to advance their careers. One platform used to present a professional identity is the social networking platform LinkedIn. However, it has appeared to be more difficult for university students to present a professional identity on the platform, which affects the possibility of being discovered by recruiters. Therefore, the study aims to investigate and describe the meeting between university students and recruiters on LinkedIn in the pre-stage of a recruitment process. The purpose has been to frame the expected role-playing on the platform and answer the question: "What factors underlie university students' professional identity creation in the meeting with recruiters on LinkedIn?". For this reason, the study has applied a qualitative research strategy and conducted seven semi-structured interviews, four with university students and three with recruiters. In addition, the study applied a theoretical framework for identity creation. The purpose was to examine the factors that form the foundation of university students' professional identity creation in the meeting with recruiters on LinkedIn. The study identified and described four factors. The factors are the creation of front-stage presentation, uncertainty in the presentation, the idealized presentation, and the social norm. In addition, there are various perceptions between university students and recruiters of the professional presentation expected of university students, which affects the ideals, social norms, stigma, and the unknown audience on LinkedIn.

This master thesis "Undergraduates establishing their families in the context of the family policy in the Czech Republic" offers a new view upon a dilemma of college-educated women within the Czech society in establishing their families - it is focused on the parenthood strategy during the university studies. The thesis provides analysis of both positive and negative aspects of the parenthood decision and it investigates what sort of support is given to the undergraduate mothers in the Czech Republic. Measures that could be introduced to the framework of family policy in order to create suitable conditions for the undergraduates establishing their families during the studies are proposed. Subjective views of seven respondents, describing their life as an undergraduate mothers, are included in the analytical part to help approach the undergraduate parenthood strategy development. The key underlaying basis for this thesis is the assumption that undergraduate parenthood could be a suitable life strategy for a number of women undergraduates, should the government support improve.

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Au Canada, près du tiers des étudiants de niveau postsecondaire souffrent de détresse psychologique (Mackean, 2011), ce qui représente la proportion la plus élevée de tous les groupes d’âge (Baraldi et al., 2015). Bien que des efforts aient été déployés pour aider les étudiants, les établissements d’enseignement supérieur assistent à une augmentation notable de la demande de services psychosociaux et peinent à y répondre. Face à cette situation alarmante, les ateliers KORSA, une intervention de groupe basée sur la thérapie d’acceptation et d’engagement (ACT), ont été implantés dans plusieurs universités et cégeps du Québec afin de promouvoir la santé mentale des étudiants. Les résultats des études réalisées pour évaluer l’efficacité de cette intervention sont prometteurs (Grégoire et al., 2016; Grégoire et al., 2018) et vont dans le même sens que d’autres essais contrôlés randomisés ayant montré que des programmes d’intervention basés sur l’ACT permettent de réduire les symptômes de stress, d’anxiété et de dépression des étudiants (Levin et al., 2017; Muto et al., 2011; Räsänen et al., 2016). Cependant, la plupart de ces études se sont concentrées sur des indicateurs négatifs de santé mentale et n’ont pas exploré les médiateurs de changement qui pourraient expliquer l’efficacité de ce type d’intervention. Afin de pallier ces limites, l’objectif de cette thèse visait à évaluer l’impact des ateliers KORSA sur le bien-être psychologique des étudiants, de même que sur certains de ses déterminants (c.-à-.d. l’auto-compassion, les valeurs intrinsèques et les valeurs extrinsèques) qui n’avaient pas été testés à ce jour. La thèse visait aussi à déterminer si l’auto-compassion et ces valeurs pouvaient agir en tant que médiateurs de changement dans l’efficacité de cette intervention sur le bien-être bien-psychologique. À ces fins, 137 étudiants universitaires ont été recrutés pour participer à un essai contrôlé randomisé de type liste d’attente. Les données ont été recueillies à l’aide de questionnaires auto-rapportés avant et après l’intervention. Dans le premier article de la thèse, l’effet des ateliers KORSA sur l’auto-compassion et le bien-être psychologique (mesuré par la satisfaction de vie et par la présence de sens dans la vie) a été évalué. L’étude visait également à déterminer si l’auto-compassion représentait un médiateur de changement de l’intervention sur ces indicateurs de bien-être. En comparaison avec le groupe contrôle, les résultats ont révélé que l’intervention a permis d’accroître significativement le niveau de satisfaction de vie, de présence de sens dans la vie et d’auto-compassion des participants. Les analyses de médiation ont montré que l’auto-compassion médiait partiellement les effets de l’intervention sur la satisfaction de vie et la présence de sens. Dans le deuxième article de la thèse, l’effet des ateliers KORSA sur l’importance accordée aux valeurs intrinsèques et extrinsèques a été évalué, de même que l’impact de l’intervention sur le niveau de bien-être psychologique des étudiants, mesuré cette fois-ci par l’épanouissement personnel. Le rôle des valeurs comme médiateurs de l’effet des ateliers KORSA sur l’épanouissement personnel a également été examiné. Les résultats ont révélé que les étudiants qui ont participé aux ateliers KORSA ont accordé moins d’importance aux valeurs extrinsèques au terme de l’intervention et ont rapporté un niveau d’épanouissement personnel plus grand, en comparaison aux participants du groupe contrôle. Aucune différence statistiquement significative n’a été observée entre les deux groupes pour les valeurs intrinsèques, possiblement en raison d’un effet plafond. Les analyses de médiation ont montré que l’intervention augmentait significativement l’épanouissement personnel des étudiants via la diminution de l’importance accordée aux valeurs extrinsèques. Les deux études soulignent la pertinence de continuer à offrir les ateliers KORSA en milieu universitaire afin de favoriser le bien-être psychologique des étudiants. Elles mettent également en lumière que le niveau d’auto-compassion des étudiants ainsi que l’importance qu’ils accordent à certaines valeurs représentent des leviers intéressants pour favoriser leur bien-être. / In Canada, nearly one third of postsecondary students experience psychological distress (MacKean, 2011), which represents the highest proportion among all age groups (Baraldi et al., 2015). Although efforts have been made to support students, requests for psychological help have significantly increased over the years, and counselling centers have struggled to respond. To address this alarming situation, the KORSA workshop, a group intervention based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), has been implemented in various postsecondary institutions in Quebec to help promote students’ mental health. Results of studies conducted to evaluate KORSA’s efficacy are promising (Grégoire et al., 2016; Grégoire et al., 2018) and consistent with other randomized controlled trials that have shown that ACT-based interventions help reduce students’ stress, anxiety and depression (Levin et al., 2017; Muto et al., 2011; Räsänen et al., 2016). However, most of these studies have focused on negative indicators of mental health and have rarely explored potential mediators of change that could explain why this type of intervention leads to mental health benefits. To address these limitations, the objective of this thesis was to assess the impact of the KORSA workshop on students’ well-being, as well as on some of its determinants that had not been explored thus far (i.e., self-compassion, intrinsic values and extrinsic values). This thesis also aimed to determine whether self-compassion and values could mediate the benefits of this intervention. To these ends, 137 university students were recruited to participate in a waitlist randomized controlled trial. Data were collected with self-report questionnaires both before and after the intervention. In the first article, we evaluated the effect of the KORSA workshop on self-compassion and psychological well-being (measured by life satisfaction and meaning in life). We also explored whether self-compassion could mediate KORSA’s well-being benefits. Results showed that compared to students on the waitlist, participants in the intervention group reported higher life satisfaction, meaning in life, and self-compassion at post-intervention. Mediation analyses suggested that the intervention indirectly influenced life satisfaction and meaning in life, partly through its positive effect on self-compassion. In the second article, we assessed KORSA’s impact on students’ intrinsic and extrinsic values and on psychological well-being (measured this time by life fulfillment). We also examined whether the importance ascribed to intrinsic and extrinsic values could mediate KORSA’s impact on life fulfillment. Results revealed that KORSA led to a decrease in the importance placed on extrinsic values as well as an increase in life fulfillment, compared to the control group. There was no significant between-condition difference in the importance of IV, possibly due to a ceiling effect. Path analyses revealed that the intervention indirectly influenced life fulfillment through a lower importance placed on extrinsic values. Together, these studies suggest that continuing to offer the KORSA workshop in universities is a worthy avenue to promote students’ psychological well-being. They also highlight that students’ self-compassion and the importance they ascribe to some values represent interesting mechanisms involved in the promotion of well-being.

[ES] El rápido ascenso de TikTok en el ranking de redes sociales, especialmente entre los jóvenes, representa un desafío para las universidades españolas en su comunicación con la Generación Z. Esta investigación revisa la literatura existente, analiza 3383 vídeos de TikTok publicados por 21 cuentas universitarias de lengua hispana en dos periodos consecutivos -2021-2022 y 2022-2023-, extrae información sobre el modo en que las universidades realizan esta comunicación en TikTok y estudia las correlaciones estadísticas existentes entre las diferentes variables estudiadas. A partir de los hallazgos, se propone una guía de uso que enfatiza el aumento del engagement o de la visibilidad de la marca y pretende servir de utilidad para la comunicación universitaria en TikTok. / [CA] El ràpid ascens de TikTok en el rànquing de xarxes socials, especialment entre els joves, representa un desafiament per a les universitats espanyoles en la seva comunicació amb la generació Z. Aquesta recerca revisa la literatura existent, analitza 3383 vídeos de TikTok publicats per 21 comptes universitaris de llengua hispana en dos períodes consecutius -2021-2022 i 2022-2023-, extreu informació sobre el mode en què les universitats realitzen aquesta comunicació en TikTok i estudia les correlacions estadístiques existents entre les diferents variables estudiades. A partir de les troballes, es proposa una guia d'ús que emfatitza l'augment del engagement o de la visibilitat de la marca i pretén servir d'utilitat per a la comunicació universitària en TikTok. / [EN] The rapid rise of TikTok in the ranking of social networks, especially among young people, represents a challenge for Spanish universities in their communication with generation Z. This research reviews the existing literature, analyzes 3383 TikTok videos posted by 21 Spanish-language university accounts in two consecutive periods -2021-2022 and 2022-2023-, extracts information on how universities perform this communication on TikTok and studies the existing statistical correlations between the different variables studied. Based on these findings, a usage guide is proposed that emphasizes the increase in engagement or brand visibility and aims to serve as a useful guide for university communication on TikTok. / Torrente Martínez, MJ. (2025). Análisis del uso de la red social TikTok en la comunicación universitaria de España y Latinoamérica [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/214448