С развитием цифровых технологий традиционная система ведения бизнеса была разрушена, и сейчас многие компании больше, чем когда-либо, должны реагировать на цифровизацию. Цифровая трансформация привносит инновации не только в поставку продукта, но и в то, как сегодня ведется бизнес. Очевидно, что пандемия COVID-19 изменила нашу жизнь, и можно точно сказать, что деловая деятельность и бизнес-модели в той или иной форме подверглись цифровой трансформации в связи с пандемией COVID-19. Основной целью данной исследовательской работы было определить, как цифровая трансформация, вызванная пандемией, изменила бизнес-модель выбранной компании в Екатеринбурге, Россия, уточнить определение цифровой трансформации, проанализировать структурированный подход к цифровой трансформации, а также подход, этапы, деятельность и результаты. Поскольку выбранная компания работает в сфере развлечений, данная исследовательская работа представляет собой тематическое исследование. Основные виды деятельности и элементы бизнес-модели выбранной компании до и во время пандемии будут определены с помощью Business Model Canvas, а подход компании к цифровой трансформации будет изучен и проанализирован, чтобы дать дальнейшие рекомендации для других компаний, стремящихся улучшить или изменить свою бизнес-модель посредством цифровизации из-за пандемии COVID-19. Знания, полученные в данном исследовании, показывают, как цифровая трансформация изменила/улучшила бизнес-модель выбранной компании. Выводы данной исследовательской работы предназначены в основном для других компаний, которые рассматривают возможность цифровизации. / With the evolution of digital technologies, the traditional system of doing business has been fractured and many companies now more than ever must react to digitalization. The digital transformation brings innovation not only into the delivery of the product but to the way businesses are conducted nowadays. It is evident that the COVID-19 pandemic has changed our lives, and it is accurate to say that business activities and business models have undergone some form of digital transformation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The main goal of this research paper was to identify how the digital transformation that was caused by the pandemic has changed the business model of a selected company in Yekaterinburg, Russia, clarify the definition of digital transformation, analyze the structured approach to digital transformation as well as the approach, phases, activities, and results. Because the selected company is operating in the entertainment sector, this research paper is a case study. The basic activities and elements of the business models of the selected company, before and during the pandemic will be identified using the Business Model Canvas, and the company’s approach to digital transformation will be examined and analyzed, in other to make further recommendations for other companies looking to improve or change their business model through the digitization because of COVID-19 pandemic. The knowledge gained in this research shows how the digital transformation changed/improve the business model of the selected company. The conclusions of this research paper are mainly for other companies that are considering their digitalization.

Тренд на цифровизацию экономики существенно меняет экономическую реальность, проникая во все бизнес-процессы компаний. В мировой спортивной индустрии внедрение новейших цифровых инструментов связано, как правило, с повышением качества методик тренировочного процесса, передового анализа разнообразных спортивных показателей. Также цифровизация позволяет упросить процесс организации спортивных мероприятий, взаимодействие с участниками соревнований, в том числе в виртуальном пространстве. На сегодняшний день внедрение цифровых инструментов в сфере физической культуры и спорта в России развито слабо. Несмотря на повсеместную цифровизацию экономики, большая часть спортивных организаций не торопятся внедрять цифровые инструменты. Проблема медленной цифровой трансформации спортивной сферы актуальна по причине непонимания позитивных эффектов такой трансформации и сомнений в их экономической целесообразности. Цель работы – разработка и оценка эффективности проекта цифровой трансформации спортивного клуба «Kwon». Практическая значимость заключается в возможности применения разработанного проекта цифровизации в практике других спортивных клубов, а также последующем масштабировании полученных результатов на различных уровнях: от регионального до федерального. / The trend towards the economy digitalization significantly changes the economic reality, penetrating into all business processes of companies. In the global sports industry, the introduction of the latest digital tools is usually associated with improving the quality of training methods, advanced analysis of various sports indicators. Digitalization also makes it possible to simplify the process of organizing sports events, interaction with participants of competitions, including in virtual space. Nowadays, the introduction of digital tools in the field of physical culture and sports in Russia is poorly developed. Despite the widespread digitalization of the economy, most sports organizations are in no hurry to introduce digital tools. The problem of slow digital transformation of the sports sphere is relevant due to a lack of understanding of the positive effects of such transformation and doubts about their economic feasibility. The purpose of the work is to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of the digital transformation project of the sports club “Kwon”. The practical significance lies in the possibility of applying the developed digitalization project in the practice of other sports clubs, as well as the subsequent scaling of the results obtained at various levels: from regional to federal.

В работе проведён комплексный анализ информационного сопровождения процесса принятия решения о покупке образовательных онлайн-продуктов дополнительного профессионального образования (ДПО) в интернет-среде. Рассмотрены существующие модели принятия решения о покупке и их развитие, определена сущность информационного сопровождения и факторы цифровой среды, влияющие на процесс покупки. Методом экономико-статистического анализа определены характеристики онлайн-рынка образовательных продуктов и тенденции его развития. С помощью информативно-целевого анализа изучен опыт информационного сопровождения лидеров рынка, а так же определены потребительские предпочтения в организации информационного сопровождения методом глубинных интервью. Результатом работы является усовершенствованная модель принятия решения о покупке образовательного продукта уровня ДПО с учётом особенностей информационного сопровождения в современной интернет-среде, проверенная методом A/B-тестирования. Результаты исследования могут широко применяться при построении маркетинговых и коммуникационных стратегий создателями образовательных продуктов и рекламными агентствами. / The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the informational support of the decision-making process on the purchase in EdTech market. The author considered existing models of customer decision-making process, the definition of informational support and digital era factors that influence a decision-making process. The economic and statistical analysis was held to measure the EdTech market. The author applied an informative and targeted analysis to define how market leaders organize informational support. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted to determine consumer preferences. The result of the work is an improved model of decision-making on the purchase of an educational product on the EdTech market. The model was tested with the A/B-testing method. The results of the study can be widely used in the development of marketing and communication strategies both by EdTech product owners, and advertising agencies.

В исследовании предложено обоснование развитие методического обеспечения оценки экономической эффективности и анализа рисков инвестиционных проектов применительно к особенностям проектов по цифровизации бизнес-процессов промышленного предприятия. Разработан алгоритм оценки экономической эффективности инвестиционных проектов (применена теория нечетких множеств с введением формулы расчета обобщенного показателя желательности проекта). / The study proposes a justification for the development of methodological support for assessing economic efficiency and risk analysis of investment projects in relation to the specifics of projects for the digitalization of business processes of an industrial enterprise. An algorithm for evaluating the economic efficiency of investment projects has been developed (the theory of fuzzy sets has been applied with the introduction of a formula for calculating a generalized indicator of the project's desirability).

Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht die digitalen Transformationen in der Arbeitswelt und die daraus resultierenden Anforderungen an die Intraorganisatorische Online-Zusammenarbeit (IOC). Vor dem Hintergrund der dynamischen VUCA-Welt wird die Notwendigkeit hervorgehoben, die IOC-Fähigkeiten von Organisationen ganzheitlich zu bewerten und zu verbessern. Als zentrale wissenschaftliche Beiträge werden ein umfassender Anforderungskatalog für IOC-Steuerungsinstrumente dokumentiert und angewendet, die IOC-Literatur durch die systematische Aufarbeitung von 334 wissenschaftlichen Publikationen synthetisiert und deren Erfolgsfaktoren kategorisiert. Zudem wird ein IOC-Reifegradmodell mit domänenrelevanten Fähigkeiten und einer Entwicklungsstrategie vorgestellt. Der DEDAC-Reifegradmodell-Rahmen stellt einen domänenunabhängigen konzeptuellen Ansatz zur Verbesserung der Reifegradmodell-Praktikabilität dar, ergänzt durch Richtlinien für die Gestaltung von Delphi-Studien zur Reifegradmodell-Entwicklung. Aus praktischer Perspektive bietet die Arbeit einen Anforderungskatalog für IOC-Steuerungsinstrumente, eine systematische Übersicht über IOC-Erfolgsfaktoren, eine Kategorisierung und einen Reifepfad für das Management von IOC. Der DEDAC-Reifegradmodell-Rahmen dient zudem als Ansatz zur Steuerung und kontinuierlichen Verbesserung von IOC und anderen Bereichen. Trotz der umfangreichen Beiträge gibt es Limitationen, insbesondere die fehlende weitere Evaluierung des DEDAC-Reifegradmodell-Rahmens und die fehlende praktische Anwendung des IOC-Reifegradmodell-Prototyps in Organisationen. Zukünftige Forschungen könnten sich auf die Anwendung und Evaluation des IOC-Reifegradmodell-Prototyps in realen Organisationen konzentrieren, die Anpassungsfähigkeit an die Organisation untersuchen und den Reifepfad dynamisieren.

KPMG has recognized that large manufacturing corporates in Sweden are experiencing impaired growth possibilities and have therefore started to turn to startups to help with innovation. Corporates have traditionally focused on growth through product improvement or market expansion but have recently started to shift their focus to acquisitions and partnerships with high potential startups. However, since there are many differences between corporates and startups the collaboration can be difficult to handle, especially when it comes to integration. This study aims to investigate what types of startups large corporates are currently looking to collaborate with and to create a practical framework that can act as a guide to increase the chance of successfully integrating a startup into a corporate's operations. This study is a qualitative study that examines several Swedish manufacturing companies by delving into their specific cases. A thematic analysis, document and literature review is presented, and the results indicate that Swedish manufacturing corporates want startups with technologies that boost digital transformation (AI, IoT, digital twins) to increase predictability, traceability, and optimization. They also want to increase sustainability initiatives in terms of both technologies and materials. This is followed by a framework for how a successful corporate-startupintegration should be done. The results from the study contribute to the work of improving collaboration between startups and corporates and the results from this study can help create economic benefits, promote social sustainability, and address environmental challenges more effectively. / KPMG har uppmärksammat att stora tillverkningsföretag i Sverige upplever försämrade tillväxtmöjligheter och har därför börjat vända sig till startups för att få hjälp med innovation. Företag har traditionellt fokuserat på tillväxt genom produktförbättringar eller marknadsexpansion, men har nyligen börjat skifta fokus till förvärv och partnerskap med startups med hög potential. Då det finns stora skillnader mellan stora företag och startups kan samarbetet vara svårt att hantera, särskilt när det gäller integration. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka vilka typer av startups som stora företag vill samarbeta med och att skapa ett praktiskt ramverk som kan fungera som en guide för att öka chansen att framgångsrikt integrera ett startup i företagets verksamhet. Denna studie är en kvalitativ studie som undersöker flera svenska tillverkningsföretag. En tematisk analys, dokument- och litteraturgranskning presenteras, och resultaten indikerar att svenska tillverkningsföretag vill ha startups med teknik som främjar digital transformation (AI, IoT, digitala tvillingar) för att öka förutsägbarhet, spårbarhet och optimering. De vill också öka hållbarhetsinitiativen när det gäller både teknik och material. Detta följs av ett ramverk för hur en framgångsrik integration mellan företag och startups bör gå till. Resultaten från studien bidrar till arbetet med att förbättra samarbetet mellan startups och företag och resultaten från denna studie kan bidra till att skapa ekonomiska fördelar, främja social hållbarhet och hantera miljöutmaningar mer effektivt

This study addresses the issue of a high failure rate for digital transformations and the neglect of working with social aspects of technological changes by answering the question How can organizations work with change management within a digital transformation project to facilitate a change? The study follows a qualitative approach where a case study involving interviews was conducted at a globally leading manufacturing company within the automotive industry. The case study investigated a project which involved a new production concept with new technology and methods of working, which has inspired further projects and started a digital transformation journey at the case company. The topics highlighted in this study involve how people perceived resistance and readiness within the project, leadership, and how the digital change was designed. The study concluded: 1) the environment of the change does not necessarily affect the chosen approach 2) technology characteristics set scope and time frame, 3) analyzing people’s previous change experiences and ensuring voluntary participation may reduce resistance, 4) both task- and people oriented leaders are necessary, 5) digital projects may benefit from ensuring autonomy and a distance to hierarchical structures, 6) a digital strategy must be clearly formulated and communicated, and 7) both a project- and change management model should be adopted. Further research needs to be conducted on projects in different practical settings and conditions.

[pt] O objetivo desta dissertação é desenvolver e demonstrar a aplicabilidade de um modelo multicritério para a seleção de opções de afretamento de navios para exportação e importação de petróleo e derivados, segundo dois vetores de transformação do transporte marítimo internacional – Shipping 4.0 e Green Shipping. A pesquisa pode ser considerada aplicada, descritiva e metodológica. Quanto aos meios de investigação, a metodologia compreende: (i) pesquisa bibliográfica e documental sobre os temas centrais da pesquisa; (ii) caracterização das principais tecnologias digitais embarcadas e sistemas inteligentes que vêm sendo empregados na indústria naval, associando-as a requisitos funcionais e operacionais de navios inteligentes e sustentáveis; (iii) análise morfológica para concepção de configurações alternativas de navios inteligentes e sustentáveis; (iv) desenvolvimento de modelo multicritério para seleção de opções de afretamento de navios inteligentes e sustentáveis no contexto de exportação e importação de petróleo e derivados; e (v) demonstração da aplicabilidade do modelo conceitual, mediante a realização de um estudo empírico em uma empresa de transporte marítimo, subsidiária da Petrobras – a Transpetro. Destaca-se como resultado principal um modelo multicritério inovador para seleção de opções de afretamento de navios para exportação e importação de petróleo e derivados, que emprega análise morfológica para a geração das configurações alternativas de navios inteligentes e sustentáveis e um método multicritério de apoio à decisão para a seleção propriamente dita das alternativas de afretamento, segundo uma visão conjunta dos dois vetores de transformação do transporte marítimo internacional. O estudo empírico desenvolvido da Transpetro permitiu demonstrar a aplicabilidade do modelo em um contexto organizacional real e evidenciar seu potencial de replicação em outras empresas de transporte marítimo no Brasil e no mundo que desejam operar com novos modelos de negócio, segundo o novo paradigma de transporte marítimo internacional. / [en] This dissertation aims to develop and demonstrate the applicability of a multicriteria model for the selection of shipping freight options for export and import of crude oil and derivatives, aligned to the new paradigm of international maritime transport driven by two vectors of transformation - Shipping 4.0 and Green Shipping. The research can be considered applied, descriptive and methodological. The methodology comprised: (i) bibliographic and documental analysis on the central themes of the research; (ii) characterization of the key enabling digital technologies that have been used in the shipping industry, associating them with the functional and operational requirements of intelligent and sustainable ships; (iii) morphological analysis to design alternative configurations of shipping freight options for exporting and importing of oil and derivatives; (iv) development of a multicriteria model for the selection of shipping freight options for exporting and importing oil and derivatives, according to the new paradigm of international maritime transport; and (v) empirical study carried out in a maritime transport company, a subsidiary of Petrobras – Transpetro. The main result of this research is an innovative multicriteria model for the selection of shipping freight options for exporting and importing oil and derivatives, which integrates morphological analysis with a multicriteria approach for selecting shipping freight options, aligned to a joint vision of shipping 4.0 and green shipping. Furthermore, the empirical study developed at Transpetro made it possible to demonstrate the applicability of the model in a corporate context and to highlight its potential for replication in other maritime transport companies in Brazil and in the world, which wish to operate according to new business models in the new paradigm of international maritime transport.

With the rapid growth of industry 4.0 and the digital age, we can see that the use of digital tools, systems and solutions are becoming more standardized in all sectors. We are currently witnessing these tools becoming a much more integral part of future industry and therefore putting pressure on current organizations to adapt. Digital maturity is a phenomenon that has gained an abundance of exposure in recent years, and the importance of this phenomenon grows in relation to the growth of the digital environment. According to academia, questions about companies’ digital status have recently become topical. Digital maturity can act as a portal for possibilities and change. For example, exploiting opportunities, implementing technological processes and averting business risks that stem from advanced technologies. Academic research in this field mainly concentrates on the quantitative aspects and therefore we have engaged in a qualitative approach in order to fill the gap within this field of research. Moreover, we have identified that studies and contemporary assessment models do not consider the importance of management and aspect of change to the necessary extent. Academia mentions the importance of converting digital maturity assessments to company actions through a systematic engagement from managers. However, most studies in the field have focused on either giving overviews on different perspectives of assessments or answered questions regarding the success rate of digital transformations, we believe that management and change management are key components to digital maturity and transformational success. A qualitative approach is therefore suitable because of the exploratory nature of our interests. To gather data, we conducted interviews with participants chosen through a purposive sampling technique. The purposive sampling method was chosen to achieve a better and more qualitative result since the participants all had expertise within the field of digital development, digital maturity measurements and management. The interview questions were based on theories in our conceptual framework and served as a foundation for the interview guide. The intention was to see if our initial theories on digital maturity transformation would match the views of the participants. By using a thematic analysis method, we connected the participants answers to our identified framework themes, potentially altering our conceptual framework. The original components of our conceptual framework were: Importance of management and change management, which included theories of organizations, people, change kaleidoscope, the theory of constraints, PDSA-cycle and RACI-model. The result of the study showed that our predicted components of importance of management and change management were essential for the success of digital maturity. Our underlying theories also matched the participants views. However, new theories and components were added based on the empirical findings. These were: long term solutions and strategies, strong and motivating leadership, project triangle and communication plans. Our study indicates that management and change management can be success factors in the process of becoming more digitally mature.

As water systems are critical infrastructures, their continuous service is essential for maintaining vital functions of society. During the past decades, a number of severe global challenges have put increasing pressure on the water systems, threatening the quality and availability of water. Digitalization is expected to play a fundamental role in managing these challenges, making the digital transformation of the water industry an imperative rather than a choice for water utility providers. However, the implementation of digital solutions also entails a number of challenges, risks and vulnerabilities to water systems. As such, water utility providers are faced with increased complexity and uncertainty, where the safety and security of the system is at stake. This thesis addresses the potential implications of a digital transformation of the water industry by exploring how digitalization affects the Swedish water sector from a safety and security perspective. By doing so, the thesis aims to enhance the understanding of how Swedish water utility providers can manage its ongoing digital transformation. The thesis consists of a qualitative research study where interviews with 16 representatives from the Swedish water industry contributed with a broad perception of the implications of the digital transformation. Theory on high reliability organizations and resilience was applied to obtain a deeper understanding of what the potential safety and security implications may entail for Swedish water utilities in managing and reaping the benefits of their digital transformation. The study finds that representatives from the Swedish water sector mainly view benefits related to the efficiency of their operations from their ongoing digital transformation, while the mentioned drawbacks are generally related to their organizational abilities in managing the emerging risks and increased level of complexity. With increasing digitalization, Swedish water utilities coincide with the high reliability organization theory to a higher extent, which emphasizes the increasing importance of employing bothtechnical reliability and organizational resilience practices. This thesis concludes that technical reliability has historically been well-managed and prioritized by utilities, whilst organizational resilience has become an increasingly important aspect to focus on with increasing digitalization. Hence, practices of organizational resilience, such as incorporating clear strategies, integrating work between divisions and increasing follow-up from disturbances, should be employed on a wider scale among water utilities. / Då vattensystem är kritisk infrastruktur är deras kontinuerliga funktion avgörande för att upprätthålla vitala funktioner i samhället. Under de senaste decennierna har ett antal allvarliga globala utmaningar ökat trycket på vattensystemen, vilket hotar vattnets kvalitet och tillgänglighet. Digitalisering anses vara avgörande för att hantera dessa utmaningar, vilket gör digitalisering av vattenindustrin till en nödvändighet snarare än ett val för VA-bolag. Att implementera digitala lösningar medför emellertid också ett antal utmaningar, risker och sårbarheter för vattensystem. VA-bolagen står således inför en ökad komplexitet och osäkerhet där systemsäkerheten står på spel. Denna uppsats behandlar de potentiella implikationer som kan uppstå av en digital transformation av vattenindustrin genom att undersöka hur digitalisering påverkar den svenska VA-sektorn ur ett säkerhetsperspektiv. Genom detta syftar uppsatsen till att öka förståelsen för hur svenska VA-bolag kan hantera sin pågående digitalisering. En kvalitativ forskningsstudie har genomförts där intervjuer med 16 representanter från den svenska VA-sektorn bidrog med en bred uppfattning om digitaliseringens implikationer för den svenska VA-sektorn. Teori om high reliability organizations och resiliens användes för att fördjupa förståelsen för vad de potentiella säkerhetsimplikationerna kan innebära för svenska VAbolag, både för hantering av riskerna och för att ta till vara på fördelarna med den digitala transformationen. Studien visar att representanter från den svenska VA-sektorn, i deras pågående digitalisering, huvudsakligen ser fördelar relaterade till effektiviteten i vattenproduktionen, medan de nämnda nackdelarna i allmänhet är relaterade till deras egna förmågor att hantera de framväxande riskerna och den ökade komplexiteten. Med ökad digitalisering kan svenska VA-bolag i högre utsträckning beskrivas med teori kring high reliability organizations, vilket medför en ökad vikt av att arbeta med både teknisk tillförlitlighet och organisatorisk resiliens. Teknisk tillförlitlighet har historiskt hanterats väl och prioriterats av VA-bolag, medan organisatorisk resiliens har blivit allt viktigare att fokusera på med ökad digitalisering. Därför drar denna uppsats slutsatsen att arbete med organisatorisk resiliens, såsom att införa tydliga strategier, integrera arbetet mellan avdelningar och öka uppföljningsarbetet efter störningar, bör utföras i större skala bland VA-bolag.