The purpose of this essay is to show how ESN, IKEA and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs (UD) mediated swedishness. This will be done by illustrate and analyse the methods the research fields use to create and spread pictures and message about Sweden, Swedes and Swedish cultures. The essay use the method of represented informants and show three field where the meeting between people and cultures is conspicuously. Hopefully, this essay can be seen as a contribution to the research of identity (identity research). I have chosen to focus on three fields of research, which do not belong to the classic field of research to show how swedishness is mediated. / Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att visa hur ESN, IKEA och UD förmedlar svenskhet. Detta sker genom att metoderna som de tre undersökningsfälten använder sig av för att skapa och sprida bilder och budskap om Sverige, svenskar och den svenska kulturen dvs. den svenska särarten åskådliggörs och analyseras i uppsatsen. Uppsatsen bygger på en metod med representativa informanter och behandlar tre undersökningsfält där mötet mellan människor och kulturer är påtagligt. Förhoppningsvis kan uppsatsen ses som ett bidrag till identitetsforskningen, då jag valt att behandla tre fält som inte utgör klassiska undersökningsfält för att visa hur svenskhet förmedlas.

This thesis examines the National Heritage Board in Sweden and the way they look upon themselves, the surrounding world and their mission. Methodologically it’s a discourse analysis based on poststructuralist and social constructionist thoughts. This means, simplified, that nothing is taken for granted and that power relations and ideology always matters. There is no true or distinct heritage. The public cultural heritage was often used as a tool in creating a homogeneous national identity, but what is its function today? The nationalistic function is politically impossible in the paradigm of today, stressing diversity and multiculturalism. The main result of the study is the Board’s alteration from a unity discourse to a diversity discourse, but at the same time there is an over-all ambiguity, which leads to the conclusion that the Board wants to describe themselves and their work in accordance with the diversity discourse, but are constantly falling back into the views of the unity discourse.

<p>The purpose of this essay is to show how ESN, IKEA and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs (UD) mediated swedishness. This will be done by illustrate and analyse the methods the research fields use to create and spread pictures and message about Sweden, Swedes and Swedish cultures. The essay use the method of represented informants and show three field where the meeting between people and cultures is conspicuously. Hopefully, this essay can be seen as a contribution to the research of identity (identity research). I have chosen to focus on three fields of research, which do not belong to the classic field of research to show how swedishness is mediated.</p> / <p>Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att visa hur ESN, IKEA och UD förmedlar svenskhet. Detta sker genom att metoderna som de tre undersökningsfälten använder sig av för att skapa och sprida bilder och budskap om Sverige, svenskar och den svenska kulturen dvs. den svenska särarten åskådliggörs och analyseras i uppsatsen. Uppsatsen bygger på en metod med representativa informanter och behandlar tre undersökningsfält där mötet mellan människor och kulturer är påtagligt. Förhoppningsvis kan uppsatsen ses som ett bidrag till identitetsforskningen, då jag valt att behandla tre fält som inte utgör klassiska undersökningsfält för att visa hur svenskhet förmedlas.</p>

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the media discussions of the rape in Bjästa 2009 and to reveal how stereotypical illusions of ethnicity, religion and gender affect how media understands and defines violence. The rape in Bjästa occurred in a “Swedish context” but has been defined as honor related in other arenas outside media. This discussion occurred because the whole village turned against the woman that was raped and supported the perpetrator– a phenomena that speaks against the idea of an equal society and a behavior that is usually understood as honor related and something that the ‘others’ do. Therefore, I have chosen to investigate one case without comparing it to another, because the discussions of this particular case reflect how the debate about men’s violence against women and honor related violence generally is presented. I have argued that when a perpetrator practices men’s violence against women it is described and explained as something individual and as a result of psychological issues whereas honor related violence is explained as a collective action with cultural influences. I have examined 35 articles and 5 blog articles by using a critical analysis method and have specifically been interested in what explanations are used due to the fact that the involved were Swedish but were participating in a collective action of legitimating violence. The results show that the collective behavior is being explained by new explanations such as mass psychosis and collective cultures (that only occur in smaller cities). The strategy behind this is to separate and define the Bjästa case as something “unswedish” so the Swedish nation can uphold an image as an equal and individual society – and in the same time uphold the idea of honor related violence as something foreign and “imported”.

This thesis is based in a Swedish high school and scrutinizes social interaction among students. The material was gathered in semi-structured interviews and observations made outside of classrooms, but inside the school grounds. The study strives to analyze power dynamics that the students adhere to in their social relationships at the school. It uses intersectionality as an analytical tool to understand the gendered and racialized ways in which students understand themselves in the social complex as social beings within a system. Based on three months of ethnographic fieldwork conducted at this Stockholm-region high school during the spring of 2016, this essay also seeks to address the narrow ways in which Swedishness and non-Swedishness are constructed as dichotomous, as well as the power relations attached to acknowledgement of national belonging. Furthermore, the study analyzes ways in which students reinforce and communicate group belonging through attire, body language and speech. The thesis also considers how power dynamics stipulated by homosociality become an important factor in determining agency.

Detta är en diskursanalys genomförd utifrån en socialkonstruktionistisk ståndpunkt. Studien syftar till att granska etableringsmöjligheter i relation till svenskhet med fokus på det svenska språket. Metod för insamlad empiri har genomförts via sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med kvinnor vilka levt i Sverige mellan 3–10 år. Fokus har legat vid tolkning av tillkomna svenska kvinnors subjektiva berättelser. Denna studie har därför menat inkludera de individer det talas om i den politiska debatten genom att istället samtala med tillkomna svenska kvinnor. Detta av anledning att den svenska integrationspolitiken grundas i en diskurs som ofta berör "vi" och "dem". I detta “vi och dem”-tänk konstrueras vita svenskfödda som motpol till "de Andra", vilka ofta benämns som “invandrare”. Det svenska språket, etablering och svenskhet har därför visat sig intimt förknippade. Svenskheten består av normer om språk, etablering och kropp som efter att hon flertal ett levda år i Sverige upplevs som en begränsning för hennes möjlighet till integrering. Det har visat sig svårt att passera inom ramen för svenskhet om den tillkomna svenska kvinnan lever i en icke-vit kropp, med svenska med brytning och om hon inte anpassar sig till en tillskriven position som gäst i Sverige. / This is a discourse analysis conducted on the basis of a social constructionist perspective. The study aims to examine establishment opportunities in relation to constructions of Swedishness with a focus on the Swedish language. The method for collected empirical data has been conducted through six semi-structured interviews with women who have lived in Sweden between 3-10 years. The focus has been on the interpretation of the subjective stories from women who have moved to Sweden. In this study, we have aimed to include the individuals who are being talked about in the political debate, by instead talking to women who have moved to Sweden. We have chosen this angle because Swedish integration policy often follows a discourse that shapes an "us" and "them" distinction on newcomers. In this "us and them" thinking, white Swedish born citizens are constructed as opposites to "the Others" which are often referred to as "immigrants". Throughout our study, the Swedish language, establishment and Swedishness have proved to be intimately associated. Swedishness consists of several norms about language, establishment and body appearance which after several years in Sweden can be perceived as a restriction on her opportunities for integration. It has proved difficult to pass within the framework of Swedishness if the woman who has moved to Sweden lives in a non-white body, with a "broken" Swedish and if she does not adapt to the attributed position as a guest in Sweden.

Inledning: Även om Sverige under de senaste decennierna har uppfattats som mer accepterande och mångkulturellt, har forskning visat att barn till invandrare fortfarande upplever en känsla av att inte passa in i den svenska normen. Detta leder i sin tur till känslor av stress och upplevelsen av att bli diskriminerad. Sammanfattningsvis finns det flera olika stressfaktorer som påverkar barn till invandrare i förhållande till det svenska samhällets normer. 3(41) Syfte: Syfte med detta arbete är att få en djupare förståelse för upplevelser kring kulturell stereotypifiering, om/-och på vilka sätt den är en komponent av hur andra generationens invandrare uppfattar sin sociala identitet. Metod: Arbetet baseras på kvalitativa metoder där insamling av data sker via genomförandet av intervjuer. Resultat: Vid bearbetning av empiriska data identifierades tre teman som utgör studiens resultatdel och dessa är: Identitet och kulturtillhörighet; Jag och ”de andra” samt ”När man tittar på mig” och ser min ursprungskultur. Slutsats: Resultatet visar att stereotyper inte varit så påtagliga som tidigare forskning indikerat men att dessa spelar en roll i skapandet av en social identitet där andragenerationens invandrare tenderar att skapa en social identitet som tar element från båda kulturer som de utsätts för. Detta skapar en slags social identitet som kan möta negativa fördomar hos båda kulturer. / Introduction: Although Sweden in recent decades has been perceived as more accepting and multicultural, research has shown that children of immigrants still experience a feeling of not fitting into the Swedish norm. This in turn leads to feelings of stress and the experience of being discriminated against. In summary, there are several different stressors that affect children of immigrants in relation to the norms of Swedish society. Purpose: The purpose of this work is to gain a deeper understanding of experiences around cultural stereotyping, if / and in what ways it is a component of how secondgeneration immigrants perceive their social identity. Method: This study is based on qualitative methods where data is collected through the conduction of interviews. Results: When processing empirical data, three themes were identified that form the result part of the study and these are: Identity and cultural affiliation; Me and "the others" and "When you look at me" and see my culture of origin. Conclusion: The results show that stereotypes have not been as prevalent as previous research has indicated, but that these play a role in the creation of a social identity where second-generation immigrants tend to create a social identity that takes on elements from both cultures to which they are exposed. This creates a kind of social identity that can meet negative prejudices in both cultures.

In this ethnographic study, I explore the ways, in which the engagement of Polish Catholics with Swedish society generates both adaptation and resistance. The thesis begins with an overview of the history of the Swedish Catholic Church and notes how Poles became one of the most numerous immigrant groups in Sweden during past decades. I then make use of fifteen in-depth interviews along with more than twenty sessions of observation in a Polish milieu in the Mälaren Valley. Polish Catholics often consider themselves, as one put it, as "weird creatures" in Sweden, not only for being a religious minority, but also due to conflicts between Catholic moral teachings and prevailing modern liberal views in Swedish society. Also, interviewees tend to blame Sweden for weakening the religiosity of their compatriots. Catholicism often presents particular challenges for the adaptation and integration of Poles, especially teenagers, who are, as one out it, seen "like freaks here". Also notable is the controversial stance of parishioners and the clergy on gender questions. While many laity see feminism as a threat, some priests assert that "feminism and Catholicism have so much in common". Among other challenges for the religious life of Poles in Sweden are consumerism, which leads to the formulation "prosperity destroys people" and is seen as a competitor to the church; and the Swedish language, which divides first and second generations. Interviewees also express shared interests with Muslims and solidarity with Orthodox Christians.

Denna studie kommer att ta upp public service i Sverige. Bakgrund kring public service och etnicitet presenteras i studien. Problemet som lett till studiens uppkomst är den framkomst främlingsfientliga partier haft i Sverige de senaste åren. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur etnicitet konstrueras i morgonradioprogrammet Morgonpasset i P3. Detta för att se sambandet mellan text och kontext, samt för att se hur olika etniciteter konstrueras. Studien bidrar också till att fylla det vetenskapliga hål som framkommit under en genomsökning av tidigare studier. Dessa studier inkluderar lokalradio, etnicitet och språk, samt etniciteter i journalistisk.   För att kunna ge en inblick i detta görs en textanalys av det utvalda materialet. Detta med koppling till teori, begrepp och metod. Metoden som valts ut för denna uppsats är CDA, kritisk diskursanalys. CDA kommer inte bara att användas som metod utan även som teori. I teorikapitlet tillkommer även andra teorier. Dessa är orientalism, andrefiering och olika teorier om svenskhet. I analysen behandlas flertalet transkriberade exempel och det framkommer att programledarna på olika sätt konstruerar svenskar som avvikande, avvisande och icke-ambitiösa. Resultatet av studien visar att programledarna i studieobjektet nedvärderar svenskhet och på så sätt skapar de en distans mellan sig själva och de som inte relaterar till svenskhet. Detta gör också att svenskheten som finns upprätthålls. Vidare resulterar detta i att lyssnarna påverkas av språket och de diskurser programledarna framför, vilket på så sätt också påverkar samhällets normer kring hur etnicitet konstrueras. / This study will look into public service in Sweden. The background of public service and ethnicity is being presented. The problem which has led to this study derives from the success of xenophobic parties in Sweden, in the recent years. The aim of this study is to investigate how ethnicity is constructed in the morning radio show, Morgonpasset i P3. This is being done in order to see the connection between text and context and to see how different ethnicities are being constructed. The study also contributes to filling the scientific gap which has been revealed by going through previous studies. These studies include local radio, ethnicity and language, and ethnicities in journalism.   To give an insight into this, the material has been handled through a text analysis. This with connection to theory, tools and method. The method that had been chosen for this study is CDA, critical discourse analysis. CDA is not only used as a method, but also as a theory. In the chapter about theories, other theories are added as well. These theories are orientalism, othering and different theories about swedishness. In the analysis multiple transcribed examples are being looked into. Here it is revealed that the show hosts in different ways are constructing swedishness as being different, rejecting and non-ambitious. The result of the study shows that the hosts of the radio show are downgrading swedishness and therefore distancing themselves and those who do not relate to swedishness. This also results in that the already existing swedishness is maintained. Furthermore, this results in that the listeners are being affected by the language and the discourses the hosts are presenting, which also affects society's norms of how ethnicity is beeing constructed.

The purpose of the study is to account for and analyse comparisons between the Swedish political parties' programs to show change within and between the parties over time, regarding Swedishness and integration. The goal is to discover in which way the parties have changed or not changed their political programs over a twenty-year period – 1998 and 2018. The text in the political programs is the focus of the study's analysis. A history-didactic perspective is also presented, as an extension of the study's possible use. The comparison reveals both a change within each party and a common change towards a more obligate-based ground to become a Swedish citizen.  What I have found is that there is a significant change over a period of twenty years. The climate has hardened and except from Miljöpartiet, an implementation of Swedish language-tests, social-studies tests and economic consequences, unless these demands are fulfilled, is demanded. Sverigedemokraterna is the only party that has reduced the use of demanding vocabulary, even though they still have the highest use of the demands.