John A. Warden III is one of the leading contemporary air force theorists in the modern era. Warden´s five ring model has proved the ability to explain other dimensions of warfare, as Warden himself claims. A topic that had been receiving much attention is the relatively new arena of warfare, the so-called 'cyberspace'. This dimension has enabled the dissemination of information at a significantly higher rate than before which results that the efficiency of information warfare have increased. Previous research in this complex area, where a combination of Warden's theories and information warfare have been used to analyze a case, is currently inadequate. Therefore, this case study intends to examine to which extent Warden's five ring model can be applied on information operations, in the context of the war in Ukraine. The result in this thesis will show that Warden's theory had a certain degree of explanatory power on the information operations, that were conducted in Ukraine during 2013-2014. The result will also indicate that the most significant direct impact from information operations was shown on the fourth ring, population. When the fourth ring was affected, the effect would spread and affect other rings indirectly. Attempts to affect multiple rings directly and simultaneously could not be identified except for the fourth and fifth rings, population and fielded military. However, no traceability of a direct impact on the fifth ring, fielded military, was identified.

This paper examines how Argentina’s tactical successes during the Falklands war can be understood by analysing through two of the principles of war namely, concentration of forces and surprise. Previous research on the Falklands war tends to analyse the war through the entire 74-day period or through special disciplines such as history or politics. Therefore, this study was undertaken to obtain a deeper understanding on how an inferior party can achieve tactical successes even if they are defeated in the war. HMS Sheffield and Atlantic Conveyor where both struck by the Argentinian Exocet-missiles and foundered during the war. These two particular incidents are evidence of the tactical successes for Argentina during the war, even if they were defeated. These events affected and shocked the British Task Force and knowledge regarding how they achieved tactical success is important for future warfare. The principles of war are theories explained in many states’ doctrines to explain warfare and are therefore relevant to use as theoretical framework in this study. The analytical results reveal that the tactical success can be perceived as the theory of surprise, although the theory of concentration of forces can partially explain it. The result contributes to existing research by adding a deeper understanding regarding the situations and conclusions, which can be drawn and that are relevant to studies of this nature, to improve future warfare capability for an inferior party in a conflict.

No description available.

In Sweden there are a lot of challenges when it comes to making buildings more energy efficient. In the year of 2018, the construction and housing business in Sweden, accounted for a total energy usage of 105 TWh, which is one third of the country’s total energy usage. In connection with today’s global environmental problems, it is important that all countries take the responsibility to minimize their energy usage as much as possible. Since the middle of the 1990’s the United Nations (UN) has been working on creating mutual goals based on each of its members specific conditions. The Kyoto Protocol and the 2030 Agenda are established agreements that have been made to reduce the members of UNs’ energy consumption and help solve the climate crisis. This thesis has been made in collaboration with Fastighetsstudion i Uppsala AB with the supervisors Sven Detterberg, a certified consultant in the field of energy efficiency and Andreas Andersson, a consultant in the field of maintenance planning. They have noticed that the energy mapping plan and the maintenance plan are made by two different contractors, even though they have a lot of their investment basis in common. A maintenance plan is something a property must have according to law, and the costs to maintain the property are a yearly expenditure that has been considered by the property manager. But when it comes to investing in making the building more energy efficient it can get very costly, and the money to these investments is something that is not accounted for in the yearly expenditure. Many property managers do not go through with investing in recommended energy efficiencies, because they cannot afford it, as it can take decades before the reduced cost in energy consumption pays for the investment by itself. The aim of this study is to synergize the energy mapping plan and the maintenance plan to see how much of the initial cost of the energy efficiency investments can be saved by combining it with planned maintenance costs. A tenant-owned association with four property buildings has been studied in this thesis. The properties have an existing energy mapping plan made in 2019 by Sven Detterberg, and a maintenance plan made in 2016 by Riksbyggen AB. Life cycle costs have been calculated by synergizing the planned maintenance and different energy efficiencies suggested in the energy mapping plan. The goal is to guide the tenant-owned associations on how the plans can be synergized, thus making the suggested energy efficiencies more affordable. This will in the long run help the tenant-owned association by increasing the value of the property, improve its economy and reduce its CO2-emissions. The case studied in this thesis achieved positive results. After combining the cost of the suggested energy efficiencies with the relevant planned maintenance costs it was concluded that all 5 suggestions would be profitable within less than 15 years and four of them in less than 10 years. Before combining the two plans, four of the suggestions would not be profitable within a 15-year period.

No description available.

This study is a case study regarding organizational change within the Swedish police, using the example National Fraud Center (Nationellt bedrägericenter). The study aims to investigate what requirements and expectations are formulated in the government’s steering documents, and how the police handled these requirements when establishing the fraud center. Theoretically, the study is placed within a combination of neo-institutional organizational theory, and a theory of governance that connects the governance perspective with organizational theory. The material consists of appropriation directives, budget bills and a government assignment, as well as three documents from the police describing the police's considerations during the emergence of the center. A qualitative content analysis shows that the police, by establishing a fraud center, could accommodate many of the government's requirements and expectations. This can be explained by the fact that the government's steering of the police had an impact in this specific case.

The essay examines municipal organization theory through a case study of Malmö, Sweden. The essays aim is to investigate how New Public Management theory is expressed and affects the municipal of Malmö’s elementary school in regards of the “Grundskoleförvaltning”, work and completion of the administrations goals. The essay has a qualitative research design and the empirical material consists of the study of an “Nämndsbudget” and an interview with a leading official at the Grundskoleförvaltning.   The essay´s result shows that the elementary school administration in Malmö is heavily affected by New Public Management ideas and governing. The affect NPM has on the administration is regarded by the official as deeply affecting the administrations ability to deliver a qualitative education for all the pupils in the town of Malmö.

Försvarsmaktens ledningsfilosofi bygger på uppdragstaktik och krigets krav. Den svenska uppdragstaktiken har genom historien omarbetats och anpassats för att möta dåtidens krav och framtida utmaningar. Försvarsmakten har mellan 1979 och 2006 bytt utbildningsystem för sina officerare tre gånger. Dessa omständigheter utgör grunden för studien, att undersöka om förändring i utbildningen har påverkat synen på uppdragstaktik och om en eventuellt divergerande uppfattning påverkar Försvarsmaktens träning. Uppsatsen visar att det finns en viss förskjutning mellan officerskategorier till uppdragstaktiken ur metodologisk eller filosofisk synvinkel vilket grundar sig i utbildningens utformning. Försvarsmaktens på senare år begränsade gemensamma övningsverksamhet påverkar möjligen den yngre officersgenerationen i större utsträckning i tillämpningen av uppdragstaktik som ett resultat av utbildningen. En ofrivillig socialisation uppstår i Försvarsmakten i den fredstida styrningen och med new public management vilken anses äga narrativet över Försvarsmaktens egen ledningsfilosofi med negativa konsekvenser. Den ”nya” officerskategorin kan möjligen motverka framtida negativa influenser för uppdragstaktiken då den nya utbildningen fostrar kritiskt tänkande i större utsträckning.

Vissa militära organisationer utvecklas i fred på ett sätt som gör att de har ett övertag vid krigsutbrott och lyckas anpassa sig till det oväntade på slagfältet medan andra misslyckas. De organisationer som lyckas beskrivs som innovativa. I fredstid sker innovation i Försvarsmakten uppifrån och ner i organisationen men under insats och i krig föreskrivs en modell där innovation skapas på låg nivå.  Syftet med den här studien är att skapa förståelse för hur samverkan kan bidra till innovation på låg nivå och därigenom skapa ett arbetssätt som bidrar till innovation i Försvarsmakten. Den här kvalitativa, tolkande intervjustudien undersöker en samverkan som genomförts på låg organisatorisk nivå sedan 1980-talet. Studien använder semistrukturerade intervjuer för att samla in empiri som sedan analyseras med reflexiv tematisk analys.  Resultatet visar att innovation kan skapas på låg nivå inom samverkan då idéer sprids inom samverkan och därmed skapar kreativitet som omsätts till innovation genom att aktörerna kompromissar. Innovation kan även skapas som ett resultat avsamverkan genom att kreativitet följer med tillbaka från samverkan till aktörernas ordinarie organisation där den omsätts till innovation om ett tillåtande klimat skapar mandat för detta. Studiens viktigaste bidrag är att skapa förståelse för hur samverkan kan bidra till innovation i en militär organisation och att beskriva ett arbetssätt som gör att Försvarsmakten kan utveckla sin innovativa förmåga i fredstid.

Flexibilitet är ett begrepp som i Doktrin för Gemensamma operationer (DGO20) lyfts fram som en avgörande förutsättning och ett förhållningssätt för Försvarsmakten att anpassa sig efter rådande omständigheter och en allt osäkrare omvärld. Detta är något som enligt tidigare forskning om militär flexibilitet ställer krav på såväl organisation som individer att tillåta och uppmuntra såväl nytänkande som kreativitet. Officerares förståelse för och uppfattningar om begreppet påverkar organisationens samlade förmåga till anpassning. Vilka förutsättningar har Försvarsmakten att hantera de osäkerheter vi ser idag såväl som i framtiden om flexibilitet är en avgörande förmåga? Studien syftar till att ur ett kvalitativt perspektiv och med en tolkande ansats bidra till vetenskaplig kunskap om officerares förståelse för begreppet flexibilitet, ställt i kontrast mot vad som står i gällande doktriner. Studien är en induktivt driven, kvalitativ undersökning med tematisk analysmetod. Studiens resultat visar hur officerare på taktisk nivå i Flygvapnet och Marinen förstår begreppet flexibilitet, genom temana individ, organisation och kontext, där innebörden utgörs av såväl förutsättningsskapande faktorer som inneboende begränsningar hos enskilda individer och organisationen som helhet. Resultatet visar också på vissa kontraster mellan officerares förståelse och det som anges i doktrinerna, där respondenterna utifrån respektive kontexter har en bredare syn på vad flexibilitet innebär, präglad inte bara av insats- och konfliktsituationer utan främst av friktioner inom den vardagliga produktionsverksamheten för såväl individer som organisation. Här kan aspekter med utvecklingspotential inom flexibilitetsområdet identifieras, vilka påverkar Försvarsmaktens förmåga till flexibilitet positivt om de omhändertas.