Many business executives lack strategies to detect and eliminate tenant fraud in subsidized rental housing. The purpose of this multicase study was to explore strategies some business executives used to detect and eliminate tenant fraud in subsidized rental housing. The conceptual framework used to guide this study was the theory of planned behavior. Data were gathered using semistructured interviews with 6 purposively selected business executives of public housing authorities, supplemented with a review of policies and procedures that business executives used. Yin's 5-step analysis, which entails examining, categorizing, tabulating, creating a data display, and testing the data, guided the process of coding participants' responses. Member checking validated that emerging themes were in alignment with participant experiences. The 4 major themes of the study were: perception of tenant fraud, detection and minimization of fraud, the effect of fraudulent behavior on tenant attitudes and belief systems, and verification procedures. The results of the study might support positive social change by providing leaders with insights related to fraud-reducing fragmentation, duplication, and overlapping of programs, which may result in federal funds being available for federal government public services. The findings of this study might add to the body of knowledge and further contribute to social change through a coalition of housing agencies working together to share their knowledge of combating tenant fraud in subsidized rental housing and restoring the integrity of the Housing Choice Voucher Program.

No description available.

A dilemma that has plagued the rental housing market (RHM) in Sweden is the lack of innovation and companies’ ability to disrupt the market. For start-ups with scarce resources, this becomes further problematic as they become limited in how they can approach disruption. In this study, the possibilities of reaching disruption, or further improving innovation within the Business Model (BM), is studied through the BM Canvas framework. Furthermore, action research was utilized, together with a case study, to create a realistic BM. A qualitative research approach was used with 17 interviews conducted amongst users of already existing platforms in the Rental Housing Swap Market (RHSM), namely the, landlords, politicians and academics within the field. This resulted in two subsequent themes being identified: building incentives for key partners to scale quicker and that a low resource approach requires a highly creative solution. These two themes indicate that if resources are available, innovating the BM through all the BM blocks creates better opportunities for an improved platform. Additionally, while both start-ups and incumbent firms can turn to BM innovation for disruption, the success rate is vastly different for the two. The stage of where a start-up is will determine the difficulty of BM innovation. However, if resources are unavailable, which is the case for some start-ups, it is seemingly better to turn to radical innovation through the use of key infrastructure partnerships – allowing new paradigms to emerge as a result. The results from this study implicate that there are possible gaps within BM innovation that should be studied further. More specifically, how the BM blocks should be prioritized and the differences between the prioritization among different industries. / Ett dilemma som har besvärat den svenska hyresmarknaden är bristen på innovation och förmågan för företag att inträda den redan etablerade marknaden, vilket blir en förhöjd svårighet för nystartade bolag vid ett tidigt skede där det finns väldigt sköra resurser. Denna studie undersöker möjligheterna för en lansering som kan störa marknaden med hjälp av innovation av affärsmodellen där ramverket BM Canvas har använts. Forskningen har bedrivits med hjälp av aktionsforskning och ett tillvägagångssätt av en kvalitativ studie där 17 intervjuer utförts med användare på existerande plattformar i bytesmarknaden, hyresvärdar, politiker och akademiker. Resultatet indikerade framställningen av två teman: att bygga incitament för partnerskap med nyckelaktörer för att skala upp snabbt samt att ett kreativt tillvägagångssätt är nödvändigt om det finns låga resurser i bolaget. Studien illustrerar att en ömsesidig anpassning av alla bropelare i affärsmodellen är nödvändiga för att uppnå bästa möjligheter för en förbättrad plattform. Trots att både nystartade bolag och etablerade företag kan vända sig till BM innovation för disruption så varierar deras framgång mellan de två olika typerna av företag. Om det däremot inte finns tillräckligt med resurser, vilket är en sannolik position för ett nystartat bolag, skapar man bättre möjligheter för radikala innovationer genom användningen av innovation inom infrastrukturen av affärsmodellen som skapar nya paradigm att uppstå som resultat. Resultaten av denna studie visar på att det finns potentiella förbättringsområden inom ämnet av BM innovation som bör studeras vidare i framtiden. Mer specifikt, om hur de olika BM blocken bör prioriteras och hur denna prioritering varierar mellan olika industrier.

One of the key determinants of the “quality” of a neighbourhood is the extent to which owners maintain their properties. Much has been written about the impact of neighbourhood blight or the physically rejuvenating impact of gentrification. To better understand why some neighbourhoods are thriving, and others not, a critical variable that has seen little exploration is the type of tenure. This thesis, focused mostly on data from the City of Rochester NY, comparing absentee landlords, resident landlords and owner-occupiers, looking for differences in the level of maintenance of residential properties. Using a procedure developed by the author, every house in Rochester, Buffalo, and Syracuse containing 1-6 units was assessed, creating a quantitative analysis that is both more current, and on a much larger scale than previous work. Findings mostly confirmed observations and theories in the literature, but there were a number of significant differences. The key observation within Rochester was that, regardless of geographic scale, absentee owners consistently took the worst care of their properties, followed by resident landlords and then owner-occupiers. Further, size and type of absentee landlord mattered. Tenure was found to be the driving force in predicting maintenance outcomes, compounded by variables such as property values and race. Evidence from Buffalo and Syracuse indicated that findings may be generalizable, at least for declining industrial cities. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Introduktion – Examensarbetet inom Byggnadsteknik vid Tekniska Högskolan i Jönköping undersöker bostadsförvaltares åsikter om hur fri hyressättning i form av marknadshyror kan påverka bostadsbyggandet. Målet med studien är ta reda på hur marknadshyror påverkar bostadsbyggandet ur bostadsförvaltarnas perspektiv samt att ta reda på hur företagen ställer sig till dagens hyresreglering.Metod – Studien är en kartläggning som baseras på kvalitativ forskning i form av primärdatainsamling genom intervjuer för att besvara studiens frågeställningar. Författarna har valt intervjuer för att få en djupare förståelse för respondenternas perspektiv och åsikter för att kunna identifiera likheter och olikheter i svaren. Intervjuerna har genomförts med respondenter från entreprenadföretag som även verkar som bostadsförvaltare respektive privata samt allmännyttiga bostadsförvaltare.Resultat – Studien har visat att det de kommunala bostadsförvaltare som intervjuats ställer sig tydligt bakom nuvarande hyresreglering. Bostadsförvaltarna ser kritiskt på fri hyressättning i form av marknadshyror då de inte kan se hur det ska vara möjligt att kräva högre hyra på sina hyresrätter. Entreprenadföretagen som förvaltar bostäder samt den ena privata bostadsförvaltaren är positivt inställd till marknadshyror som möjlighet att kunna ta ut högre hyror för mer unika och specialiserade hyresrätter. Den resterande privata bostadsförvaltaren anser att marknadshyror redan råder på svensk bostadsmarknad och ser inte någon nytta i en ytterligare avreglering av dagenshyresreglering.Analys – I studiens analys av resultatet utifrån frågeställningarna går det att utläsa att det råder delade åsikter mellan bostadsförvaltarna om att införa marknadshyror på svensk bostadsmarknad. Utifrån svaren från entreprenadföretagen och respondent 2 går det att utläsa att de ser ett hål på bostadsmarknaden i form av fler specialbyggda och unika lägenhetshus än vad som byggs idag. De ser en efterfrågan på detta som eventuellt skulle kunna möjliggöras med hjälp av fri hyressättning då dem skulle vara dyrare att bygga och därför behöver finansieras genom marknadshyror.Diskussion - Diskussionen fokuserar på vad respondent 2, 5 och 6 har resonerat kring ett behov av upprustning av det befintliga beståndet via en införing av marknadshyror. De anser att marknadshyror behövs för att rusta upp beståndet till en nivå som den nuvarande hyresregleringen inte tillåter dem ta ut hyra för. Detta går att knyta an tillteori 2.2, Effekter av hyresreglering på bostadsmarknaden. Här presenteras även ett problem som respondent 6, men även respondent 5, ser att marknadshyror kan vara en lösning på. Respondenterna anser att det är av yttersta vikt att få i gång flyttkedjor dådetta presenterar möjligheter för nyproduktion.Nyckelord - marknadshyror, fri hyressättning, bostadsförvaltare, hyresreglering,hyresrätt, hyra, Sverige, bostadsbyggande, nyproduktion, nybyggnation / Introduction – The thesis in Building Technology at Jönköping University examines housing managers' opinions on how free rent setting in the form of market rents can affect housing construction. The aim of the study is to determine how market rents influence housing construction from the perspective of housing managers and to understand the companies' stance on current rent regulations.Method – The study is a survey based on qualitative research, utilizing primary data collection through interviews to answer the research questions. The authors have chosen interviews to gain a deeper understanding of the respondents' perspectives and opinions to identify similarities and differences in the responses. The interviews were conducted with respondents from construction companies that also act as housing managers, aswell as private and public housing managers.Results – The study showed that the municipal housing managers interviewed clearly support the current rent regulation. The municipal housing managers view free rent setting in the form of market rents critically, as they do not see how it would be possible to demand higher rents for their rental properties. The construction companies that manage housing and one private housing manager are positively inclined towards market rents, seeing it as an opportunity to charge higher rents for more unique and specialized rental properties. The remaining private housing manager believes that market rents already exist in the Swedish housing market and sees no benefit in further deregulation of the current rent regulations.Analysis – In the study's analysis of the results based on research questions, there are divided opinions among the companies about introducing market rents in the Swedish housing market. From the responses of the construction companies and respondent 2, it is apparent that they see a gap in the housing market for more specially built and unique apartment buildings than are currently being constructed. They see a demand for this, which could potentially be enabled by free rent setting, as these would be more expensive to build and thus need to be financed through market rents.Discussion – The discussion focuses on the reasoning of respondents 2, 5, and 6 regarding the need for renovation of the existing housing stock through the introduction of market rents. They believe that market rents are necessary to upgrade the stock to a level that current rent regulation does not allow them to charge rent for. This can be linked to theory 2.2, Effects of Rent Regulation on the Housing Market. A problem that respondent 6 and 5 see is that market rents could be a solution to initiate moving chains, presenting opportunities for new production.Keywords – market rents, free rent setting, rent regulation, housing managers, rentalhousing, rent, Sweden, housing construction, new production.

Ontario’s current regulatory approach to low-income housing lies between two primary challenges: the human right to housing, and political/fiscal constraints. This thesis draws on legal theory and economic analysis of law to articulate the proper goals of housing access policy. A structural theory is proposed to explain the normative relationship between efficiency, communitarianism and justice in housing. An array of regulatory options are compared and considered in light of the features that characterize Ontario’s low-income rental housing markets. This analysis favours demand-side housing subsidies to low-income households, combined with supply-side tax expenditures to improve elasticity in the low-income rental market. Further reform of rent and covenant controls, social and affordable housing supply, and land use planning is recommended to ensure an efficient residential tenancy market. These reforms are offered as a framework for the implementation of the human right to housing in Ontario.

Ontario’s current regulatory approach to low-income housing lies between two primary challenges: the human right to housing, and political/fiscal constraints. This thesis draws on legal theory and economic analysis of law to articulate the proper goals of housing access policy. A structural theory is proposed to explain the normative relationship between efficiency, communitarianism and justice in housing. An array of regulatory options are compared and considered in light of the features that characterize Ontario’s low-income rental housing markets. This analysis favours demand-side housing subsidies to low-income households, combined with supply-side tax expenditures to improve elasticity in the low-income rental market. Further reform of rent and covenant controls, social and affordable housing supply, and land use planning is recommended to ensure an efficient residential tenancy market. These reforms are offered as a framework for the implementation of the human right to housing in Ontario.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

La formation de la périphérie urbaine d’Orléans des années 1870 à l’après-guerre, étudiée à partir d’une échelle d’analyse particulière, le lotissement, constitue le sujet central de cette thèse. L’analyse des processus d’extension resitue plus largement les lotissements dans la ville. Elle montre d’abord les relations étroites qu’ils entretiennent avec le quartier Dunois, aménagé en 1879-1880. Si les Plans d’aménagement, d’embellissement et d’extension (loi Cornudet, 1919), ont peu d’impact sur la construction des lotissements, ces derniers témoignent, à des degrés divers, de la mise en oeuvre du Projet de reconstruction et d’aménagement de la commune (1949). La compréhension du cadre réglementaire et juridique permet d’éclairer la politique d’aménagement de voirie municipale et les projets de lotissement sur une longue durée. Elle nous renseigne également sur la constitution du paysage urbain. Cette étude offre ainsi de nouvelles clés de lecture du territoire orléanais, en nous informant non seulement sur les acteurs et leurs pratiques, mais également sur les formes urbaines et architecturales que ces hommes ont générées / This dissertation focuses on the urbanization of Orléans’ (France) outskirts, from the 1870s to the post-war period, studied from a special analysis of scale, i.e. subdivisions. Analysis of mechanisms and forms of urban extension situates subdivisions in the city on a wider scale. It first enhances the close relationship that subdivisions have with the quartier Dunois that was planned in 1879-1880. In 1919, a French town-planning law named “Cornudet Act” was established. It appears that it had little impact on the construction of subdivisions. In fact, it is the implementation of town-planning for reconstruction and rehabilitation in 1949 that showed more its influence on the construction of subdivisions. Understanding the regulatory and legal framework can illuminate road system rehabilitation policy of the city and subdivision projects on a long-term perspective. It highlights the creation of urban landscape as well. This study provides new keys to understand Orléans’ territory: not only does it accounts for the actors’ roles and their practices, but it also provides new insights into urban and architectural forms that these people generated.

Submitted by Ivy Mayumi de Moraes (ivydemoraes@gmail.com) on 2018-07-03T14:46:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MORAES, I. 2018.pdf: 2054461 bytes, checksum: 6d7a8cb00488215262b94aa92f0aefdf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2018-07-03T14:49:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MORAES, I. 2018.pdf: 2054461 bytes, checksum: 6d7a8cb00488215262b94aa92f0aefdf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-07-03T16:13:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MORAES, I. 2018.pdf: 2054461 bytes, checksum: 6d7a8cb00488215262b94aa92f0aefdf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-03T16:13:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MORAES, I. 2018.pdf: 2054461 bytes, checksum: 6d7a8cb00488215262b94aa92f0aefdf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-24 / O objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado é analisar o tema de locação social na agenda governamental da cidade de São Paulo nas gestões municipais de 2001 a 2016. Entende-se locação social, nesta pesquisa, como ação de Estado que destina estoque de imóveis, público ou privado, para atender as demandas de moradia da população de baixa renda, sem que haja transferência de propriedade do imóvel ao beneficiário, mas, em contrapartida, o pagamento de taxas de aluguel, que podem ou não ser subsidiadas. Baseado em entrevistas e análise documental, e mobilizando o referencial teórico de definição de agenda, argumenta-se que há três períodos distintos da locação social na agenda habitacional do governo municipal, quais sejam, inclusão (entre 2001 e 2004), inércia (entre 2005 e 2015), e centralidade (entre 2015 e 2016). No período de inclusão, a locação social entrou na agenda governamental paulistana como misto de iniciativa interna e externa, em resposta ao problema de moradia acessível no centro de São Paulo, resultando na criação do Programa de Locação Social (PLS) em 2002. No período de inércia, que se iniciou em 2005 com a mudança de governo, o PLS foi revisto, fazendo com que a locação social se mantivesse na agenda nos anos seguintes apenas em virtude de desdobramentos de ações tomadas anteriormente. Isto incluiu a entrega de empreendimentos previstos ou iniciados e a realocação de unidades habitacionais para locação social em empreendimentos realizados no escopo de outros programas. Finalmente, no período de centralidade, a partir da mudança da equipe da Secretaria Municipal de Habitação em 2015, a locação social adquiriu notoriedade no planejamento da política habitacional do município. Isto incluiu a ênfase dada ao tema no projeto de lei do Plano Municipal de Habitação de 2016, seu papel no Plano Municipal de Políticas para a População em Situação de Rua de 2016, a criação de um órgão de competência única voltada à locação social, a Gerência de Locação Social, e os planos para retomada e ampliação do PLS. Em um momento de intensificação do debate sobre locação social como alternativa de habitação de interesse social, esta dissertação de mestrado contribui para preencher as lacunas na produção acadêmica brasileira sobre locação social e, na área de Administração Pública, sobre habitação de interesse social. / This thesis analyzes the social rental housing in the agenda of the Municipality of São Paulo from 2001 to 2016. Social rental housing is defined as a government policy that i) allocates public and private housing stock, ii) meets the demands of a low-income population, iii) upon payment of rents that may or may not be subsidized by the government, and iv) functions without transferring property from the owner to the beneficiary. Based on interviews and archival research, and drawing from the agenda-setting framework, I argue that social rental housing in the Municipality's housing agenda can be classified into three periods: inclusion (2001-2004), inertia (2005-2015), and centrality (2015-2016). During the period of inclusion, the social rental housing policy Programa de Locação Social (PLS, Social Rental Housing Program) was established in 2002 as an initiative, simultaneously internal and external to the Municipality, to respond to demands for housing affordability in downtown São Paulo. The inertia period started in 2005 when the new administration revised the PLS. In the subsequent years, social rental housing only persisted in the policy agenda as a consequence of past decisions. This included the delivery of previously planned PLS projects, and the reallocation of units from different policies to social rental housing. Finally, the centrality period began in 2015 with the team change at the Housing Department. Social rental housing became a prominent aspect in housing plans put forth by the Municipality in this period. In 2016, it was incorporated into the Plano Municipal de Habitação (Housing Plan) and the Plano Municipal de Políticas para a População em Situação de Rua (Homeless Policies Plan); additionally, the Gerência de Locação Social (Social Rental Housing Management Office) was created, and the Municipality made plans to resume and expand the PLS. At a time when debates over social rental housing as a housing alternative are intensifying, this study contributes to filling in the gaps of the Brazilian social rental housing literature in general and the Brazilian social housing literature in the field of Public Administration.