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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

荊漢地區新石器時代文化硏究. / Study on the neolithic cultures of "Jih-Han" area / Jing Han Diqu xin shi qi shi dai wen hua yan jiu =: A Study on the neolithic cultures of "Jih-Han" area.

January 1980 (has links)
靳達強. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學硏究院歷史學部. / Manuscript. / Includes bibliographical references. / Jin Daqiang. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yan jiu yuan li shi xue bu. / 圖、表索引 --- p.VI / 提要 --- p.XI / Chapter 一 --- 緒論 / Chapter 1 --- 緣起 --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- 本問題之研究範圍 --- p.5 / Chapter 3 --- 本問題之研究意義 --- p.7 / Chapter 二 --- 荊漢地區之新石器時代文化及其年代 --- p.25 / Chapter 三 --- 荊漢地區新石器時代的地理環境 --- p.36 / Chapter 四 --- 荊漢仰韶文化 --- p.54 / Chapter 1 --- 重要遺址及分佈範圍 --- p.56 / Chapter 2 --- 文化內涵 --- p.68 / Chapter 五 --- 大溪文化 --- p.121 / Chapter 1 --- 重要遺址及分佈範圍 --- p.125 / Chapter 2 --- 文化內涵 --- p.138 / Chapter 六 --- 屈家岭文化 --- p.175 / Chapter 1 --- 重要遺址及分佈範圍 --- p.178 / Chapter 2 --- 分期 --- p.192 / Chapter 3 --- 文化內涵 --- p.199 / Chapter 七 --- 荊漢龍山文化及易家山遺址 --- p.251 / Chapter 1 --- 荊漢龍山文化 --- p.255 / Chapter 2 --- 易家山遺址 --- p.278 / Chapter 八 --- 其他新石器時代文化遺址 --- p.286 / Chapter 九 --- 區內各新石器時代文化的關係 / Chapter 1 --- 鄖縣、均縣、下王崗、三元宮及桂花樹 --- p.291 / 所提供的承傳關係 / Chapter 2 --- 荊漢仰韶文化與大溪文化,屈家岭文化的關係 --- p.300 / Chapter 3 --- 大溪文化與屈家岭文化的關係 --- p.309 / Chapter 4 --- 屈家岭文化與荊漢龍山文化,易家山遺址的關係 --- p.321 / Chapter 5 --- 结语 --- p.325 / Chapter 十 --- 本區新石器時代文化與鄰近新石器時代文化的關係 --- p.330 / Chapter 1 --- 四川盆地 --- p.332 / Chapter 2 --- 漢中地區 --- p.335 / Chapter 3 --- 黃河中游及汝潁上游區 --- p.339 / Chapter 4 --- 淮河上游區 --- p.363 / Chapter 5 --- 長江下游區 --- p.366 / Chapter 6 --- 贛北區 --- p.374 / Chapter 7 --- 東南沿海區 --- p.380 / Chapter 十一 --- 結論 / Chapter 1 --- 荊漢地區新石器文化之總考察 --- p.385 / Chapter 2 --- 荊漢地區新石器文化在中國新石器時代之地位 --- p.390 / 參考書目 --- p.396
52

包山楚簡硏究. / Baoshan Chu jian yan jiu.

January 1995 (has links)
袁國華. / 論文(博士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院中國語言及文學學部, 1995. / 參考文献 : leaves 536-569. / Yuan Guohua. / 序 / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節 --- 包山楚簡的發現 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 包山楚簡的內容 --- p.4 / Chapter 一 --- 「文書」的內容 --- p.4 / Chapter (一) --- 「集箸」「集箸言」簡的內容 --- p.4 / Chapter (二) --- 「受□」簡的內容 --- p.6 / Chapter (三) --- 「疋獄」簡的內容 --- p.7 / Chapter (四) --- 欠標題簡的內容 --- p.9 / Chapter 二 --- 「卜筮祭禱紀錄」的內容 --- p.12 / Chapter 三 --- 「遣策」的內容 --- p.15 / Chapter 第三節 --- 包山楚簡的價值 --- p.19 / Chapter 一 --- 補充文獻的不足 --- p.19 / Chapter 二 --- 証明史書的可信 --- p.21 / Chapter 三 --- 印證其他楚簡的內容 --- p.22 / Chapter 四 --- 保存器物的名實 --- p.23 / Chapter 五 --- 有助古文字的考釋 --- p.25 / Chapter 第四節 --- 本文的研究範疇與目的 --- p.27 / Chapter 第二章 --- 包山楚簡所見名籍編制考 --- p.37 / Chapter 第一節 --- 「□典」意義的商榷 --- p.40 / Chapter 一 --- 「□」字的字形、讀音及意義 --- p.40 / Chapter 二 --- 「典」字的意義及其相關問題 --- p.55 / Chapter 三 --- 與「□典」有關簡文的釋讀 --- p.64 / Chapter 四 --- 釋「□典」 --- p.80 / Chapter 第二節 --- 名籍的種類 --- p.95 / Chapter 一 --- 玉□之典 --- p.99 / Chapter 二 --- □典 --- p.103 / Chapter 三 --- 陳豫之典 --- p.106 / Chapter 四 --- 某瘽之典 --- p.109 / Chapter 第三節 --- 名籍的編造與保管 --- p.112 / Chapter 一 --- 《周禮》所載名籍的編造與保管 --- p.112 / Chapter 二 --- 春秋戰國所載名籍的編造與保管 --- p.116 / Chapter 三 --- 包山楚簡所載名籍的編造與保管 --- p.120 / Chapter 第四節 --- 名籍的用途 --- p.123 / Chapter 一 --- 登除生死 --- p.123 / Chapter 二 --- 查證身分 --- p.127 / Chapter 三 --- 明別歸屬 --- p.130 / Chapter 第三章 --- 包山楚簡「受□」意義考 --- p.143 / Chapter 第一節 --- 「受□」意義的商榷 --- p.144 / Chapter 一 --- 「受□」即「受賄」說的商榷 --- p.144 / Chapter 二 --- 「受□」即「受稽」說的商榷 --- p.159 / Chapter 三 --- 「受□」即「接受年度考核」說的商榷 --- p.168 / Chapter 第二節 --- 釋「受□」 --- p.186 / Chapter 第三節 --- 「受□」簡的釋讀 --- p.191 / Chapter 第四節 --- 海外「受□」遺簡述要 --- p.202 / Chapter 一 --- 有一簡記二事者 --- p.202 / Chapter 二 --- 簡文內容有重覆出現者 --- p.206 / Chapter 三 --- 大事紀年所記地名有別者 --- p.208 / Chapter 第四章 --- 包山楚簡遣策所見「□」、「房□」、「鑐」等器物形制考 --- p.220 / Chapter 第一節 --- 「□」器形制考 --- p.220 / Chapter 一 --- 釋「□」 --- p.220 / Chapter 二 --- 釋「□」 --- p.232 / Chapter 三 --- 論「□」器的形制 --- p.248 / Chapter 第二節 --- 「房□」形制考 --- p.264 / Chapter 一 --- 釋「一房□」 --- p.264 / Chapter 二 --- 釋「房□」形制 --- p.274 / Chapter 第三節 --- 「鑐」鼎形制考 --- p.285 / Chapter 一 --- 釋「亥」 --- p.285 / Chapter 二 --- 釋「鑐」鼎的形制 --- p.293 / Chapter 第五章 --- 包山楚簡文字考釋 --- p.322 / Chapter 1 --- □ --- p.324 / Chapter 2 --- 頸 --- p.325 / Chapter 3 --- 戌 --- p.327 / Chapter 4 --- □ --- p.328 / Chapter 5 --- □、□、□ --- p.332 / Chapter 6 --- 主 --- p.336 / Chapter 7 --- □ --- p.340 / Chapter 8 --- 天 --- p.342 / Chapter 9 --- □ --- p.344 / Chapter 10 --- □ --- p.345 / Chapter 11 --- □ --- p.346 / Chapter 12 --- □ --- p.348 / Chapter 13 --- □ --- p.352 / Chapter 14 --- □ --- p.354 / Chapter 15 --- 受 --- p.355 / Chapter 16 --- □ --- p.359 / Chapter 17 --- □ --- p.360 / Chapter 18 --- □、□ --- p.361 / Chapter 19 --- □ --- p.362 / Chapter 20 --- 齊 --- p.362 / Chapter 21 --- 已 --- p.364 / Chapter 22 --- □ --- p.366 / Chapter 23 --- □ --- p.367 / Chapter 24 --- 常 --- p.367 / Chapter 25 --- 衣 --- p.371 / Chapter 26 --- □ --- p.372 / Chapter 27 --- □ --- p.373 / Chapter 28 --- □ --- p.375 / Chapter 29 --- 伬 --- p.376 / Chapter 30 --- □ --- p.379 / Chapter 附錄一: --- 重訂「包山楚簡」釋文 --- p.389 / Chapter 附錄二: --- 包山楚簡文字諸家考釋一覽表(一)(二) --- p.485 / 主要參考書目及其簡稱 --- p.536
53

以結構方程模式探討台灣地區堰塞湖災害預警與居民認知影響避難決策之研究 / A structural equation modeling study of the influence of dam lake disaster warning and residents perception on the evacuation decision in Taiwan

林宏立, Lin, Hung Li Unknown Date (has links)
為有效減少因不可預期的極端氣候災害所產生的傷亡,可透過提升災害預警機制與災害認知使民眾具備更佳的災害應變決策能力。本研究選擇以台灣地區仍不常見的堰塞湖災害為研究對象以呼應極端氣候不可預期的特性,首先整理出居民在進行災害應變決策時的思考模式與程序,並釐清影響最後決策的各項因素,作為本研究主要研究架構的初擬參考;在分析工具方面則選用結構方程模式(Structural Equation Modeling, SEM),以同時解決將心理層面認知量化與各變項間直線迴歸關係的問題。 為將以上構想付諸實行,本研究先經由文獻回顧提出居民的災害應變決策概念架構,以此概念架構為基礎進行問卷設計,並在台東縣嘉蘭村與高雄市瑪雅里進行問卷調查作業,取得資料後再透過結構方程模式建立適合台灣地區民眾的堰塞湖災害決策模型;最後則針對本研究所建立的模型與分析,對現況風險溝通與預警機制提出相關政策建議。 在試圖達成前述目的的研究過程中,本研究發現台灣民眾在面對不熟悉的堰塞湖災害時,外在的預警訊息、過去的受災經驗,以及家戶狀況等三項因素對決策影響最大;另外雖然本研究所提出的決策架構在台東與高雄兩處受測範圍內均可適用,但仍會因聚落的受災經驗、居民屬性,以及交通區位等特性上的不同而在變項重要性上有所差異。最後,本研究提出相關風險溝通的策略建議,作為未來在面臨堰塞湖災害或其他極端氣候時的政策參考。 / In order to reduce the unpredictable and extreme weather disasters’ casualties effectively, we can improve disaster warning mechanisms and disaster awareness so that people have decision-making capacity for better disaster response. This study selects the Landslide dam’s disaster, which is not common in Taiwan, as the research object. First sorted out the residents’ disaster response policy and procedures of thinking, and clarified the factors affect the final decision as the beginning research framework of this study. Analysis tools are used in structural equation model (SEM), to address both the psychological aspects of cognitive variables to quantify and the question of the relationship between the linear regressions. On the research process, first put forward the residents’ conceptual framework for disaster response decision-making through the literature review, and using this conceptual framework as the basis for questionnaire design. Taitung County and Kaohsiung City are the questionnaire surveys in this study. After the data obtained, we established a suitable decision model for Taiwan’s Landslide dam disaster through the SEM tool. Finally, we can make recommendations on risk communication policy and early warning mechanism through this model. In the research results, this study found that the external warning message, past disaster experience, and household conditions are three of the most important decision factors when Taiwan public is facing the Landslide dam disaster. In addition, although this framework can be applied in Taitung and Kaohsiung areas, but there will still be differences because of the differences in some characteristics such as the affected experience, residents’ properties, and location of traffic. Last, this study proposes some strategies of risk communication as the policy reference when facing the Landslide dam’s disaster or other extreme weather disasters in the future.
54

Development of trace radiocarbon dating and its application : The radiocarbon age differences caused by shell species, tissues or collected locations and their application for reconstruction of paleoenvironment in Lake Biwa, Japan

宮田, 佳樹, Miyata, Yoshiki 03 1900 (has links)
名古屋大学年代測定総合研究センターシンポジウム報告
55

昭和基地周辺湖沼の藻類堆積物から環境変化を探る試み

坂東, 忠司, Bando, Tadashi, 岩佐, 朋美, Iwasa, Tomomi, 中村, 俊夫, Nakamura, Toshio, 井村, 智, Imura, Satoshi, 神田, 啓史, Kanda, Hiroshi 03 1900 (has links)
第11回名古屋大学タンデトロン加速器質量分析計シンポジウム(平成10 (1998)年度)報告 名古屋大学タンデトロン加速器質量分析計第1号機の研究実績と1号機,2号磯の利用計画
56

見かけ上の炭素年代差を用いた環境解析 : 淡水湖産貝,骨試料を例として

Nakamura, Toshio, Minami, Masayo, Miyata, Yoshiki, 中村, 俊夫, 南, 雅代, 宮田, 佳樹 03 1900 (has links)
第23回名古屋大学年代測定総合研究センターシンポジウム平成22(2010)年度報告
57

南宋江湖詩派之研究

鄭亞薇, ZHENG, YA-WEI Unknown Date (has links)
宋人之詩,變化於唐,而出其所自得,故能別開畦徑,大放異彩。觀有宋一代,濟濟 多士,戮力創作,是以詩家既眾,派別亦多,中以江西詩派涵蓋最為深廣,肇自元祐 黃、陳,下而披靡南宋,以迄宋亡,凡兩百餘年,詩人耳濡目染,鮮有不沾溉其聲氣 者。惟其未流,頹唐粗俚,聲色枯澀,弊端漸露。是以南宋未期,自寧宗嘉定以降, 至未帝德祐間,詩壇抓起反江西之運動,四靈、江湖等派相繼崛起,進而取代江西詩 獨盛之地位。 江湖詩派因陳起之裒輯江湖小、集江湖後集而得名,斯時丁逢未造,內憂外患,交相 擾攘,國家元氣,凋喪殆盡,詩人或為城市商賈、鄉曲地主,或為失意文人、潦倒末 宦,進無政治地位,退而生活失據,故其意志亦隨時代同歸沒,落是以此一時期,小 詩人及其作品,充斥詩壇,由是文學活動漸申少數書生官僚階級,轉入布衣階級,而 普遍於民間,對促進文學活動平民,化及恢復唐詩平、易抒情之傾向,關係至鉅。況 就宋詩流變而這,江湖詩派適位居由極峰折降而至極衰之關鍵,欲瞭解宋代詩壇申盛 迄衰演化之軌跡,及其於文學活動轉變之影響,舍此一研究無由得見也。 江湖詩人一百一十家,詩作一百二十卷,篇幅頗富,故四庫提要斥之為烏合之眾;復 以流動性,大毫無組織可,言向為人所輕忽。余不揣駑鈍,區分八章,詳為探究,蘄 能得一詳盡之系統,以為宋未詩壇之瞭解。章節摘要如下:第一章緒論,首為江湖定 名,次敘研究之動機、取材、乃至方法與步驟,以以為研究之指針;二章搜羅江湖詩 人之小傳與著作,以為背景探討之準備;三章則就政治、社會、文學三方面析論其產 生之時代背;景四章探討江湖詩人詩風之淵源;五章就形式、內容、風格歸納此派詩 人作品之特性,兼及諸家之批評,以為參證;六章分析歸納,進而比較江湖大家之詩 論,以明其於文學批評上之地位;七章就詩論與價值剖析其影響;八章總結前人之批 評,為作客觀之論定。 如是對卅宋未期詩壇由盛迄衰演化歷程之探究,或有所裨益。惟篇幅繁富,雖搜列資 料,詳為披覽,隨時札記,然以資質駑鈍,雖黽勉為之,而才力所限,翻檢末周,思 慮不逮者,在所多有。幸蒙王師夢鷗、羅師宗濤時加指正,家人支持鼓勵,始得終篇 ,雖臨文戒慎,猶死囿乎一隅,遺其全貌,尚祈先進碩學,匡其闕失,進而教之,則 幸甚焉。 /
58

擴展道教醮儀的概念:以晚帝國湖北與江西的靈官醮科為例 / Broadening Notions of Daoist Offering Rituals: A Case Study of Late Imperial Numinous Officer Liturgies (Lingguan jiaoke 靈官醮科) of Hubei and Jiangxi

費昭, Tyler Feezell Unknown Date (has links)
本論文探索從《道法海涵》中挑出的集中於王靈官道教醮抄本,兩抄本的書名皆是「靈官醮科」,一本源自於江西1861年或1921年,另一本源自於湖北木蘭1855年或1915年。江西的抄本是第一章節的中心點,進而追蹤抄本作者寫作參考的可能源始資料,包括道藏裡的節選;第二章節以兩抄本作為儀式內容與架構對比。本論文的目的是觀察以前沒研究的地方醮儀,因此擴展學術界對此在華人社會關鍵的儀式的概念。 關鍵字: 道教醮儀,靈官醮科,王靈官,江西,湖北,道法海涵 / This thesis explores two Daoist jiao ritual 道教醮儀 manuscripts from the Daofa haihan devoted to Numinous Officer Wang (Wang lingguan 王靈官). Both texts are titled “Jiao Liturgy for the Numinous Officer” (Lingguan jiaoke 靈官醮科), one originating in Jiangxi 江西 in 1861 or 1921 and the other from Mulan, Hubei 木蘭湖北 in 1855 or 1915. Chapter one focuses on the Jiangxi text and traces possible source material, including Daoist canonical selections, referenced to compose the ritual. Chapter two compares the ritual content and structure of the two ritual texts. The purpose of this thesis is to explore local jiao rituals in a setting previously unstudied, thus augmenting scholarly notions of this pivotal communal ritual Keywords: Daoist jiao rituals, “Jiao Liturgy for the Numinous Officer”, Numinous Officer Wang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Daofa haihan
59

產業地域土地使用制度厚實之研究-以內湖輕工業區與大彎北段為例- / The study of land usage of institutional thickness in industrial area- Take Neihu light industry and Northern Dawan as an example

林志銘, Lin, Chih Ming Unknown Date (has links)
科技產業崛起已逐漸蠶食輕工業區原先土地利用制度安排,台北市內湖輕工業區自市地重劃完成後,經由行動者興建廠辦大樓形塑科技園區意象,供廠商違規使用,接著再由園區內廠商自發性成立「台北市內湖科技園區發展協會」與台北市政府定期召開座談會,並配合修正「台北市內湖輕工業區輔導管理辦法」共同治理園區內土地利用方向,締造科技產業經濟奇蹟,成為活化產業用地新典範,變更為名符其實「台北市內湖科技園區」。 然而,毗鄰地區大彎北段商業區、娛樂區行動者藉以放寬產業進駐內湖輕工業區為由,衝擊大彎北段商業機能,因而產生替代效果,陸續將商業用地及娛樂用地,興建住宅社區違規供住宅使用,截至今日該地區約已達3,000戶,實際使用狀況,與都市計畫呈現明顯不符,已造成商業區、娛樂區與住宅使用衍生嚴重互斥等現象。 本文將以「制度厚實」、「路徑依賴」、「公共利益」等相關理論分析案例,透過公、私部門專業人士進行深度訪談提供卓見,作為本文研究過程中相互辯證及立論參考依據,進一步釐清兩地區制度變遷分歧原因,加以探索大彎北段商業區、娛樂區供住宅使用之正當性,抑或回歸商業及娛樂使用,並將研究結論提出建議事項,落實產業用地「公共利益」之精神。 / The rise of technology industry has gradually eroded the arrangement of original land utilization. Therefore, the land of light industry was replotting in Neihu. The actors wanted the area to be Technology Park, so the buildings were used inappropriately for firms. The firms in park established an association spontaneously and named “Taipei Neihu technology park development association. “Taipei city hall made the regular meetings with the association and coordinated to revise the counseling regulations of Taipei Neihu light industry. Government and companies managed the direction of land's usage together and make the economic miracle of technology. Thus, it’s a model to activate industrial land. The land named “Taipei NeiHu Technology Park” However, according to this reason, the commercial function of Northern Dawan has been impacted. In order to find alternatives, the land of commercial and entertainment was supplied to residence use. As of today, it’s over 3,000 houses in the region. The actual situation of usage is not identical with the city plans, which causes mutual exclusion among the region of commercial, entertainment, and residences area. This study used those theories (for institutional thickness, path dependent and Public Interest) to analyze some cases. Through the deep interview by experts which come from public and private departments, they provide some advice as mutual dialectical reference; we will also clarify the reasons of rule discrepancy between two regions in order to further explore the legitimacy of the usage in Northern Dawan commercial area and entertainment area, or return to commercial and entertainment use. We’ll submit conclusions and bring suggestion to implement the spirit of public interest on industrial estate.
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西湖溪流域客家嘗會之研究 / A case study of Hakka Ancestral Estate Associations in Xihu River Basin

徐毓宏, Hsu, Yu-Hung Unknown Date (has links)
本文以「嘗會」為研究的主題,並於前面加上「客家」一詞,是希望突顯以客家為主題的論述與特性,藉此來瞭解客家人的文化特徵,故從歷史脈絡看來,研究地區若非屬早期客家人開墾的地方,則未列入研究場域,冀望透過這樣的研究思維,並運用比較研究觀點,呈現出西湖溪流域內客家嘗會之一般與核心的文化特徵。 研究動機除了對客家嘗會的核心文化特徵加以探討外,亦綜合前人對中國傳統社會宗族理論成果之探討,運用於本文之研究;期望透過宗族相關理論的應用,並藉由西湖溪流域嘗會的族產統計分析,以達成研究目的,包含探討的早期宗族分布的情況、有哪些宗族對流域拓墾較具代表性、嘗會與宗族發展甚或對聚落發展的關聯性等;再以西湖溪流域客家嘗會為核心的觀察,探析國家政策與社會變遷對嘗會的挑戰。研究方法上,則採用文獻分析、參與觀察以及深度訪談。在資料處理方面,則運用2009年政府地政機關有關嘗會族產的公務登記資料為基礎,進而以統計方法加以整理、歸納、分析,並與相關文獻分析結果做比較與對話,以進一步提升研究資料分析結果之信度與效度。 研究結果發現客家嘗會可探析客家人早期來台拓墾的宗族發展的脈絡與聚落發展的關聯性,亦可分析出流域內前五大姓氏宗族分別依序為賴、李、彭、劉、邱,並可探討嘗會於客家地方社會發展的意義與特質;而「嘗」所展現的形式上與實質上的意涵,代表著客家人獨特的文化特徵,惟這些客家文化的特殊性,不僅正面臨社會轉型與時代變遷的衝擊,亦面臨著從日治時期政府以來,國家政策前所未有的挑戰。 / This paper takes Hakka Ancestral Estate Associations(嘗會cang hui)as the subject of the study. As the term “cang hui” is used only by the Hakka ethnic group in both mainland China and Taiwan, this study is to explore the characteristics and Hakka people and its culture features. Therefore, in terms of historical context, the region for the research is limited only to Xihu River basin area where early Hakka immigrants settled. Through this kind of study and by comparing various research points of view about cang hui, this paper hopes to present the general and core cultural characteristics of Hakka Ancestral Estate Associations in Xihu River Basin. In addition to exploring the core cultural characteristics of Hakka Ancestral Estate Associations, the study also deals with and applies discussions and findings of previous theories on traditional Chinese society lineage, hoping that through the application of lineage related theory and the statistical analysis of the Hakka Ancestral Estate Associations in Xihu River Basin to attain the research purposes. The purposes are the situation of the early lineage distribution, lineages which are more representative of the development of Xihu River Basin, the relationship between the development of Hakka Ancestral Estate Associations and the development of the lineage, and the relevance of the development of settlement, etc. The Hakka Ancestral Estate Associations in Xihu River Basin is the core observation. In addition, this study discusses further the impact of government policy and social change on the Hakka Ancestral Estate Associations. In terms of research method, we use document analysis, participation in observation and in-depth interviews. About data processing, we use the official registration information of the property of Ancestral Estate Associations owned by the government's land office in 2009 and then adopt suitable statistical methods to sort, summarize, analyze and compare the result of related historical documents to enhance the reliability and validity of the research data analysis results. The study finds that Hakka Ancestral Estate Associations can explore the relationship between the historical context of lineage development and the development of settlements in the early history. We can also use it to find that family names of the top five lineages in the river basin are Lai, Li, Peng, Liu and Chiu. Besides, we can analyze the meaning and characteristics of Hakka Ancestral Estate Associations in Hakka society. While formal and realistic meaning of “Chang”(嘗) represents Hakka people’s unique cultural characteristics, this uniqueness is not only facing the impact of social transformation and the change of the times, but also facing unprecedented challenges by government policy since Japanese Reign.

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